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Journal : Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies

A Review on Mannich Base Derivatives Some of Natural Compounds: Antimicrobial Activities Siburian, Eva; Hayun, Hayun; Suryadi, Herman
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v5i3.50917

Abstract

This review explores the synthesis and antimicrobial potential of Mannich base derivatives derived from various natural compounds. The Mannich reaction, a versatile method in organic synthesis, enables structural modification of bioactive compounds to enhance their pharmacological properties, particularly antimicrobial activities. This study systematically reviews recent literature on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of these derivatives against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The findings demonstrate that Mannich base derivatives exhibit improved efficacy through multiple mechanisms of action, such as inhibition of cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and membrane disruption. The review highlights the relevance of Mannich-based structural optimization as a promising strategy in the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
Utilization of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with PLS-2 Regression Learner to Predict Metformin HCL Tablet Dissolution Profile Zakaria, Mohamad Rahmatullah; Sutriyo, Sutriyo; Hayun, Hayun; Rukmana, Taufiq Indra
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v5i1.1566

Abstract

One of the assurances of pharmaceutical tablet's quality, effectivity, and safety is the dissolution test, which is commonly known by pharmaceutical manufacturers. Conventionally, this test is performed by simulating the release rate of a drug using a Dissolution Tester, which mimics the human gastrointestinal condition. As stated by the current compendial for tablet dosage form, the dissolution rate is mandatory, with no exception for Metformin HCl tablets. This laboratory method is often time-consuming, unsafe for organic reagent exposure, and produces waste. This problem requires rapid, simple, and nondestructive technologies, hence having powerful analytical performance. One of the technologies that is widely used is Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. This study utilized the NIR spectrum as a predictor to generate a mathematical model using Partial Least Square Regression (PLS-2) to build a dissolution rate model for the Metformin HCl tablet, which uses the Farmakope Indonesia IV <1231> (FI-IV) dissolution method as the compendial reference method. The PLS-2 model was built, which shows the low difference between SEC and SECV in each sampling point and a good correlation in the coefficient of determination (R2) of each point's time of dissolution within 0.900 to 0.953. The challenge test was performed to prove the predictability of the PLS-2 model with NIR against the actual reference FI-IV method using differential and similarity Factors (f2 & f1), enabling real-time release testing (RTRT).