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From Labuhan Deli to Belawan: The Removal of Harbor in Medan during the Dutch Colonial Period of 1863-1942 Suprayitno Suprayitno; Ratna Ratna; Rohani Ganie; Handoko Handoko
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v3i2.999

Abstract

One of the effects of industrial development in plantation is the development in shipping and trade. Before the existence of plantations in East Sumatera, shipping and trade in Medan were centered at Labuhan Deli, as a river seaport. Periodically, shipping and trade activities at Labuhan Deli were in export and import from and to Malaya Peninsula (Penang and Malacca) and Singapore. The growth of plantations, of course, needed effective and efficient transportation. After the economy grew and was developed, Labuhan Deli as a river seaport was considered not effective and efficient anymore since ships with large cargoes could not sail on the river. Therefore, the Netherlands East Indies Government made a policy to build a new seaport which was located by the seaside in order to make loading and unloading goods easier. The Netherlands East Indies Government finally selected Belawan to be a new seaport for Medan. The research problems were as follows: how was the existence of Labuhan Deli by the policy of the Netherlands East Indies Government in moving the seaport to Belawan and what was the reason? How were the shipping and trade in Belawan seaport? These questions would be discussed in this research by using archives as the source and several writings published in Medan during the Dutch colonial period. The objective of the research was to describe the economic condition of the plantations which could change various aspects, specifically in shipping and trade. The research used historical research method which largely used archives from the Dutch colonial period, especially the statistics of shipping and trade, and the reports from BOW (Public Works Agency).
The Moving of Seaport from Labuhan Deli to Belawan in the Period of 1863-1942 Suprayitno Suprayitno; Ratna Ratna; Rohani Rohani; Ganie Ganie; Handoko Handoko
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 3, No 4 (2020): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v3i4.1363

Abstract

Plantation economic growth has the impact on development in various aspects. One of them is shipping and trade development. Before the existence of plantations in East Sumatera, shipping and trade in Medan were centered at Labuhan Deli as a river-port. Since big ships could not sail on the river, it was considered not effective and efficient anymore. Therefore, the Dutch   Colonial Government planned to build a seaport located on the sea coast so that loading and unloading would be easy to do, and they selected Belawan to be the new seaport. The research problems were how about the existence of Labuhan Deli by the policy of the Dutch Government on moving the seaport to Belawan and what was their reason for it, and how about shipping and trade business in Belawan. This research used archives and other writing materials from the period of the Dutch Colonial Government in Medan and used historical method. The objective of the research was to find out whether plantation economic condition could change various aspects, including shipping and trade at the time. The result of this research was expected to become the reference for the writing on advanced maritime history, particularly on seaport. 
Comparative Analysis of Convolutional Neural Network Methods in Detecting Mask Wear Handoko Handoko; Fahrul Rozy; Felix Elbert Gani; Abdi Dharma
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v5i2.5605

Abstract

Covid19 is a disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). As a result, the respiratory system becomes disrupted. The spread of this disease is very easy through droplets. The use of masks is one way to prevent being attacked by this virus. The system for detecting the use of masks is very necessary for today in detecting whether someone is wearing a mask. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a method that can be used to detect masks. In this study, the VGG16, Resnet50, and MobileNet models will be used. Before conducting data training, data preprocessing and data augmentation were carried out on the dataset. The test accuracy of the VGG16, Resnet50, and MobileNet models are 96% and 96% and 98%, respectively. From the test results, it is found that the MobileNet model is more appropriate in the case of mask detection. The conclusion obtained is the use of the MobileNet architecture, the resources used for classifying can be reduced compared to other architectures. MobileNet uses the Depth-Wise Separable method in the computing process which reduces the computational process.