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Impact of the Auditory, Intellectually, and Repetition (AIR) Learning Model on Students’ Mathematical Critical Thinking Harefa, Indah Natalia; Telaumbanua, Yakin Niat; Mendrofa, Ratna Natalia; Mendrofa, Netti Kariani
Kognitif: Jurnal Riset HOTS Pendidikan Matematika Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): January - March 2026
Publisher : Education and Talent Development Center Indonesia (ETDC Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51574/kognitif.v6i1.3818

Abstract

Critical thinking is an essential skill in 21st-century mathematics education; however, Indonesian students still demonstrate low achievement in this domain. Preliminary observations at SMP Negeri 8 Gunungsitoli revealed that students’ mathematical critical thinking skills were not yet optimal, partly due to the predominance of conventional instructional approaches. This study examined the effect of the Auditory, Intellectually, and Repetition (AIR) learning model on students’ mathematical critical thinking skills. A quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design was employed, involving 60 seventh-grade students divided into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The research instrument was an essay-based mathematical critical thinking test consisting of three items, which demonstrated logical and empirical validity and satisfactory reliability. The results indicated that both groups had relatively comparable low baseline performance. After the intervention, the experimental group achieved a mean score of 71.80 (high category), whereas the control group reached only 39.80 (low category). An independent-samples t-test showed that t = 10.683 exceeded ttable = 1.672 (p < 0.05), with a very large effect size (Cohen’s d = 2.76). Simple linear regression analysis indicated that the AIR model accounted for 88.6% of the variance in students’ mathematical critical thinking skills (R² = 0.886). These findings confirm that the AIR learning model effectively enhances mathematical critical thinking by engaging students in listening activities, reflective intellectual processing, and repeated practice. This study contributes theoretically to the development of higher-order thinking-oriented mathematics instruction and offers practical implications for teachers and policymakers in promoting interactive, student-centered learning models.
Co-Authors Amin Otoni Harefa Bawamenewi, Eniman Buulolo, Marnus Daeli, Veridiana Edi Surya, Edi Edi Syahputra Elmanani Simamora Eunike Zai Fanorama Gulo Gea, Alfandy Gea, Desri Yanti Gea, Elvin Sri Sandy Giawa, Nurul Ihsani Gulo, Anugerah Setiawan Gulo, Rahmat Juang Gulo, Rido Eli Halawa, Fariyanto Halawa, Notarius Halawa, Nova Martilina Halawa, Putra Mei Anugrah Halawa, Sahabat HALAWA, YUFITA Harefa, Indah Natalia Hia, Ester Hulu, Friska Putri Magdalena Hulu, Mitra Verolina Hulu, Wikari Ikhlas Anwar Lahagu Indahwati Bu’ulolo Insaf Rizalt Putra Gulo Intan Wirna Waruwu Izwita Dewi Izwita Dewi Juni Yanto Zebua Juwinta, Indah Laia, Dimaria Laia, Wasnidar Laoli, Jon Wancer Lase, Jupi Yarman Lase, Sadar Riang MARIA MAGDALENA BATE’E Marlinawati Telaumbanua Mart Peterson Daeli Mendofa, Juvita Sri Kasrina Mendrofa, Asri Selvi Putri Mendrofa, Ignasius Mendrofa, Ratna Natalia Mitra Novitri Waruwu Murni Relawan Telaumbanua Ndraha, Mei Tri Murni Ndruru, Jenni Indah Mitra Ndruru, Melida NETTI KARIANI MENDOFA Pniel Sozawato Zendrato RAHMIAH MENDROFA RINCE ASTUTI ZEGA Sadiana Lase SALOME WARUWU Septriani Telaumbanua Simamora, Elmanani Sotanius, Tafonao SYARIFA AINI Tafonao Sotanius Telaumbanua, Happy Rahmat Saro Telaumbanua, Ikhlas Agen Munasabah Telaumbanua, Ovitarni TELAUMBANUA, RESTI JULIANA Telaumbanua, Ruti Faeri Waruwu, Juli Antonius Waruwu, Lilis Priska Waruwu, Nini Suryani Waruwu, Nofati Waruwu, Yutiani Yaatulo Hulu Yudika Zebua Yulisman Zega Yutiani Waruwu ZAI, EDISON Zalukhu, Junitariang Zalukhu, Lidia Ida Zalukhu, Putri Wulandari Zebua, Amin Kristin Zebua, Boy Arwin Zebua, Ikke Afdolitha Zebua, Siska Yanti Zebua, Srinuryanti Zebua, Syukur Marno Life Zebua, Vance Gunawan Zega, Odismeri Zega, Pretty Souvenir Zega, Silih Mentari Zendrato, Arikasian Zendrato, Dedy Rahmat Zendrato, Niat Wati Zendrato, Pniel Sozawato Zendrato, Yohana Ziliwu, Erawan Darma