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All Journal Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Reaktor International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Jurnal Chemurgy Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Jurnal Rekayasa Proses FLUIDA Jurnal Teknik ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Tirto Prakoso
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty Of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences

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Evaluation of the effects of fatty ester isomerization and turpentine-derived additive introduction on biodiesel cold flow properties and oxidation stability Indarto, Antonius; Pradana, Yano Surya; Kembara Alam, Alif; Makertihartha, I Gusti Bagus Ngurah; Prakoso, Tirto; Soerawidjaja, Tatang Hernas
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61192

Abstract

Biodiesel is a cleaner and renewable combustion fuel that globally serves as an effective alternative to fossil diesel. The current application of this biofuel is still restricted to specific concentration due to its poor cold flow properties (CFPs) and low oxidation stability (OS). Later, isomerization process was offered to improve cold flow properties as well as oxidation stability. In this study, palm-biodiesel isomerization was carried out atmospherically using SO4/SnO2 catalyst, prepared via wet nitration method, in the stirred batch reactor at temperature of 200oC, catalyst loading of 10 wt%, stirring speed of 900 rpm, and under N2 flow. The performance of catalyst and the effect of fatty ester isomerization on CFPs and OS were investigated. For comparative study, the effect of bio-additive (turpentine oil and α-terpineol) introduction, at concentrations of 1−10 vol%, on CFPs and OS was also evaluated. The isomerization results demonstrated a conversion ratio of 12.54±0.60%, an isomerization selectivity of 75.92±5.79%, and an overall turnover frequency of 1.75×10−1±8.5×10−3 h−1. This reaction had a small reduction in pour point (ΔPP = ‒1oC), a minor elevation in cloud point (ΔCP = 0.50±0.15oC), and a slight improving effect in OS (ΔOS = 1.36 h). Furthermore, the optimum insertion of bio-additive was α-terpineol at concentration of 5 vol%, demonstrating a more significant enhancement in CFP parameters (ΔPP = ‒1oC; ΔCP = ‒1.75±0.15oC). Nevertheless, it significantly reduced OS level (ΔOS = ‒11 h), although the absolute value (OS = 10.36 h) remains compliant with international standards.
Purification Optimization of Biodiesel Derived from Glyceroxide-Catalyzed Transesterification Azura, Nur; Prakoso, Tirto; Pratiwi, Meiti
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Volume 9, No 2 December 2025
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v9i2.113221

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The washing stage is a critical step in biodiesel purification because it determines the total glycerol and water contents, which directly affect final fuel quality. This study aims to optimize the washing conditions of biodiesel produced from palm oil transesterification using sodium glyceroxide catalyst and to compare its characteristics with biodiesel produced using NaOH catalyst. Optimization was carried out using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD), in which the washing water to biodiesel ratio and washing temperature were used as independent variables, while total glycerol content and biodiesel water content were used as response variables. ANOVA analysis indicated that the quadratic model was statistically significant for both responses (p < 0.05), with the washing water to biodiesel ratio being the most dominant factor. The surface and contour plots revealed non-linear behavior at each optimization point. The optimum washing conditions were achieved at a water to biodiesel ratio of 1:1.9 and a washing temperature of 59 oC. The washing results demonstrated that biodiesel produced using sodium glyceroxide catalyst had lower total glycerol content and water content compared to biodiesel using NaOH catalyst, with reductions of 14.28% and 16.30%, respectively. These findings indicate that the use of sodium glyceroxide catalyst produces biodiesel that is easier to purify through the washing process and has better overall quality compared to biodiesel produced with NaOH catalyst. Keywords:Biodiesel, CCD, RSM, Sodium glyceroxide, Washing
Co-Authors Akiko Tanaka Akiko Tanaka Aqsha Aqsha Arry K. Rizky Aryan Fathoni Amri Astri Nur Istyami Astri Nur Istyami Azura, Nur Bryan Bryan Bustomi, Agus Tendi Ahmad Dadan Kusdiana Dadan Kusdiana Daniel Yonathan, Daniel Danu Wicaksana DARMANSYAH . Endar Puspawiningtiyas Eviani, Mitra Fanany, Muhammad Rifki Febriyanto, Pramahadi Godlief F. Neonufa Gozali, Edbert Guan, Guoqing Gultom, Cristy Hagi Guoqing Guan Hanifah Widiastuti Hary Devianto Heri Rustamaji Ida Bagus Oka Lyong Budhatama Indarto, Antonius Indra G. Pasaribu Isdiriayani Nurdin Istyami, Astri Nur Jenny Rizkiana Jenny Rizkiana Johnner P. Sitompul Kembara Alam, Alif Kurniawan, Indra B M.T.A.P. Kresnowati Makertihartha, I Gusti Bagus Ngurah Maria Mahardini Sakanti Mario C. Gultom Meiti Pratiwi Meiti Pratiwi Meiti Pratiwi Melyna, Ella Mitra Eviani Nainggolan, Federiko Markus Lasardo Nugroho, R Heru Parncheewa Udomsap Parncheewa Udomsap Pilanda Lembono Pradana, Yano Surya Pramujo Widiatmoko Pramujo Widiatmoko Pramujo Widiatmoko Pramujo Widiatmoko Pratiwi, Meiti Retno G. Dewi Rizkiana, Jenny Roy Winarso S Subagjo Saputera, Wibawa Hendra Sarastri Cintya Hapsari Sari, Myra Wardati Septhian Marno Setyo Yanus Sasongko Shinichi Goto Shinichi Goto Simparmin br Ginting Soerawidjaja, Tatang H. Subagjo Subagjo Tantra Diwa Larasati Tatang H Soerawidjaja Tatang H. Soerawidjaja Tatang H. Soerawidjaja Tatang H. Soerawidjaja Tatang H. Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Toshihiro Hirotsu Toshihiro Hirotsu Widdy Andya Fanny Widiatmoko, Pramujo Yoel Pasae