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GALA DAN RAHN: ANALISIS KORELASI DARI PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM Azharsyah Ibrahim
Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (339.672 KB) | DOI: 10.22373/share.v1i1.716

Abstract

Gala is a term used by the society of Aceh, "a formal Islamic state in Indonesia” referring to an economic transaction similar to the concept of the pawn in Western. The concept has long been practiced in society and left many unsolved problems. Lately, academic scholars have questioned the implementation of the concept. Although it has roots in Islam, some scholars suspect that the concept has been misguiding in its practices. This paper intends to analyze the implementation of the Gala concept in Acehnese society through their economic transactions. It also aims to make a comparison to an Islamic economic’s concept known as Rahn. The primary data is mainly gathered through observation in the length of 5 years in the selected areas in Aceh. To support the data, an in-depth interview technique with relevant people was also used. In addition, the secondary data from journal’s articles, books, and other related literature were also utilized. Data were analyzed using content and comparative analysis. The findings show that the basic purpose of Gala in the Acehnese society is relevant to the Rahn scheme. At the implementation level, however, the concept is closely related to the interest lending scheme which is considered as riba (usury) in Islam. Consequently, the balanced economy as one of the core concepts in the Islamic economic is not achieved. It is reflected from the continuance benefits gaining for one party while another party gaining nothing except the core objects which have to be repaid. In Islam, the principal meaning of Rahn is helping each other among Islamic society (ummah). Thus, it is prohibited of gaining any material benefit which leads to riba practices. Finally, this article suggests the related parties return to the core concept of the Gala which is actually the same as Rahn, or else they should abandon it to avoid harming the ummah. ========================================================================================================Gala adalah salah satu dari sekian banyak bentuk praktik ekonomi yang berkembang dalam masyarakat Aceh sejak lama. Konsep tersebut pada dasarnya tercipta dari nilai-nilai yang dianut oleh masyarakat Aceh dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sejak lama. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi konsep Gala yang dipraktikkan masyarakat Aceh dalam transaksi-transaksi ekonomi dari sudut pandang ekonomi Islam yang menggunakan skema Rahn. Data utama artikel ini diperoleh dari hasil observasi penulis selama beberapa tahun di daerah-daerah yang melakukan praktik Gala dalam beberapa transaksi ekonominya sehari-hari. Selain itu, untuk mendukung hasil observasi, in-depth interview dengan para pihak yang terlibat juga dilakukan. Untuk memperkuat temuan lapangan, penulis juga melakukan kajian literatur terhadap hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan praktik Gala. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan content dan comparative analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik Gala dalam masyarakat Aceh pada dasarnya relevan dengan skema Rahn (gadai), akan tetapi pada tahap implementasi masih sarat dengan unsur riba dimana balanced-economy tidak terjadi. Hal ini terlihat dari adanya pengambilan manfaat oleh pihak tertentu yang mengakibatkan tertindasnya satu pihak oleh pihak lainnya. Dalam ekonomi Islam, konsep dasar gadai adalah tolong menolong sehingga tidak dihalalkan mengambil manfaat sebagai efek dari tolong menolong tadi. Pengambilan manfaat ini dapat menjerumuskan transaksi tersebut ke dalam riba. Artikel ini merekomendasikan pihak-pihak berwenang untuk melakukan banyak sosialisasi dengan melibatkan semua para tokoh masyarakat untuk meluruskan kembali praktik Gala sesuai dengan konsep ekonomi dalam ajaran Islam.
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN RISIKO PEMBIAYAAN MUSYARAKAH PADA BAITUL QIRADH BINA INSAN MANDIRI BANDA ACEH Badratun Nisak; Azharsyah Ibrahim
Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (398.28 KB) | DOI: 10.22373/share.v3i1.1054

Abstract

Risk management is a set of procedures and methodologies that used to identify, measure, monitor, and control risks that could be aroused from the business of banks. This article aims to analyze the implementation of risk management system at Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri and its impact on musharaka financing. The sample for this research is Micro Small Business Group at Kuta Alam’s regency which was financed by the Baitul Qiradh. Data for this research was gathered through interviews, observation, and documentation study. The findings suggest that there were three risk possibilities that could escalate at the financing project, namely business risk, shrinking risk, and character risk. Among these risks, the Baitul Qiradh experiences two of them, which were business and character risks. Therefore, the efforts were made to minimize the risk of Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri by applying the 5C concept, namely character, capability, capital, condition, and collateral). ========================================================================================================Manajemen risiko adalah serangkaian prosedur dan metodologi yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi, mengukur, memantau, dan mengendalikan risiko yang timbul dari kegiatan usaha bank. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis sistem manajemen risiko yang diimplementasikan pada Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri dan dampaknya terhadap kelancaran pembayaran dalam pembiayaan musyarakah. Pembahasan kajian hanya terfokus ke manajemen risiko pembiayaan musyarakah pada kelompok usaha dalam Rumpun Kuta Alam yang dibina oleh Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri Banda Aceh. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam melakukan pembiayaan tersebut Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri tidak terlepas dari kemungkinan terjadinya 3 aspek risiko, yaitu: risiko bisnis yang dibiayai (busness risk), risiko berkurangnya nilai pembiayaan (shrinking risk), dan risiko karakter buruk mudharib (character risk). Dari ketiga aspek risiko tersebut, risiko pembiayaan musyarakah yang muncul dalam tiga kelompok usaha pada Rumpun Kuta Alam adalah risiko bisnis yang dibiayai (business risk) dan risiko karakter buruk mudharib (character risk). Upaya yang dilakukan untuk meminimalisir risiko tersebut, Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri menerapkan secara ketat konsep 5C yaitu karakter (character), kapasitas atau kemampuan (capacity), modal (capital), kondisi (condition) dan jaminan (collateral).
NOTES FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK - VOL. 09, NO. 2, 2020 Azharsyah Ibrahim
Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam Vol 9, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (182.957 KB) | DOI: 10.22373/share.v9i2.10074

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Alhamdulillah, thanks to Allah, that Volume 9 Number 2 (July - December edition) 2020 has been published on time. As always, in the attempts to maintain the quality, each article that has passed the initial review will have gone through a rigorous review process. In this issue, we publish seven articles out of dozens that have been submitted into our online system. The accepted articles discuss various topics within the field of Islamic economics and finance. Finally, I would like to thank those who have been helpful in organizing the day-by-day operation of the journal, including our editors, reviewers, and administrative staff. We also thank our friends at the Rumah Jurnal UIN Ar-Raniry, who has also been supportive in keeping the journal meet the academic standards. 
ANALISIS EKONOMI ISLAM TERHADAP PRAKTIK AFTER SALES SERVICE PADA MESIN FOTOCOPY BEKAS PAKAI DI KOTA BANDA ACEH Akhyar Rinaldi; Azharsyah Ibrahim
Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (891.785 KB) | DOI: 10.22373/share.v2i2.1499

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The objective of this article is to analyze the implementation of after sales service on used photocopy machine in Banda Aceh from an Islamic economic perspective. The analysis is conducted through the exploration of the mechanism of sale and purchase transactions and after-sales service system of the used photocopy machine. Data for this study was gathered through interviews and observations. Due to wide coverage area, the sample for this study was limited to eight units, which consist of four sellers and four buyers. The selection was determined by cluster sampling technique. The gathered data was then analyzed using descriptive analysis method. The findings showed that the implementation of the after sales service on the used photocopy machine in Banda Aceh was indicating to contain fraud such as gharar (uncertainty) element, price manipulation element, and the 'coercion' element causing the unhappiness so that it can harm customers which impact on the loss of the maslahah values in muamalah. In other words, the practice of after-sales service of used copier machines in Banda Aceh not fully comply with Islamic economic principles. =========================================== Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik after sales service (layanan purna jual) mesin fotocopy bekas pakai di Kota Banda Aceh dari perspektif ekonomi Islam. Analisis tersebut dilakukan melalui eksplorasi terhadap mekanisme transaksi jual beli dan sistem jasa layanan purna jual mesin fotocopy bekas pakai tersebut. Data untuk penelitian dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi. Karena wilayah populasi penelitian yang terlalu besar, maka penulis memilih delapan sampel penelitian, yakni empat sampel toko yang menjual mesin fotocopy bekas pakai, dan empat sampel toko yang menjadi konsumen mesin fotocopy bekas pakai. Pemilihan tersebut dilakukan dengan teknik cluster sampling. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa layanan purna jual mesin fotocopy bekas pakai yang dipraktikkan selama ini terindikasi mengandung kecurangan seperti unsur gharar, unsur permainan harga dan unsur ‘pemaksaan’ yang menimbulkan ketidakrelaan sehingga dapat merugikan konsumen yang berdampak pada hilangnya nilai-nilai kemaslahatan dalam bermuamalah. Dengan kata lain, praktik after sales service mesin fotocopy bekas di Banda Aceh tidak begitu sejalan prinsip ekonomi Islam.
MEKANISME PERHITUNGAN KEUNTUNGAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP BAGI HASIL (STUDI TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH PADA BPRS HIKMAH WAKILAH BANDA ACEH) Wardiah Wardiah; Azharsyah Ibrahim
Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (768.518 KB) | DOI: 10.22373/share.v2i1.1403

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This study aims to determine the process of calculating the profit of mudharabah financing at BPRS Hikmah Wakilah from an Islamic perspective and its influence on profit sharing. It also aims to explore the mechanism of adjusting the profit-sharing ratio, and the effect of calculating the profitability of mudharabah financing on profit sharing. The method of this research is descriptive analysis. The research data is collected through library research and field research. The results showed that the calculation of profit sharing PT. BPRS Hikmah Wakilah uses revenue sharing system in accordance with the National Sharia Board Fatwa No.15/DSN-MUI/IX/2000 About Principles of Distribution of Business Results in Sharia Financial Institutions. While in the calculation of profit, the BPRS refers to the percentage of total financing and average income earned by the customer and projected the same profit sharing during the financing period. Profit calculation significantly affects the percentage of profit sharing and the period of profit received by the bank. =========================================== Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses perhitungan keuntungan pembiayaan mudharabah pada BPRS Hikmah Wakilah ditinjau menurut hukum Islam, mekanisme penyesuaian nisbah pembagian keuntungan, serta pengaruh perhitungan keuntungan pembiayaan mudharabah terhadap bagi hasil. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan melalui library research dan field research. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perhitungan bagi hasil, PT. BPRS Hikmah Wakilah menggunakan sistem revenue sharing sesuai dengan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No.15/DSN-MUI/IX/2000 Tentang Prinsip Distribusi Hasil Usaha Dalam Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. Sementara dalam melakukan perhitungan keuntungan, BPRS merujuk pada persentase jumlah pembiayaan dan pendapatan rata-rata yang diperoleh nasabah serta memproyeksi bagi hasil yang sama selama jangka waktu pembiayaan. Perhitungan keuntungan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap persentase bagi hasil dan jangka waktu penerimaan keuntungan yang akan diterima pihak bank. Kata Kunci: Pembiayaan Mudharabah, Kentungan, Bagi Hasil
IMPLIKASI PENETAPAN MARGIN KEUNTUNGAN PADA PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH (SUATU STUDI DARI PERSPEKTIF ISLAM PADA BAITUL QIRADH AMANAH) Azharsyah Ibrahim; Fitria Fitria
Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (410.967 KB) | DOI: 10.22373/share.v1i2.722

Abstract

Murabahah is a particular kind of sale that compliant with shariah. In this scheme, the seller expressly mentions the cost he/she incurred on the commodities for sale and sells it to another person by adding some profit thereon which is known to the buyer. It is one of the most popular modes used by Islamic banks. With its fixed margin, it offers the seller a more predictable income stream. This study aims to analyze the implications of the determination of the profit margin for the murabahah financing at an Islamic microfinance called Baitul Qiradh Amanah. Primary data was collected mainly through interviews and observation. The observation was conducted for about two months. During the observation process, co-researcher was directly involved as a trainee at the Baitul Qiradh. Interviews were conducted to clarify some unclear information that was obtained through observation. To strengthen the primary data, the secondary data is also utilized through books, magazines, and other studies. The secondary data is then compared with the findings from the field which is then analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that the profit margins in the initial of profit determination unilaterally bring both positive and negative implications for the clients and the Baitul Qiradh itself. The positive implication is (1) the Baitul Qiradh is able to predict its profit and (2) the clients are prevented from the risk of inflation or economic crisis. While the negative implications are (1) eliminating bargaining power of clients and (2) affect to customer satisfaction that leads to the decrease of the number of customers of the Baitul Qiradh. =========================================== Pembiayaan murabahah adalah jual beli barang pada harga pokok dengan tambahan keuntungan yang disepakati. Dalam skema ini, margin keuntungan biasanya ditetapkan di awal sebelum transaksi terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implikasi penetapan margin keuntungan pembiayaan pada sebuah lembaga keuangan mikro syariah, yaitu Baitul Qiradh Amanah. baik terhadap nasabah ataupun terhadap Baitul Qiradh itu sendiri. Data primer dikumpulkan dengan wawancara dan observasi. Observasi dilakukan selama lebih kurang dua bulan di mana salah seorang peneliti terlibat langsung sebagai trainee di Baitul Qiradh yang menjadi objek penelitian. Wawancara dilakukan untuk memperjelaskan hal-hal yang tidak bisa didapat melalui observasi. Di samping itu, untuk memperkuat data primer, peneliti juga mengumpulkan data sekunder melalui buku-buku, majalah, serta penelitian-penelitian lainnya. Data sekunder ini kemudian dibandingkan dengan temuan lapangan untuk kemudian dianalisis dengan cara content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penetapan margin keuntungan di awal secara sepihak memunculkan implikasi positif maupun negatif baik terhadap nasabah atau Baitul Qiradh sendiri. Implikasi positifnya adalah jelasnya jumlah keuntungan yang didapat Baitul Qiradh dan menghindarkan nasabah dari risiko inflasi atau krisis ekonomi. Sedangkan implikasi negatif adalah menghilangkan daya tawar nasabah. Hal ini berimplikasi pada berkurangnya kepuasan nasabah untuk berurusan dengan Baitul Qiradh.
IMPLIKASI PERUBAHAN KEBIJAKAN POLA PELUNASAN PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH PADA PT. BANK ACEH SYARIAH CAPEM SIGLI Uswatun Hasanah; Azharsyah Ibrahim
Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (468.169 KB) | DOI: 10.22373/share.v2i1.1405

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Bank Aceh Syariah has altered its policy on the installment pattern of Murabaha financing as of December 2010. This change was triggered by the decrease of margin in Bank Aceh Syariah. Therefore, this study aims at studying the mechanism of installment of Murabaha financing before and after the policy changes. This article also intends to identify the risks that appear due to the decrease of margin in Bank Aceh Syariah and also analyze the view of Islamic economics towards the changes. Data for this study was gathered through interviews, observation, and documentation study. The data were analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. The findings show that there are two mechanisms of installment for Murabaha financing at the bank. In the first mechanism, the bank only required its customers to pay the remaining installment plus the administrative cost, whereas in the second mechanism after the policy change, the bank provides a discount to the customer. The risk encounter is the decrease of income for the bank itself. From an Islamic economics perspective, the policy changes on Murabaha financing are allowed with the condition no party is harmed and the agreed price is the final price. ========================================================================================================Bank Aceh Syariah telah melakukan perubahan kebijakan pola pelunasan pembiayaan murabahah periode maju pada awal Desember 2010. Perubahan ini disebabkan karena adanya penurunan margin pada Bank Aceh Syariah. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme pelunasan pembiayaan murabahah periode maju sebelum dan sesudah adanya perubahan kebijakan. Tulisan ini juga akan mengidentifikasi resiko yang timbul akibat adanya penurunan margin pada Bank Aceh Syariah atas pembiayaan nasabah dan menganalisis pandangan ekonomi Islam terhadap perubahan tersebut. Data untuk penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi serta studi dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan mekanisme pelunasan pembiayaan murabahah periode maju sebelum dan sesudah adanya perubahan kebijakan. Pada mekanisme pertama, bank hanya mewajibkan nasabah untuk membayar sisa angsuran pokok ditambah dengan biaya administrasi, sedangkan mekanisme kedua setelah adanya perubahan kebijakan pola pelunasan periode maju, bank memberikan diskon atau potongan kepada nasabah. Resiko yang ditimbulkan akibat penurunan margin adalah berkurangnya pendapatan bagi pihak bank sendiri. Adapun pandangan hukum Islam terhadap perubahan kebijakan yang dilakukan pihak bank ini dapat bolehkan, karena tidak ada pihak yang akan dirugikan dan harga yang disepakati pada pembiayaan murabahah adalah harga akhir.
Diverse Perspectives in Islamic Banking and Finance: Insights from Indonesia Azharsyah Ibrahim
Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam Vol 10, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (172.038 KB) | DOI: 10.22373/share.v10i1.10073

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In this issue, our primary focus is to ensure a prompt review and publication process for the incoming manuscripts without compromising on quality. As customary, every manuscript we receive undergoes an initial review to assess its suitability for further evaluation. We place significant emphasis on the recommendations provided by our reviewers when making the decision to accept a manuscript. It is worth noting that some authors may need to revise and resubmit their manuscripts multiple times before they meet our criteria for publication. Given the rigorous evaluation process, we have selected only eight manuscripts for publication in this issue, out of the numerous submissions received through our online system. These accepted manuscripts cover a wide range of topics within the field of Islamic economics and finance. We strive to include diverse and insightful discussions that contribute to the advancement of knowledge in this area.
Perspectives on the Islamic Economic and Financial System in the Contemporary World Azharsyah Ibrahim
Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam Vol 11, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/share.v11i1.14949

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The majority of submissions for this issue focused on the challenges faced by IBFIs as a result of the global spread of Covid-19. They discuss the trends in Islamic economics research, the importance of Islamic economics and finance to the modern economy, the performance of institutions and their employees, financial stability, waqf institutions, and the role of Islamic economics and finance in society. Only 12 of the dozen papers submitted for consideration were eventually chosen for publication. As usual, each manuscript will have to pass an initial review from our editor(s) before forwarding it to suitable reviewers. Some manuscripts would have to go through several rounds before being accepted. The reviewers' feedback was taken into consideration to provide the final decisions. Following that, the manuscripts would have to pass the editing stages, including proofreading and layout, where our editor(s) will intensely communicate with the authors if needed. It is to ensure that each published manuscript has undergone a quality check.
Prilaku Pengusaha Elektronik Menurut Perspektif Etika Bisnis Islam (studi Kasus di Kota Banda Aceh Ayumiati Ayumiati; Azharsyah Ibrahim; Muhammad Arifin; Isnaliana Isnaliana
EKOBIS SYARIAH Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (649.619 KB) | DOI: 10.22373/ekobis.v2i1.10104

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Peneliti bertujuan melihat perilaku dari pengusaha elektronik di kota Banda Aceh dalam menentukan harga menurut etika bisnis islam dana pa saja faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku dari pengusaha elektrronik dalam praktik jual beli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku setiap pengusaha elektronik sangat di pengaruhi dengan motif keuntungan dan merekan tidak mengindahkan nilai-nilai yang terkadung dalam konsep etika Islam dalam bermuamalah dan faktor yang mempengaruhi pengusaha elektronik dalam menjual barangnya adalah merupakan harga, persepsi, kelangkaan dari barang dagangan, pengetahuan dari pengusaha elektronik, kejujuran serta dari segi pelayanan.