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Effect of Topical Application of Binahong [Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] Leaf Paste in Wound Healing Process in Mice Gurwinder Kaur a/p Gurcharan Singh; Novi Vicahyani Utami; Hermin Aminah Usman
Althea Medical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Wound caused by trauma poses challenging daily clinical problems for physicians in hospitals and other health services. It has high risk for mortality and morbidity. Binahong [Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] plant originates from China and can be found abundantly in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of topical application of Binahong leaf paste on wound healing process.Methods: A laboratory experimental study was conducted at the Pharmacology Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, from October to December 2012 by using 27 Mus Muscularis mice which were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (sodium chloride 0.9%), group 2 (Binahong) and group 3 (povidone iodine 5%). Binahong leaves were crushed and were mixed with water to make a paste. The application was given for 12 days. On day zero, 1.0 cm2 of wound was incised at the back of the mice, and further on day 1, 4, 8 and 12, the percentage of wound contraction was measured. The data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney test.Results: The study indicated that the percentage of wound contraction in group 2 on day 4 (1.17%), day 8 (23.7%) and day 12 (76.14%) is the highest among all groups. The result showed that the comparison between binahong and NaCl was highly significant on day 12, p= 0.001 (p < 0.05) and the data for comparison between Binahong and povidone iodine on day 12 was significant with p= 0.003 (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Topical application of Binahong leaf paste shows better result in wound healing process of Mus muscularis mice. From this study it can be concluded that binahong promotes wound healing and can be used for home remedies for wound care and as an alternative traditional way to treat wound.[AMJ.2014;1(1):6–11]Keywords: Binahong [Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis], povidone iodine, wound healingEfek Aplikasi pasta daun Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] secara topikal dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada tikus jenis MusmuscularisLatar Belakang: Luka yang disebabkan oleh trauma menjadi masalah klinis yang menantang bagi para dokter di rumah sakit maupun bagi petugas kesehatan lainnya dalam melakukan pekerjaan sehari-hari. Luka yang timbul tersebut memiliki risiko yang tinggi terhadap mortalitas dan morbiditas. Tanaman Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] berasal dari Cina dan banyak ditemukan di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui efek dari aplikasi pasta daun Binahong secara topikal terhadap proses penyembuhan luka.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi, Universitas Padjadjaran, mulai Oktober–Desember 2012, menggunakan tikus jenis MusMuscularis sebanyak 27 ekor, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 (natrium klorida 0,9%), kelompok 2 (pasta daun Binahong) dan kelompok 3 (povidone iodine 5%). Daun Binahong dihancurkan dan ditambahkan sedikit air sehingga menjadi bentuk pasta. Perlakuan diberikan selama 12 hari. Pada hari 0 dilakukan insisi pada punggung tikus untuk membuat luka sebesar 1,0 cm2. Persentase kontraksi luka akan dinilai pada hari ke-1, 4, 8, dan 12. Kontraksi luka adalah pengurangan luas pada area luka. Hasil penilaian tersebut akan dibandingkan pada tiap kelompok untuk melihat efektivitas aplikasi topikal pasta daun Binahong. Data akan dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kontraksi luka kelompok 2 pada hari ke-4 (1,17%), hari ke-8 (23,7%), dan hari ke-12 (76,14%) adalah lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok lainnya. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan sangat signifikan antara perbandingan Binahong dan natrium klorida pada hari ke-12, dengan p=0,001 (p<0,05). Perbandingan antara Binahong dan povidone iodine pada hari ke-12 juga menunjukkan hasil signifikan dengan p=0,003 (p<0,05).Simpulan: Aplikasi pasta daun Binahong secara topikal menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada tikus jenis Musmuscularis. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Binahong mempercepat penyembuhan luka serta dapat digunakan untuk perawatan luka di rumah dan sebagai cara alternatif yang bersifat tradisional untuk mengobati luka.Kata kunci: Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis], penyembuhan luka, povidone iodine DOI: dx.doi.org/10.15850/amj.v1n1.289
Five Years Data of Clinical and Histopathological Characteristics of Skin Adnexal Tumors in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Jessica Oktavianus Trisaputra; Hermin Aminah Usman; Reti Hindritiani
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Skin adnexal tumors arise from skin adnexal differentiation. Very limited number of study has been performed on their clinical and histopathological characteristics in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The objectives of this study was to identify the clinical and histopathological characteristic of skin adnexal tumors during the period of 2009 to 2013.Methods: AA descriptive study performed on 79 medical records of patients with skin adnexal tumors at the Department of Anatomic Pathology in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from 2009 to 2013. Data were collected during the period of September to October 2014. The inclusion criteria were medical records containing information on skin adnexal tumors confirmed by histopathological examination results, patient characteristics (age and gender), and the tumor characteristics (size, location, malignancy, type, and histopathological origin). Collected data were processed using computer and presented in tables.Results: This study showed that tumors occured during productive age with male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Most skin adnexal tumors were ≤5 cm in size and were distributed in the head-neck region. Most of the tumors were benign and arised from hair follicle differentiation with pilomatricoma type while the malignant tumors commonly arised from sebaceous gland differentiation with sebaceous carcinoma type.Conclusions: Most skin adnexal tumors occur in productive age with no gender prediclation. They are small in size and are distributed in the cephalic region. Most are benign tumors arising from hair follicle differentiation with some malignant tumors arising from sebaceous gland differentiation. [AMJ.2016;3(4):514–9] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.933
VEGF-A and PD-L1 Immunoexpression Association with Meningioma Histopathology Grade Yunnica Yunnica; Afiati Afiati; Hermin Aminah Usman; Bethy Surjawathy Hernowo
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 7, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1527.334 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v7i3.4202

Abstract

Histopathology grade of meningioma is one of the most common factors determining the prognosis and affects the risk of recurrence and aggressiveness of the tumor. Biological factors related to histopathological grade are vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). This research aimed to understand the association between VEGF-A and PD-L1 with meningioma histopathology grade. This is in vivo research on 60 paraffin blocks of meningioma cases at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from April to November 2018. Paraffin block samples consist of grade I (30), grade II (15), and grade III (15) meningioma. Immunohistochemical staining of VEGF-A and PD-L1 performed to all samples. Data analyzed using the chi-square test with SPSS version 24.0 for Windows. The result shows a significant association between VEGF-A and PD-L1 immunoexpression with meningioma histopathology grade. PD-L1 is the most potent factor that influenced the histopathology grade of meningioma. The study concluded that the histopathology grade of meningiomas influenced by angiogenesis and immune checkpoints. VEGF-A and PD-L1 immunoexpression in meningioma considered as a factor that influences the aggressiveness of meningioma. HUBUNGAN IMUNOEKSPRESI VEGF-A DAN PD-L1 DENGAN DERAJAT HISTOPATOLOGI MENINGIOMADerajat histopatologi meningioma merupakan salah satu faktor yang paling umum menentukan prognosis serta memengaruhi risiko rekurensi dan agresivitas tumor. Faktor biologi yang berhubungan dengan derajat histopatologi adalah vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) dan programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan imunoekspresi VEGF-A dan PD-L1 dengan derajat histopatologi meningioma. Penelitian in vivo dilakukan pada 60 blok parafin kasus meningioma di Departemen Patologi Anatomi RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dari April hingga November 2018. Sampel blok parafin terdiri atas meningioma derajat I (30), derajat II (15), dan derajat III (15). Pulasan imunohistokimia VEGF-A dan PD-L1 dilakukan terhadap semua sampel. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dengam SPSS versi 24.0 untuk Windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara VEGF-A dan PD-L1 dengan derajat histopatologi meningioma. PD-L1 merupakan faktor paling kuat yang memengaruhi derajat histopatologi meningioma. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah derajat histopatologi meningioma dipengaruhi oleh faktor angiogenesis dan immune check point. Imunoekspresi VEGF-A dan PD-L1 pada meningioma dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai faktor yang memengaruhi agresivitas meningioma.
Effectiveness of Xylene and Mineral Oil in DNA Extraction from Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Diffuse Astrocytic Tumor Edward Jaya Hadi; Hasrayati Agustina; Hermin Aminah Usman
Medical Laboratory Technology Journal Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): June
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin Jurusan Analis Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (106.517 KB) | DOI: 10.31964/mltj.v0i0.447

Abstract

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is an important source of material for molecular analysis. In the anatomical pathology field, molecular testing is needed in certain tumors, such as astrocytic tumors, to confirm the diagnosis. Extracting DNA from FFPE material is still challenging. The first important step in the extraction process is deparaffinization. This study aims to compare two types of deparaffinization methods. The first method used xylene, and the second one used mineral oil. The results of this study can be used to develop a reliable protocol for DNA extraction from FFPE tissue. DNA from 28 FFPE diffuse astrocytic tumor tissue blocks was extracted. The quantity and A260/A280 ratio of the DNA was measured by spectrophotometer. PCR assays were performed to assess the suitability of extracted DNA for molecular analysis. The results showed that the xylene group has significantly higher DNA concentrations than the mineral oil group (p<0.01). In both groups, average and median A260/A280 scores were between 1.8-2.0. In PCR assay, both groups show a similar result (27 of 28 samples were successfully amplified). In conclusion, xylene and mineral oil can be used effectively as deparaffinization agents. Both methods generated good quality extracted DNA. The advantage of mineral oil is that it is non-toxic and has shorter hands-on time. Xylene is preferable for a small-sized sample because it produces a higher DNA yield.
Upaya Meningkatkan Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara di SMKN 1 Cijulang Kabupaten Pangandaran Muhammad Hasan Bashari; Hermin Aminah Usman; Dika Widia Nur Azizah; Defi Ardia Pramesti; Arima Kurnia Sari Dewi Nurcahyani; Atika Hana Ilyasa; Nadifah Diana Zalia; Risqi Dwi Putra; Lala Yuliani; Dwi Andini; Naura Mardhiyah; Putri Halleyana; Titing Nurhayati; Astrid Feinisa Khairani; Dimas Erlangga Luftimas; Rani Septriana
Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Vol 3 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Mathla'ul Anwar Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (592.907 KB) | DOI: 10.30653/002.201832.87

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EFFORTS TO IMPROVE EARLY DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER IN CIJULANG 1 VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, PANGANDARAN REGENCY. The high mortality rate of breast cancer (BC) patients in Indonesia is associated with conditions of most patients come to doctor in an advanced stage of BC. This is due to the low BC awareness of Indonesian women. This community service program (PPM) is intended to increase knowledge of adolescent women about early detection of BC. This action was conducted by BC awareness workshop to 114 female students of Vocational High School (SMK) 1 Cijulang, Pangandaran district, West Java. The profile of participants showed that 64% of participants are 17 years old and mostly from Cijulang and Cimerak sub-districts. In addition, the majority of participants were not aware of BC, indicated by lack of knowledge of BC signs and symptoms (97%), and low confident of doing breast self-examination (BSE) (30%). Moreover, there were 7% of the participants were smoking which is known to be one of the major risk factors for BC. These findings point out conducting a program for increasing BC awareness among students. The program was managed by mini-lecture that focuses on BC risk factors, BC early detection and BSE (SADARI) using videos and simulation on a mannequin. This program was expected to have an impact on their families, indirectly. Ultimately, this will increase the finding of new cases of BC which will increase their life expectancy.
Diagnostic challenge in parathyroid carcinoma with multiple pathological bone fracture: A case report Hermin Aminah Usman; Hasrayati Agustina; Zahra Nurusshofa; Siska Dwiyantie Wahyuni
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 11, No 1, (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol11.Iss1.art14

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Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. It often presents with unspecified clinical manifestation that leads to misdiagnosis. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman who suffered from multiple bone tumours and recurrent bone fracture for 3 years ago, and misdiagnosis as only a giant cell tumours of the bone. Then, the patient continued to develop another mass in the neck that kept growing and the mass move on swallowing. The clinician diagnosed her as a colloid goitre based on cytological examination from fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Elevated parathyroid hormone level, hypercalcemia, and suspected parathyroid adenoma in the Sestamibi Parathyroid scan led the clinician to perform a frozen section in this patient with subsequent histopathological of diagnosis as parathyroid carcinoma. The diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma continues to be a challenge. Understanding the pathogenesis and multidisciplinary collaboration is important to define an accurate diagnosis and treatment. 
Digital image analysis of immunohistochemistry KI-67 using QuPath software in breast cancer Hermin Aminah Usman; Fauzan Ali Zainal Abidin
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 12, No 1, (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol12.Iss1.art7

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Background: Today, pathology services are more developed for quantitative diagnostic evaluation. The quantitative diagnostic evaluation requires detailed accuracy and can be done using digital image analysis (DIA). Assessment of the Ki67 labelling index (LI) in breast carcinoma needs to be done quantitatively. A visual evaluation of Ki67 LI using light microscopy has high inter-observer variability. The evaluation of Ki67 LI could be done digitally with the DIA technique to overcome the inter-observer variability. The DIA technique is carried out by counting the Ki67 LI manually or automatically with bioimage analysis software. QuPath is one of the bioimage analysis software, has characteristics of cross-platform, intended for bioimage analysis and digital pathology.Objective: This study aims to compare the manual and automatic calculation of Ki67 LI digitally. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study; a total of 240 digital Ki67 images from 30 slides were analyzed by counting manually and automatically using QuPath. Results: Statistical analysis using the T-test showed no significant difference between the manual and automatic counting of Ki67 LI (p = 0,801, a = 0,05). Conclusion: Digital image analysis using QuPath can be used to calculate the Ki67 LI automatically.
The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Breast and Thyroid Cancer Surgery: An Advantage or Disadvantage Factor? Hermin Aminah Usman; Fauzan Ali Zainal Abidin; Akbar Maulana
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 15, No 1 (2021): March
Publisher : National Cancer Center - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (192.763 KB) | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v15i1.787

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Background: Breast cancer (BC) and thyroid cancer (TC) are the types of cancer mostly treated at the Surgical Oncology Department with 24.1% and 6.8%, respectively, of all malignancies at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The delay in managing patients for both types of cancer will increase the risk of cancer stage progression. This study was conducted to determine the Covid-19 pandemic’s impact on delayed surgery due to longer waiting times in BC and TC patients.Methods: This research is a descriptive study. The data were collected from BC and TC patients who received surgery in the Surgical Oncology Department from April to June 2020 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. These data include the time of surgery, gender, age, stage of the disease, chemotherapy history, management, time from diagnosis until surgery, last time receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy until surgery, and time of surgery on schedule.Results: Thirty-seven patients had undergone surgery; the stages of BC and TC patients were IIIB (66.6%) and II (50.0%), respectively. There were 31 BC patients (93.9%) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and underwent surgery, and total thyroidectomy with dissection was performed in 75% of TC patients. Operative procedures that were performed earlier than the schedule have been done in 20 (60.6%) and three patients (75.0%) for BC and TC patients, respectively, while 2 (0.6%) of BC patients were delayed in their management and no patient experienced a delay in management on TC.Conclusions: The management of BC and TC patients with various stages has received operation procedures faster than the previously determined schedule in the period from April to June 2020. These results also suggest a possible advantage for cancer patients requiring surgery, particularly patients with advanced BC who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In certain conditions, it turns out that a pandemic may positively impact, especially in the management surgery of breast and thyroid cancer patients. However, limited time at the early start of the pandemic may change these conclusions.
Profil Klinikopatologi Pasien Tumor Trofoblas Gestasional yang Dilakukan Operasi di RSUP DR. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Tahun 2017-2020 Aviscena Fahmi Ali; Dodi Suardi; Hermin Aminah Usman; Gatot Nyarumenteng Adhipurnawan Winarno; Andi Kurniadi
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Volume 5 Nomor 2 September 2022
Publisher : Dep/SMF Obstetri & Ginekologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/obgynia/v5n2.381

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Tujuan: Mengetahui proporsi klinis dan histopatologi pasien tumor trofoblas gestasional yang dilakukan operasiMetode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi deskriptif, dengan pengambilan data menggunakan total sampling. Kriteria inklusi adalah Pasien tumor trofoblas gestasional yang dilakukan operasi dengan data lengkap.Hasil: Total 27 kasus, didapatkan bahwa pasien tumor trofoblas gestasional yang dilakukan operasi sebagian besar memiliki kategori usia ≥40 tahun (59,26%), paritas multipara (66,67%), kehamilan sebelumnya mola (66,67%), interval dengan kehamilan sebelumnya >12 bulan (55,56%), kadar β-hCG sebelum operasi 103 -<104 mIU/ml (40,74%), ukuran tumor terbesar ≥5 cm (88,89%), lokasi metastasis tidak ada (74,07%), jumlah metastasis 0 (74,07%), kegagalan kemoterapi agen multipel (74,07%), jenis operasi histerektomi (96,30%), kadar β-hCG setelah operasi <103 mIU/ml (77,78%),  dan gambaran histopatologi koriokarsinoma (88,89%). Diskusi: Penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa seluruh pasien tumor trofoblas gestasional yang dilakukan operasi memiliki skor FIGO/WHO ≥7 yang berarti berisiko tinggi.Kesimpulan: Kasus-kasus tumor trofoblas gestasional yang dilakukan operasi pada penelitian ini sebagian besar memberikan profil klinis berupa multipara, jenis kehamilan sebelumnya mola, dan kegagalan kemoterapi agen multipel dengan jenis histopatologi koriokarsinoma.Profile Clicopathological of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia Patients Who Underwent Surgery at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in 2017–2020AbstractObjective: Knowing the clinical and histopathological proportion of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patients who underwent surgery.Methods: This study uses a descriptive study design and the data collection using total sampling. The inclusion criteria gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patients who underwent surgery with complete data.Result: : A total of 27 cases, it was found that the most GTN patients who underwent surgery had an age category of 40 years (59.26%), multiparity (66.67%), previous molar pregnancies (66.67%), intervals with previous pregnancies >12 months (55.56%), β-hCG levels before surgery 103 -<104 mIU/ml (40.74%), the largest tumour size 5 cm (88.89%), no metastatic site (74.07 %), failure of multiple agent chemotherapy (74,07%), hysterectomy surgery (96.30%), β-hCG level after surgery <103 mIU/ml (77.78% ), and histopathological features of choriocarcinoma (88.89%).Discussion: In this study, it was found that all gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patients who underwent surgery had a FIGO/WHO score ≥7 which means high risk.Conclusion: The gestational trophoblastic neoplasia cases that underwent surgery in this study presented a clinical profile of multiparity, previous molar pregnancy, and failure of multiple agent chemotherapy with histopathological type of choriocarcinoma.Key words: Profile, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, operation
SKIN CANCER IN CHILDREN WITH XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM Maria Meildi; Monty Priosodewo Soemitro; Maman Abdurahman; Raden Yohana; Kiki Akhmad Rizki; Hermin Aminah Usman
Jurnal Health Sains Vol. 4 No. 7 (2023): Journal Health Sains
Publisher : Syntax Corporation Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/jhs.v4i7.1020

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Introduction: Xeroderma pigmentosum) is a rare disease, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner with disturbances in the repair of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which often occur in malignancy. Irreversible DNA lesions and mutations also occur in the genes which regulate skin cancer development in Xeroderma Pigmentosum. Purpose: To explain the signs, symptoms, and management of  skin cancer Xeroderma Pigmentosum. Case Report : A 6 year old girl with basal cell carcinoma arising from Xeroderma pigmentosum.  The histopathological picture of the left nasolabial biopsy preparation was found to show basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The patient was treated with 5FU administration and were followed after 6 week In the second patient, a 3 year old boy, squamous cell carcinoma in the oocipital area. From the histopathological picture, moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma on the left frontalis occipital dextra and corresponds to mottled hypermegrance on the parietal dextra. In this patient, a wide excision of the occipital lump was performed and the defect was closed with a full-thickness skin graft. Provided education to the parents of both patients for direct prevention of sun exposure by using sunscreen/hats. Discussion and Conclusion: Xeroderma Pigmentosum patients who are Xeroderma Pigmentosum  to ultraviolet radiation (UV) can result in the development of highly cancerous lesions consisting of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and malignant melanoma (MM). Clinical management of Xeroderma Pigmentosum includes sun avoidance, minimizing UV eXeroderma Pigmentosumosure, early detection, skin lesions, and genetic counseling. Topical application of 5-fluorouracil or imiquimod is used for premalignant lesions, and surgical excision is performed for malignant neoplasms of the skin, tongue, eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea.
Co-Authors . Afiati, . Abdul Hadi Hassan, Abdul Hadi Afiati Afiati Afiati Afiati Ahmad Faried Akbar Maulana Andi Kurniadi, Andi Anglita Yantisetiasti Anjani, Gebby Reviana Apriliani, Ardhia Rizki Arif, Izhar Muhammad Arif, Izhar Muhammad Arima Kurnia Sari Dewi Nurcahyani Astrid Feinisa Khairani Atika Hana Ilyasa Aviscena Fahmi Ali Bashari, Muhammad Hasan Bethy Hernowo Bethy S Hernowo, Bethy Bethy Surjawathy Hernowo Bethy Surjawathy Hernowo Bethy Suryawathy Hernowo Billy Parulian Lubis Defi Ardia Pramesti Dewayani, Birgitta Maria Dewi Yulianti Bisri Dika Widia Nur Azizah Dimas Erlangga Luftimas Dimas Erlangga Luftimas Dodi Suardi Dolvy Girawan Dwi Andini Dwi Putri, Riska Edward Jaya Hadi Egie Rahmalaelani Eka Surya Nugraha Endang Sutedja Erida, Yulie Eva Krishna Sutedja Fauzan Ali Zainal Abidin Fauzan Ali Zainal Abidin Gatot Nyarumenteng Adhipurnawan Winarno Gian Nugraha Gurwinder Kaur a/p Gurcharan Singh Gurwinder Kaur a/p Gurcharan Singh Handayani, Astri Hasrayanti Agustina Hasrayati Agustina Hendra Gunawan HENDRA GUNAWAN B11211055 Hendrikus Bolly Herry Yulianti Husain, Okky Jessica Oktavianus Trisaputra Jono Hadi Agusni Jono Hadi Agusni, Jono Hadi Khafifah, Dinda Salsa Kiki Akhmad Rizki Labibah, Salma Nur Lala Yuliani Laraswita, Sarah Maman Abdurahman Maria Meildi Meinarni, Retno Misuari Sabirin, Muhammad Syah Monty Priosodewo Soemitro Muhammad Begawan Bestari Nadiah, Zahra Nadifah Diana Zalia Nadila Ayu Karisa Naura Mardhiyah Nenny Agustanti Nita Novita Noor Fitriana, Maya Novi Vicahyani Utami Nugraha, Marwan Agung Nurhasanah Nurhasanah Nurhidayat, Ade Apon Oki Suwarsa Putri Halleyana Raden Yohana Rahmalaelani, Egie Rahman, Putri Halleyana A Ramdhani, Muhammad Farid Rani Septriana Rani Septrina Rania Azzahra Salsazayasya Parikesit Rasdianto, Devi Novianto Reiva Farah Dwiyana Reti Hindritiani Rianty, Fathia Rika Mustika Risqi Dwi Putra Sholihah, Fitria Siska Dwiyantie Wahyuni Siti Aminah Abdurachman Sri Suryanti Sunardi, Mas Adi Titing Nurhayati Trisaputra, Jessica Oktavianus Yudi Wahyudi Yunnica Yunnica Zahra Nurusshofa