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Performance comparison of feature extraction methods for electroencephalogram-based recognition of Balinese script Wirawan, I Made Agus; Pascima, Ida Bagus Nyoman; Mahendra, Gede Surya; Candiasa, I Made; Sukajaya, I Nyoman
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v15.i1.pp55-64

Abstract

Recognizing Balinese script from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals remains a challenging problem due to low signal amplitude, non-stationary dynamics, and significant inter-subject variability. Despite previous attempts, no single feature extraction method has been universally effective in addressing these limitations. To fill this gap, this study systematically evaluates five feature extraction techniques—differential entropy (DE), power spectral density (PSD), discrete wavelet transforms (DWT), Hjorth parameters, and statistical features—on the Balinese imagined spelling using electroencephalography (BISE) dataset, which contains EEG recordings specifically designed for Balinese script recognition. For classification, both artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machines (SVM) are applied, and their performance is validated across multiple experimental settings. Results demonstrate that DE consistently provides more stable and discriminative features than the other methods, achieving the highest classification accuracy when combined with ANN. These findings highlight the potential of DE-based approaches to advance electroencephalogram driven Balinese script recognition, offering a culturally significant contribution to brain-computer interface (BCI) research and supporting future applications in inclusive artificial intelligence, digital heritage preservation, and assistive technologies.
Subject Independent Emotion Recognition Using Electroencephalogram Signals with Continuous Capsule Network Method Made Agus Panji Sujaya; I Made Agus Wirawan; Gede Indrawan
JUITA: Jurnal Informatika JUITA Vol. 13 Issue 1, March 2025
Publisher : Department of Informatics Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/juita.v13i1.24583

Abstract

Emotions play an essential role in human reasoning. Researchers have made various efforts to improve emotion classification methods. Based on the several emotion classification methods studied in previous studies, the Continuous Capsule Network method produced the highest accuracy compared to other classification methods. This method can maintain spatial information from electroencephalogram signals so they are not reduced. However, this method has only been tested subject-dependently. Based on this study, the Continuous Capsule Network method will be applied to classify emotions in the Faculty of Engineering and Vocational Studies, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha students. The number of participants involved in this study was 17 people (10 men and 7 women). Through six subjectindependent test scenarios, the Continuous Capsule Network method produced accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores of 99.31%, 99.34%, 99.20%, and 99.27, respectively. At the same time, the loss value was 0.88%. In addition, the Continuous Capsule Network method produced an average training and validation time of 401.17 seconds and an average testing time of 4.67 seconds for the six test scenarios.
Comparison of Multinomial, Bernoulli, and Gaussian Naïve Bayes for Complaint Classification in Pro Denpasar Application Ida Bagus Mahendra; I Made Gede Sunarya; I Made Agus Wirawan
JUITA: Jurnal Informatika JUITA Vol. 13 Issue 1, March 2025
Publisher : Department of Informatics Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/juita.v13i1.24828

Abstract

Pelayanan Rakyat Online Denpasaror PRO Denpasar is a Denpasar City Government application intended as a public service mall to support Denpasar to become a smart city. This application was built since 2014 and is actively used in channeling public complaints so optimization is continuously needed to increase the efficiency of application use. Application optimization is carried out by developing decision support tools to determine complaint categories that are still done manually. The application of the properartificial intelligence method can be used as a solution in classifying complaint categories to become a decision support tool for operators. This study compares three classification methods including multinomial naïve bayes, bernoulli naïve bayes and gaussian naïve bayes by applying TF-IDF feature extraction to determine the best complaint category classification method. Based on eight comparison scenario results by applying a comparison of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of complaint descriptions with 5-fold cross validation and 10-fold cross validation, it was found that the multinomial naïve Bayes method provided the best result in seven combined comparisons involving the test parameters accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score and processing time.
Co-Authors ., EKA SEPHARMI PUTRI ., I Gde Aditya Wicaksana ., I Made Ditha Herdia Wiranata ., I Made Dwi Indrasanjaya ., I Nengah Agus Arimbawa Dwijayadi ., I Putu Agus Ariana ., I Putu Agus Indrawan ., I Putu Eka Dharma Cahyadi ., Kadek Agus Darma Yadnya ., Kadek Dwinda Yudha Pratama ., Kadek Ningsih ., Ketut Adi Ardipa Sutrisna ., Made Astradanta ., Ni Kd Putri Ariani ., Novitasari Putri ., Nur Azizah ., Putu Aga Widi Ananta ., Putu Mardiyasa Adi Saputra ., Putu Windu Tenaya Aan Yudianto Agus Mas Janurbawa Agus Tria Pradnyana Udayana Agus Tria Pradnyana Udayana, Agus Tria Pradnyana Ajiwerdhi, Anak Agung Gde Putra Amini, Rizki Puji Anak Agung Gde Putra Ajiwerdhi Ariawan, I Gede Artanayasa, Wayan Arya Udayana, Ngurah Nyoman Arya, Ketut Aryani, Ketut Arlin Budiastawa, I Dewa Gede Dessy Seri Wahyuni Dewa Ayu Putu Putri Sanjani Dewa Gede Hendra Divayana, Dewa Gede Hendra Dewantara, Ari Indrawan Diantari, Luh Putu Eka Dwi Septian, I Gusti Ngurah Agung Pramasurya EKA SEPHARMI PUTRI . Gde Angga Putra Sutanjaya Gde Gung Prabawa Gede Aditra Pradnya Gede Aditra Pradnyana Gede Angga Pradipta, Gede Angga Gede Indrawan Gede Saindra Santyadiputra Gede Saindra Santyadiputra, Gede Saindra Gede Saindra Santyadiputra, S.T., M.Cs . Gede Surya Mahendra Hartariani, Luh Lina Herdiawiranata, I Made Ditha I Dewa Gede Arief Bilanova Putra I Dewa Gede Arief Bilanova Putra, I Dewa Gede Arief I Dewa Made Satria Sitangga Wijaya I Gde Aditya Wicaksana . I Gede Agus Saka Prasetya I Gede Ariawan I Gede Aris Gunadi I Gede Bendesa Subawa I Gede Mahendra Darmawiguna I Gede Sudirtha I Gusti Agung Putu Mahendra I Gusti Made Krisna Erawan I Gusti Ngurah Agung Pramasurya Dwi Septian I Gusti Ngurah Antaryama I Gusti Nyoman Tri Jayendra I Kadek Dede Permana I Kadek Dede Permana, I Kadek Dede I Kadek Juniastha I Ketut Juni Sugiarsana I Ketut Resika Arthana I Made Ardwi Pradnyana I Made Candiasa I Made Ditha Herdia Wiranata . I Made Ditha Herdiawiranata I Made Dwi Indrasanjaya . I Made Gede Sunarya I Made Leo Suandinatha I Made Purwa Nugraha . I Made Purwa Nugraha ., I Made Purwa Nugraha I Made Putrama I Made Widnyana, I Made I Made Yoga Antara I Nengah Agus Arimbawa Dwijayadi . I Nyoman Sukajaya I Nyoman Sukapandya Indradinata I Nyoman Sukapandya Indradinata, I Nyoman Sukapandya I Putu Agus Ariana . I Putu Agus Indrawan . I Putu Eka Dharma Cahyadi . I Putu Merta Wirayasa I Putu Tangkas Sedayatana I Wayan Aditya Sudyatmika I Wayan Aditya Sudyatmika, I Wayan Aditya I Wayan Nuarsa I Wayan Suwendra I Wayan Wahyu Nuarsa Ida Bagus Made Ludy Paryatna Ida Bagus Mahendra Ida Bagus Nyoman Pascima Ign Edo Paska Janurbawa, Agus Mas Juni Sugiarsana, I Ketut Juniastha, I Kadek Kadek Agus Darma Yadnya . Kadek Angga Wira Prayudi Kadek Angga Wira Prayudi, Kadek Angga Wira Kadek Dwinda Yudha Pratama Kadek Dwinda Yudha Pratama . Kadek Dwipayana Kadek Ningsih . Kadek Rido Setiawan Kadek Rido Setiawan, Kadek Rido Kadek Yota Ernanda Aryanto Ketut Adi Ardipa Sutrisna . Ketut Agustini Ketut Arlin Aryani Ketut Arya Ketut Sri Addalena Ketut Sukreni Ketut Sukreni, Ketut Ketut Yoga Sarasmayana Komang Adi Wirayasa Komang Wisnu Baskara Putra Kusuma, Ketut Chandra Adinata Kusuma, Thadeo Angga Kusumayanti, Luh Md Dwi Leo Suandinatha, I Made Luh Lina Hartariani Luh Putu Eka Damayanthi Luh Putu Eka Damayanthi Luh Putu Eka Damayanthi, Luh Putu Eka Luh Putu Eka Diantari M.Cs ., Gede Saindra Santyadiputra, S.T., M.Cs Made Agus Panji Sujaya Made Astradanta . Made Frans Aditya Bramantya Kusuma Made Frans Aditya Bramantya Kusuma, Made Frans Aditya Bramantya Made Widnyana Made Windu Antara Kesiman Mahendra, Komang Matius Ivan Bimasena Negara, I Made Wahyu Guna Ngurah Nyoman Arya Udayana Ni Kadek Yuli Susanti Ni Kd Putri Ariani . Ni Ketut Sari Adnyani Ni Komang Yanti Suartini Ni Luh Dian Purnama Ni Luh Dian Purnama, Ni Luh Dian Ni Made Putri Kesumawardani Ni Made Wiratini Ni Nyoman Mestri Agustini Ni Putu Tina Resdiana Ni Wayan Nursarita Prasistayanti Novitasari Putri Novitasari Putri . Novitasari Putri, Novitasari NUR AZIZAH . Nyoman Sugihartini P. WAYAN ARTA SUYASA Padma Nyoman Crisnapati Padma Nyoman Crisnapati Pande Made Mahendri Pramadewi Paska, Ign Edo Pirnanda, I Kadek Aditya Pirnanda, I Kadek Aditya Prabawa, Gde Gung Pradnya, Gede Aditra Prasetya, I Gede Agus Saka Prasistayanti, Ni Wayan Nursarita Pratama, Kadek Dwinda Yudha Pratiwi , Ni Kadek Mira Pratiwi, Ni Kadek Mira Putra, I Made Dwi Cahya Prayogi Putra, I Putu Arya Putra, Komang Wisnu Baskara Putra, Putu Permana Putri Kesumawardani, Ni Made Putu Aditya Antara Putu Aga Widi Ananta . Putu Angga Septiana Putra . Putu Angga Septiana Putra ., Putu Angga Septiana Putra Putu Ary Darma Yasa Putu Ary Darma Yasa, Putu Ary Putu Devi Jayanti Putu Eka Suputra . Putu Eka Suputra ., Putu Eka Suputra Putu Intan Paramita Putu Intan Paramita, Putu Intan Putu Kartika Widya Swari Putu Kartika Widya Swari, Putu Kartika Putu Mardiyasa Adi Saputra . Putu Permana Putra Putu Putri Sanjani, Dewa Ayu Putu Windu Tenaya . Retantyo Wardoyo Rizki Puji Amini Sarasmayana, Ketut Yoga Sindu, I Gede Partha Sri Addalena, Ketut Sukajaya, I N. Sukendry, Ni Made Nafta Susanti, Ni Kadek Yuli Sutanaya, I Gede Pande Yogianto Sutanjaya, Gde Angga Putra Tangkas Sedayatana, I Putu Thadeo Angga Kusuma Tresnawan, I Gusti Putu Yudha UNDIKSHA . Wiani, Ni Wayan Yulya Widhiyanti Metra Putri, Dewi Arum Wijaya, I Dewa Made Satria Sitangga Wirayasa, I Putu Merta Wirayasa, Komang Adi Yoga Antara, I Made Yundari, Yundari Yunita Purnama Sari Yunita Purnama Sari