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Selection of Alternative Domestic Wastewater Treatment Technology with Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Approach: Case Study Settlement Area of Riverbank Karang Mumus of Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Rininta Triananda Noor; Prayatni Soewondo
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY Volume 1, Number 2, April 2018
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Aims: This study aims to analyze and select wastewater treatment technology that can be applied to riverbank settlement areas through environmental impact evaluation using LCA. The technology option is selected through the physical condition of the settlement environment on the river banks and then analyzed descriptively by making a flow chart of the processing technology options and compared with the wastewater treatment technologies that have been applied to residential areas of river banks or other swamp settlements. Methodology and results: The technology options will be analyzed and evaluated for potential environmental impacts of the construction and operation phase, using LCA through SimaPro8.4 software with an impact analysis using CML2 Baseline 2000. The impacts analyzed include acidification, eutrophication, global warming, ozone depletion. The results showed that the selected technological options were septic tanks, tripikon-s, and biofilter. In an environmental impact analysis it is known that the construction phase is a phase that contributes greatly to the potential environmental impacts. The potential for acidification and global warming are the dominant potential impact from the three technology options, with a contribution of 2.01x10-10 kgSO2-eq for the potential of acidification and 1.11x10-10 kgCO2-eq for global warming potential with biofiltration as a main contributor. The eutrophication potential is caused by nutrients (Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus) that come out along with the treated wastewater at the operating stage. The greatest eutrophication potential is generated on the Tripikon-S, at 2.3x10-10 kgPO4-eq. The potential for ozone depletion, biofiltration contributes significantly to 3.09x10-12 kgCFC-11-eq. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Based on the comparison of technology, it is known that Tripikon S has the potential for environmental impact is quite minimal and can be an option to be applied to the river banks.

The Characteristics of Domestic Wastewater from Office Buildings in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia Vandith VA; Ahmad Soleh Setiyawan; Prayatni Soewondo; Dyah Wulandari Putri
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY Volume 1, Number 2, April 2018
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Domestic wastewater generated from various types of buildings has been recognized to be different to some extent. This research aimed to know the quality, quantity, fluctuation of quality, and fluctuation of quantity of domestic wastewater discharged from office buildings. The composite samples were taken from two office buildings. The black water and gray water were taken from Building A with number of people 53 persons, and the mixed wastewater was taken both from Building A and Building B with number of people 900 persons. The fluctuation and quantity of wastewater were measured every hour from 7 am until 4 pm during the working time. The results showed that the quality of wastewater from office building contained 176 to 238 mg/L COD, 73.06 to 106.51 mg/L TN, and 3.66 to 7.70 mg/L TP with the average of C:N:P ratio was 100:42:2.56. Quantity of wastewater discharged from office buildings were from 39.61 to 49.93 liter/person/day. COD concentration changed significantly during the working time with mean ± standard (252.5±89). The quantity of wastewater varied over time and the peak discharge for black water and gray water were 2.85 litter/person/hour and 3.74 liter/person/hour, which occurred during the beginning of working time and the praying time of muslim Indonesian culture. It suggests that the domestic wastewater from office buildings has specific characteristics and it contains high concentration of nutrient that is required appropriate advanced technology for treating this kind of wastewater.

ORGANIC REMOVAL IN DOMESTIC WASTEWATER USING ANAEROBIC TREATMENT SYSTEM-MBBR WITH FLOW RECIRCULATION RATIO AND INTERMITTENT AERATION Michael Subroto; Wisnu Prayogo; Prayatni Soewondo; Ahmad Soleh Setiyawan
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 5, NUMBER 3, OCTOBER 2022
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Aim: The modified Small-scale Domestic Sewage Treatment Plant (SDSTP) reactor with anaerobic fixed bed- aerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) is implemented to find the optimum condition for organic degradation related to recirculation and intermittent aeration practices with the purpose to comply with the governmental regulation standard. Methodology and Results: This research have been done with the artificial wastewater with characteristic similar to the sewage treatment plant (STP) of Telkom company with ratio C:N:P of characterized domestic wastewater is 252.40:85.42:3.01 that consists of glucose, NH4Cl, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, and sodium nitrite (NaNO2). Reactor design related with attached biomass in media until 2478.56 mg MLVSS.L-1 with the growth kinetics rate (μ) of 0.4691 day—1. The artificial wastewater is applied the determine the optimum variation of flow recirculation and periodic aeration in specific Hydraulics Retention Time (HRT) and Organic Loading Rate (OLR). In this research, the optimum recirculation ratio for organic degradation is 26.40 L.h-1 and the optimum aeration frequency variation is 12 hours in intermittent frequency with the maximum efficiency of organic degradation of 76.10% with the degradation efficiency real domestic wastewater application from STP Telkom company is 83.09%. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Stover-Kincannon model is the best model with highest accuracy rate to model the degradation performance of organic compounds by the anaerobic fixed bed- aerobic MBBR SDSTP with determination coefficient 0.8623 and also degradation coefficient 38.121 day-1 compared with other models studied in this research.

Model Prediktif Pertumbuhan Fitoplankton di Waduk Saguling Berbasis Artificial Neural Network Misbul Hadi; Prayatni Soewondo; Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat; Annisa Ritka May
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol 8, No 3 (2023): Juli 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32672/jse.v8i3.6238

Pemodelan memiliki peran penting dalam prediksi kualitas air, khususnya dalam pemantauan lingkungan, kelestarian ekosistem dan akuakultur. Dalam studi ini mengusulkan metode artificial neural network (ANN) model multilayer perceptron dengan jenis algoritma backpropagation untuk memprediksi variabel kualitas air terhadap pembentukan fitoplankton di perairan Waduk Saguling menggunakan data dari PT Indonesia Power dari tahun 2007-2009. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang kuat antara variabel kualitas air khususnya nitrat (NO3-N) dan amonium terhadap pembentukan fitoplankton di Waduk Saguling. Namun, temperatur mempunyai pengaruh yang terbalik dengan variabel lainnya, dimana meningkatnya suhu pada musim kemarau membuat fitoplankton mengalami gangguan produktivitas sehingga membuatnya susah untuk tumbuh. Dari hasil prediksi tingkat pertumbuhan fitoplankton, data prediksi musim hujan menunjukkan performa yang lebih bagus dibandingkan dengan musim kemarau dengan nilai korelasi R2 = 0.99 dan tingkat error prediksinya sangat rendah yaitu MAE = 0.021, MSE= 0.0012, sedangkan data musim kemarau R2 = 0.97 dengan nilai errornya MAE = 0.025, MSE= 0.0015. Dari hasil analisa, model prediksi ANN yang dihasilkan menjadi salah satu alat penting untuk memahami pengaruh variabel kualitas air terhadap pembentukan fitoplankton di Waduk Saguling, sehingga model ANN ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk menjaga kesehatan ekosistem Waduk Saguling.

Effect of Sonication Frequency and Power Intensity on the Disruption of Algal Cells: Under Vacuum and Non-Vacuum Conditions Martin Darmasetiawan; Prayatni Soewondo; Suprihanto Notodarmodjo; Dion Awfa
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 55 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.3.8

The presence of algae caused by anthropogenic eutrophication in water has become a severe environmental issue. Various treatment options for algae removal have been developed, such as filtration, coagulation, sedimentation, flotation, algicides, ozone, and photolysis. However, these technologies are complex, expensive, consume considerable amounts of various chemicals, and may cause further pollution (i.e., by-product formation). Ultrasonic exposure is an alternative method for removing algae from water that is environmentally friendly (i.e., no addition of chemicals) and almost unaffected by any turbidity in the water. In this study, process optimization of ultrasonication (e.g., by adjusting frequency, power intensity, and exposure time) for the removal of alga was tested under vacuum and non-vacuum conditions. Experiments were conducted on a batch of algae solution in a clear glass tube ultrasonicated by a 20 kHz transducer for 180 minutes. The tube was depressurized up to -67 N/m2 in a depressurizing chamber. The data was collected at transducer depths of 0.06, 0.13, and 0.19 m. It was concluded that the optimum condition (i.e., 92% algal cell disruption) was achieved when the power intensity was 7 kWh/m3, under vacuum conditions, at a frequency of 20 kHz and 180 minutes of exposure time. Higher power intensity gave higher energy for cell disruption, moreover by depressurizing the air above the algae solution, the lysis effect for algae reduction increased from 20% to 70% compared to the non-depressurized system due to higher cavitation bubble production. In addition, the depth of the transducer was another factor that could increase the lysis of the algae water. Therefore, this technology has future potential application for algae removal from water.

Sediment capping technology for eutrophication control and its potential for application in Indonesian lakes: a review Astried Sunaryani; Prayatni Soewondo; Arianto Budi Santoso
LIMNOTEK Perairan Darat Tropis di Indonesia Vol. 29 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/limnotek.2023.2366

Eutrophication occurs when the lakes become enriched with nutrients. Some nitrogen and phosphorus fractions will settle in sediment, and others will be released back into the overlying water column. Excess nutrients in water bodies resulting in hypoxic to anoxic conditions that can cause a mass fish death. Hence, we need a sediment management strategy to minimize resuspension and transport of sediment back into the water column. Sediment capping is a containment technology to reduce the release of nutrients from sediment as a strategy for eutrophication control. This study aims to provide insight into sediment capping technology, including several considerations in capping design, as well as information on several active materials that have been applied as capping materials and their efficiencies. Capping materials such as calcite, zeolite, bentonite, activated carbon, sludge, biochar, and gypsum from previous studies showed the efficiency of 54–99 % nutrient reduction with capping duration of 10–300 days in some eutrophic lakes. Sediment capping technology has successfully promoted lake ecosystem restoration in other countries, and this technology has the potential to be applied in Indonesian eutrophic lakes as a strategy for eutrophication control and sustainable management of lake ecosystems by considering the selection of the most effective, efficient, easy, inexpensive, and eco-friendly capping materials.

Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Air Limbah Domestik dan Penyisihannya di IPAL Bojongsoang, Kota Bandung Nurul Setiadewi; Cynthia Henny; Denalis Rohaningsih; Agus Waluyo; Prayatni Soewondo
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Vol 22, No 2 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro Univer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jil.22.2.401-407

Mikroplastik dapat masuk ke Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) melalui jaringan perpipaan air limbah. Keberadaan IPAL berpotensi mengurangi jumlah mikroplastik yang masuk sebagai influen. Meski demikian, efluen IPAL masih mengandung mikroplastik dengan rentang konsentrasi yang bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan mikroplastik serta karakterisasinya pada air limbah yang berasal dari IPAL perkotaan di Bojongsoang Kota Bandung. Metode pengambilan sampel, ekstraksi, kuantifikasi, dan karakterisasi dilakukan berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroplastik terdeteksi di influen IPAL Bojongsoang dengan konsentrasi sebesar 15,45 partikel/liter dan berkurang menjadi sebesar rata-rata 1,49 partikel/liter di efluen. Berdasarkan bentuknya, fiber ditemukan paling dominan berada baik di influen maupun efluen, dengan kisaran 60,51-79,01%. Bentuk lainnya yang mendominasi adalah fragmen dengan rentang persentase 19,41-36,89%. Sementara, bentuk mikroplastik film, foam, dan microbead tidak banyak terdeteksi pada air limbah, dengan persentase rata-rata di bawah 5%. Mikroplastik berukuran 1000-5000 μm paling banyak ditemukan di inlet dibandingkan ukuran yang lebih kecil, dengan persentase sebesar 31,71%. Di titik outlet, mikroplastik banyak ditemukan yang berukuran di bawah 500 μm, dengan kisaran 7,27 - 24,95%. Warna mikroplastik di influen dan efluen yang ditemukan paling banyak adalah putih atau transparan (34,87 - 40,13%) dan hitam (14,54 - 23,14%). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan IPAL Bojongsoang dapat menyisihkan mikroplastik yang terdapat pada air limbah secara efektif, dengan efisiensi penyisihan sebesar 89,97%.

Model Prediktif Pertumbuhan Fitoplankton di Waduk Saguling Berbasis Artificial Neural Network Misbul Hadi; Prayatni Soewondo; Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat; Annisa Ritka May
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol 8, No 3 (2023): Juli 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32672/jse.v8i3.6238

Pemodelan memiliki peran penting dalam prediksi kualitas air, khususnya dalam pemantauan lingkungan, kelestarian ekosistem dan akuakultur. Dalam studi ini mengusulkan metode artificial neural network (ANN) model multilayer perceptron dengan jenis algoritma backpropagation untuk memprediksi variabel kualitas air terhadap pembentukan fitoplankton di perairan Waduk Saguling menggunakan data dari PT Indonesia Power dari tahun 2007-2009. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang kuat antara variabel kualitas air khususnya nitrat (NO3-N) dan amonium terhadap pembentukan fitoplankton di Waduk Saguling. Namun, temperatur mempunyai pengaruh yang terbalik dengan variabel lainnya, dimana meningkatnya suhu pada musim kemarau membuat fitoplankton mengalami gangguan produktivitas sehingga membuatnya susah untuk tumbuh. Dari hasil prediksi tingkat pertumbuhan fitoplankton, data prediksi musim hujan menunjukkan performa yang lebih bagus dibandingkan dengan musim kemarau dengan nilai korelasi R2 = 0.99 dan tingkat error prediksinya sangat rendah yaitu MAE = 0.021, MSE= 0.0012, sedangkan data musim kemarau R2 = 0.97 dengan nilai errornya MAE = 0.025, MSE= 0.0015. Dari hasil analisa, model prediksi ANN yang dihasilkan menjadi salah satu alat penting untuk memahami pengaruh variabel kualitas air terhadap pembentukan fitoplankton di Waduk Saguling, sehingga model ANN ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk menjaga kesehatan ekosistem Waduk Saguling.

Microplastic Removal from Road Stormwater Runoff using Lab-scale Bioretention Cell Fathiya Mufidah; Prayatni Soewondo
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 55 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.5.2

Microplastic removal from stormwater runoff from roads is necessary to reduce the effect of microplastic pollution in water bodies. Bioretention is a potential technology to remove microplastics in stormwater runoff from roads. A lab-scale experiment was conducted to determine the efficiency, effect on vegetation and discharge variation, and the kinetics of microplastic removal from stormwater runoff from roads using a bioretention cell. The experiment was done using an artificial sample based on visual characterization of stormwater runoff from highways, commercial, and residential roads. The vegetations that were examined were Vetivera sp. and Hibiscus sp. The operational discharge was varied based on rainfall intensity categories. The result showed that the removal efficiency was in the range of 92.4 to 99.3% with a mean of 97.2%. Statistical analysis (α = 5%) showed that variation in vegetation and discharge had no significant effect on microplastic removal using bioretention. The first-order kinetic analysis showed that the kinetic removal constant of the bioretention with Vetivera sp., bioretention with Hibiscus sp., and bioretention without vegetation was 0.0356, 0.034, and 0.0327, respectively. These results indicate that bioretention with Hibiscus sp. removed more microplastics at greater depths than with Vetivera sp.

Performance of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor Integrated Septic Tank in Treating Office Building Wastewater Ahmad Soleh Setiyawan; Farisah Inarah Rahmat Hasby; Va Vandith; Prayatni Soewondo; Chihiro Yoshimura; Dyah Wulandari Putri
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 55 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.4.8

This research aimed to find the effect of initial concentration and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on modified septic tank (MST) performance in treating wastewater from an office building. The synthetic wastewater used had an average COD:TN:TP ratio of 84:28:1, adjusted to office building wastewater characteristics. The experiment was executed under steady conditions using three variations of HRT (12, 24, and 36 hours) and different initial concentrations of COD (106, 252 and 432 mg COD/L), TN (35, 85 and 146 mg N/L) and TP (1.26, 3 and 5.14 mg P/L). The result showed that the MST removed 82% to 92% of COD, 41% to 60% of TN, 45% to 61% of NH4, and 39% to 55% of TP. The maximum removal was achieved at 36 h of HRT, COD:TN (3:1), and COD:TP (84:1). One-way ANOVA showed that the initial concentration and HRT had significant effects on the performance of MST (p < 0.05). This suggests that appropriate control of the initial concentration and HRT in the MST can effectively remove organics and nutrients from office building wastewater.

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