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All Journal FIAT JUSTISIA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI Unes Law Review Al-Adalah: Jurnal Hukum dan Politik Islam SIGn Jurnal Hukum Journal of Lex Theory (JLT) Journal of Lex Philosophy (JLP) Journal of Lex Generalis (JLG) Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review (GRLSPR) Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum HORIZON PUBLIC LEGAL STUDIES
Hasbuddin Khalid
Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Muslim Indonesia
Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen pada Jasa Kredit Pemilikan Rumah di Bank BRI Syariah Area Makassar. Rezky Gadis Amelia; Hasbuddin Khalid; Angggreany Arief
Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 1 No 2: September 2020 – Februari 2021
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

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Abstract

Having a habitable place to live is every human dream and need. To obtain housing provided two payment methods, namely pay cash or credit. Credit facility in obtaining housing is called Home Ownership Credit which is financing done by the bank to customers to buy ready-to-live homes. Before this financing is carried out of course begins with a credit agreement that must be agreed by both parties in order to be evidence in the fulfillment of the rights and obligations of each party. This article analyzes consumer protection on home mortgage services. Using normative-empirical research methods. The results of this study show that consumer protection in home ownership credit services by BRI Syariah Area Makassar banks, especially in buy and sell agreements or murabahah agreements have not been provide protection to service users in this case consumers of Home Ownership Credit Bank BRI Syariah, this is reviewed in terms of the application of standard agreements in murabahah agreements that position customers to be weak, this is because customers are not included in the making of agreements that become agreements of both parties. And there are also achievements needed by the customer or the public that makes the customer has no choice but to approve the contents of the agreement despite the weight of the party. Therefore, despite implementing the standard agreement, it is expected that the bank can provide consumer protection to its customers by including the customer or the public in making the agreement so that the position between the two parties becomes balanced. Abstrak Memiliki tempat tinggal layak huni merupakan impian dan kebutuhan setiap manusia. Untuk memperoleh perumahan disediakan dua metode pembayaran yaitu bayar tunai atau kredit. Fasilitas kredit dalam memperoleh perumahan disebut dengan Kredit Pemilikan Rumah yaitu pembiayaan yang dilakukan oleh pihak perbankan kepada nasabah untuk membeli rumah siap huni. Sebelum pembiayaan ini dilakukan tentu diawali dengan perjanjian kredit yang harus disepakati oleh kedua belah pihak agar menjadi bukti dalam pemenuhan hak dan kewajiban masing-masing pihak. Artikel ini menganalisis tentang perlindungan konsumen pada jasa kredit pemilkan rumah. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif-empiris. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan konsumen dalam jasa kredit pemilikan rumah oleh bank BRI Syariah Area Makassar khususnya dalam perjanjian jual beli atau akad murabahah belum memberikan perlindungan kepada pengguna jasa dalam hal ini konsumen Kredit Pemilikan Rumah Bank BRI Syariah, hal ini ditinjau dari segi penerapan perjanjian baku dalam akad murabahah yang memposisikan nasabah menjadi lemah, hal ini dikarenakan nasabah tidak diikutsertakan dalam pembuatan perjanjian yang menjadi kesepakatan kedua belah pihak. Dan juga adanya prestasi yang dibutuhkan pihak nasabah atau masyarakat yang membuat nasabah tidak memiliki pilihan selain menyetujui isi perjanjian tersebut meskipun berat sebelah. Untuk itu, meskipun menerapkan perjanjian baku, namun diharapkan pihak bank dapat memberikan perlindungan konsumen terhadap nasabahnya dengan mengikutsertakan pihak nasabah atau masyarakat dalam pembuatan perjanjian tersebut agar kedudukan antar kedua belah pihak menjadi seimbang.
Tanggung Jawab Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat Pada Pelayanan Kesehatan Peserta Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Lusy Fradina; Hasbuddin Khalid; Muhammad Rinaldy Bima
Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 1 No 2: September 2020 – Februari 2021
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

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Health services at the first level are carried out by puskesmas in accordance with the regulation of the health social security administering body number 1 of 2014 concerning health insurance administrators. This study is to determine the responsibilities and inhibiting factors in the provision of health services, especially participants in social security administering bodies at the Watampone Health Center. This study uses an empirical method. The results of this study indicate that the responsibility of the Puskesmas Watampone in providing health services is legally responsible for all losses caused by negligence by medical and non-medical personnel at the Watampone Health Center. As for the inhibiting factors in the provision of health services at the Watampone Health Center in the form of facilities and infrastructure, inadequate human resources and financial management and utilization of funds from the social security administering bodies, they are not optimal.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PASIEN TERHADAP TINDAKAN MALPRAKTIK OLEH DOKTER DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA Sukma; Hambali Thalib; Hasbuddin Khalid
Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 1 No 2: September 2020 – Februari 2021
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

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Abstract

This study aims to determine how Legal Protection of Patients against Malpractice Actions by Doctors in a Criminal Law Perspective. forms the implementation of criminal law protection to victims of crime as regulated medical inside (Health Law and Legislation). The results obtained are regulation of legalprotection given to victims of the criminal acts committed by the medical (doctor) Malpractice is notspecifically regulated by legislation, but when viewed from a legal standpoint as a whole then, severallegislations strongly associated with this criminal act, namely the Criminal Code, Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, Law Number 29 of 2004 Concerning Doctor's Practice, Law Number 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals, Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Criminal liability on doctors for errors and omissions in providing medical services at the hospital, where doctors responsibility in the field of criminal law can be categorized as a criminal act if they meet the formulation Malpractice criminal offense.
Tinjauan Yuridis Pembatalan Akta Jual Beli Tanah Yang Dibuat Oleh Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah Fikrah Adi Wangsa; Hasbuddin Khalid; Nurul Qamar
Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 1 No 2: September 2020 – Februari 2021
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

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Abstract

One of the legal actions in land issues is the sale and purchase of land, which is a legal act in the form of handing over land rights to another party forever. Article 1457 of the Civil Code is an agreement, whereby one party (the seller) binds himself to deliver (title to) an object and the other party (the buyer) to pay the price promised. Transfer of title to land can only be transferred if there is evidence in the form of a deed made by the authorized official. Because the legal action referred to here is an agreement to transfer land rights, grant a new right to land, it must be proven by a deed where this deed is drawn up by and in front of the official land deed maker (PPAT). PPAT is a public official who is given the authority to make authentic deeds regarding certain legal actions regarding land rights or property rights over apartment units. Sometimes for some reason, someone can cancel what he has given to other people due to unfulfilled achievements. So with a sale and purchase whose rights have been transferred to another person or even their own children are revoked or withdrawn, what is meant by revoking and withdrawing is cancelling the grant and buying and selling. PPAT deed cancellation through a court decision, not only because of the result of mistakes or negligence of PPAT in making the deed. But the cancellation of the PPAT deed can also be caused by mistakes or negligence of the parties who bind themselves to the deed, so that an error or negligence causes a lawsuit from one of the parties. Abstrak:Salah satu perbuatan hukum dalam permasalahan Tanah yakni Jual beli tanah yang merupakan suatu perbuatan hukum yang berupa penyerahan tanah hak kepada pihak lain untuk selama-lamanya. KUHPerdata Pasal 1457 adalah suatu perjanjian, dengan mana pihak yang satu (penjual) mengikatkan dirinya untuk menyerahkan (hak milik atas) suatu benda dan pihak yang lain (pembeli) untuk membayar harga yang telah dijanjikan. Beralihnya hak milik atas tanah baru bisa beralih jika sudah ada bukti yang berupa akta yang dibuat oleh pejabat yang berwenang. Oleh karena perbuatan hukum yang dimaksud disini adalah perjanjian memindahkan hak atas tanah, memberikan suatu hak baru atas tanah, maka harus dibuktikan dengan suatu akta yang dimana akta ini dibuat oleh dan dihadapan pejabat pembuat akta tanah (PPAT). PPAT adalah pejabat umum yang diberi kewenangan untuk membuat akta-akta otentik mengenai perbuatan hukum tertentu mengenai hak atas tanah atau Hak Milik Atas Satuan Rumah Susun. Kadang kala karena suatu hal seseorang itu dapat membatalkan apa yang telah ia berikan kepada orang lain yang karena tidak terpenuhinya prestasi. Begitu dengan Jual beli yang haknya sudah dialihkan kepada orang lain atau bahkan anaknya sendiri dicabut atau menariknya kembali, yang dimaksud mencabut dan menariknya kembali adalah membatalkan hibah dan jual beli. Pembatalan akta PPAT melalui putusan pengadilan, bukan hanya karena akibat dari kesalahan atau kelalaian PPAT saja di dalam membuat akta. Tetapi pembatalan akta PPAT juga dapat disebabkan oleh kesalahan atau kelalaian para pihak yang saling mengikatkan diri dalam akta tersebut, sehingga dengan adanya kesalahan atau kelalaian menyebabkan adanya gugatan dari salah satu pihak.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Pada Obat Yang Tidak Memiliki Izin Edar Ermita Faradilla; Hasbuddin Khalid; Muryani Sufran
Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 2 No 1: Maret – Agustus 2021
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

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Abstract: This study aims to determine how the legal protection for drug consumers without a distribution permit at the Makassar Drug and Food Control Center andto find out what factors cause drugs without distribution permits. This study uses empirical legal research methods, namely legal research that seeks to see the law in a real sense or can be said to see, examine how the law works in society. Empirical research methods can be said that legal research is taken from the facts that exist in a society, legal entity, or government agency. The results of this study indicate a form of legal protection for drug consumers without a distribution permit at the Makassar Drug and Food Control Center by carrying out pre-market and post-market supervision, both supervisions carried out from the inspection substance group, namely inspection and action group by conducting intelligence operations and providing criminal sanctions. and administration for perpetrators.The factors that cause drugs that do not have a distribution permit are abuse factors, lack of education about the dangers of drug abuse, business actors who do not have the expertise and authority. Recommendations for research by BPOM as an authorized institution should further improve its supervision in this case. The cooperation between the local government and the community is also expected to take part and be actively involved in the implementation of the supervision of drugs and foods that do not have distribution permits. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaiamana perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen obat tanpa izin edar di balai pengawasan obat dan makanan makassar dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa yang menyebabkan adanya obat tanpa izin edar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris yaitu penelitian hukum yang berupaya untuk melihat hukum dalam arti yang nyata atau dapat dikatakan melihat, meneliti bagaimana bekerjanya hukum di masyarakat. Metode penelitian empiris dapat dikatakan bahwa penelitian hukum yang diambil dari fakta-fakta yang ada di dalam suatu masyarakat, badan hukum atau badan pemerintah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen obat tanpa izin edar di balai pengawasan obat dan makanan makassar deengan melakukan pengawasan pre market dan Pos market baik pengawasan yang diilakukan dari kelompok substansi pemeriksaan yaitu inspeksi maupun kelompok substansi penindakan dengan melakukan operasi intelijen serta pemberian sanksi pidana maupun administrasi bagi pelaku. Adapun faktor-faktor penyebab adanya obat yang tidak memiliki izin edar adalah faktor penyalahgunaan, kurangnya edukasi tentang bahaya penyalahgunaan obat, pelaku usaha yang tidak memiliki keahlian dan kewenangan. Rekomendasi penelitan BPOM sebagai lembaga yang berwenang harus lebih meningkatkkan pengawasannya dalam kasus ini. Kerjasama pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat juga diharapkan ikut andil dan terlibat aktif dalam pelaksanaan pengawasan obat maupun makanan yang tidak memiliki izin edar.
ANALISIS HUKUM PUTUSAN NO.29/PDT.G/2019/PN SGM TENTANG KEKUATAN PEMBUKTIAN PADA PERKARA PERDATA Fachrizal Azhar; Sufirman Rahman; Hasbuddin Khalid
Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 2 No 1: Maret – Agustus 2021
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

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Abstract: This study aims to determine the legal strength of decision evidence in the localexamination process of civil dispute cases and what hinders the process ofexamining civil dispute evidence. The research method used in writing this thesis isan empirical method, with secondary and primary data coverage, this research wasconducted at the Sungguminasa District Court. The results of this study indicate thatevery fact found in the trial makes the judge bound to use it as a basis forconsideration in making a decision. However, the binding power is not absolute, sothe judge is free to determine the value of the strength of the evidence and thefacilities/facilities factor, because the laboratory to support the evidence issufficient, the community factor, the general public in the knowledge ofenvironmental pollution. Recommendations for the judge's research are expected inexamining cases to be able to examine carefully and thoroughly the evidencebetween the litigants, in making it must meet the requirements of an authentic deedor not legally flawed and not in conflict with the applicable laws and regulations. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekuatan hukum bukti putusan dalamproses pemeriksaan setempat perkara sengketa perdata dan apa saja menghambatdalam proses pemeriksaan bukti sengketa perdata. Metode penelitian yangdigunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode empiris, dengan cakupan dataskunder dan primer, penelitian ini dilakukan di Pengadilan Negeri Sungguminasa.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Setiap fakta yang ditemukan dalampersidangan membuat hakim terikat untuk menjadikannya sebagai dasarpertimbangan mengambil putusan. Akan tetapi daya ikatnya tidak mutlak, jadihakim bebas menentukan nilai kekuatan buktinya dan faktor sarana/fasilitas,karena laboratorium untuk mendukung bukti, yang cukup, faktor masyarakat, masihawamnya masyarakat dalam pengetahuan bidang pencemaran lingkungan.Rekomendasi penelitian hakim diharapkan dalam memeriksa perkara dapatmemeriksa dengan cermat dan teliti bukti-bukti antara pihak-pihak yangberperkara, dalam pembuatannya harus memenuhi syarat-syaratakta otentik ataujangan cacat hukum dan tidak bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undanganyang berlaku.
Mediasi Elektronik Sebagai Perwujudan Asas Peradilan Cepat, Sederhana, dan Biaya Ringan Jasmaniar Jasmaniar; Hasbuddin Khalid
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): UNES LAW REVIEW (Desember 2023)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Ekasakti Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i2.1369

Abstract

This paper analyzes the problem of electronic mediation as a manifestation of the principles of fast, simple and low-cost justice. The main problem in researching the essence of the principle of fast, simple, low-cost justice through electronic trials and the beneficial value of mediation carried out electronically. This research is normative juridical research with primary and secondary legal materials analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The essence of the principle of fast, simple and low-cost justice is legal certainty for the parties involved in the case without prejudice to the value of justice and benefit, while the value of the benefit of electronic mediation is the ease in resolving disputes, the relatively short time compared to settlement by judge's decision, and the costs involved. affordable.
Uncovering the Truth Through Post-mortem: A Normative Analysis of Murder Victim Autopsies Juswanto Ade Setiawan; Hasbuddin Khalid; Muhammad Azham Ilham
HORIZON PUBLIC LEGAL STUDIES Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Vol 2 No 1 (2025): Horizon Public Legal Studies
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/khjnpc81

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the legal procedures for conducting post-mortems on murder victims in Indonesia and to determine the implications of post-mortems on human rights, particularly the rights of victims and their families, during the investigation of murder crimes. The research, entitled "Normative Analysis of Post-mortems on Murder Victims," utilizes a normative legal research method. This method emphasizes the analysis of statutory regulations, legal doctrine, and various related legal literature. Forensic autopsies play a crucial role in the criminal law evidentiary system, particularly in murder cases. They serve as a tool to determine the legitimate and objective cause of death and contribute significantly to the development of post mortem examinations (visum et repertum) as legally recognized evidence. Normatively, the procedure for post-mortem examinations has a clear legal basis, regulated by the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), the Health Law, and other relevant regulations. Autopsies may be performed without the family's consent for law enforcement purposes, but must still be conducted with respect for human rights, cultural values, and professional ethics. 
Criminal Liability in Artificial Intelligence-Based Medical Malpractice: Normative Voids and Challenges of Modern Health Law Nirwan Afandy; Hasbuddin Khalid; Satrih Hasyim
Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): July - December
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grlspr.v6i1.2383

Abstract

This study aims to examine the construction of criminal liability in cases of medical malpractice involving artificial intelligence and to identify the normative gaps within contemporary health law that hinder effective accountability. It further seeks to formulate a responsive legal framework capable of addressing the challenges posed by the integration of advanced technologies in medical practice. The research employs normative legal methodology using statute and conceptual approaches. The statute approach analyzes existing legal provisions governing healthcare and criminal liability, while the conceptual approach explores doctrinal principles such as fault, negligence, and responsibility in technologically mediated environments. Data are analyzed using a descriptive prescriptive method to both explain current legal conditions and propose normative solutions. The findings reveal that existing legal frameworks remain anthropocentric and are unable to adequately address the distributed nature of responsibility in AI mediated healthcare. The absence of explicit regulations on the use of artificial intelligence creates a normative vacuum, leading to uncertainty in attributing criminal liability among physicians, developers, and healthcare institutions. The study also finds that traditional doctrines such as mens rea and actus reus are increasingly difficult to apply in cases where decision making involves algorithmic systems. As a result, there is a need to reconceptualize criminal responsibility through more adaptive models, including shared responsibility and selective strict liability. This research concludes that legal reform is essential to ensure accountability, legal certainty, and patient protection in the era of digital healthcare. It proposes the development of integrated and forward looking legal frameworks that align technological innovation with fundamental principles of criminal law.
Non-Performing Loans in Banking: Analyzing Risk Mitigation Failures and Reconstructing Legal Protection Frameworks Teguh Ikhrawansyah S; Hasbuddin Khalid; S. Salle
Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): July - December
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grlspr.v6i1.2388

Abstract

This study aims to critically examine the persistence of non-performing loans within the banking system by analyzing the failures of credit risk mitigation and reconstructing the legal protection framework governing creditor–debtor relationships. The research departs from the assumption that credit default is not solely an economic phenomenon but also a legal and institutional problem rooted in regulatory fragmentation, weak enforcement mechanisms, and imbalanced contractual arrangements. To address this issue, the study employs a normative legal research method, utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches. The statutory approach is used to analyze relevant regulations on banking, contracts, and insolvency, while the conceptual approach explores legal doctrines related to risk mitigation, fairness, and legal protection. Data are analyzed using a descriptive-prescriptive technique, which not only explains the existing legal framework but also formulates normative recommendations for reform. The findings reveal that current risk mitigation practices are overly formalistic and heavily dependent on collateral, without sufficient consideration of debtor capacity and legal enforceability. At the same time, the legal framework demonstrates significant deficiencies, including contractual imbalance, fragmented regulations, and inefficient dispute resolution mechanisms, which collectively weaken both preventive and corrective responses to credit default. This study finds that the disconnection between risk management practices and legal protection frameworks exacerbates systemic vulnerabilities within the banking sector. Accordingly, this research proposes an integrated reconstruction of legal protection and credit risk mitigation, emphasizing balanced contractual standards, effective enforcement mechanisms, regulatory harmonization, and a justice-oriented legal framework. Such reconstruction is essential to ensure a more equitable, resilient, and sustainable banking system.
Co-Authors A. Nurlatifah Ade Savirah Ade Savirah Mahmud Aisyah Yusriyyah Ahdal Andi Muhammad Aliffar Affan Andika Prawira Buana Angggreany Arief Anjar Alatas Sasmita Annisa Devi Qurnita Azis Ermita Faradilla Fachrizal Azhar Fikrah Adi Wangsa Hambali Thalib Husaima Husaima Indah Dwi Putri Jasmaniar Jasmaniar Juswanto Ade Setiawan Laila Safira Febriani Lauddin Marsuni Lusy Fradina Ma'ruf Hafidz Ma’ruf Hafidz Muh. Azham Ilham Muhammad Ridwan Saleh Muhammad Rinaldy Bima Mulyati Pawennei Mulyati Pawennei Muryani Sufran Nirwan Afandy Nurul Qamar Putri Kamelia Rustam Rezky Gadis Amelia S. Salle Satrih Satrih St Nurdaliah St Nurdaliah Sufirman Rahman Sukma Syahruddin Nawi Teguh Ikhrawansyah S Wahyu Furgani Fauzi Wira Dharma Pratiwi Yanto Musa