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AKTIVITAS ANTIFUNGI EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI GANITRI (Elaeocarpus sphaericus Schum.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN FUNGI Aspergillus flavus Nafratilova, Hilda; Sufadjari, Agus; Nurchayati, N.
JURNAL BIOSENSE Vol 1 No 01 (2018): Edisi Desember 2018
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, Jalan Ikan Tongkol No 01, Telp (0333) 421593, 428592 Banyuwangi 68416

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Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antijamur pada masing-masing konsentrasi serta mengetahui konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) ekstrak etanol biji ganitri (Elaeocarpus sphaericus Schum.) terhadap pertumbuhan fungi Aspergillus flavus. Konsentrasi ekstrak etanol biji ganitri (Elaeocarpus spharicus Schum.) Yang digunakan adalah 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% dan 50%. Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) ekstrak etanol biji ganitri (Elaeocarpus sphaericus Schum.) yang digunakan adalah 1%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%, dan 10%. Hasil menunjukkan ada perbedaan aktivitas masing-masing konsentrasi ekstrak etanol biji ganitri (Elaeocarpus spharicus Schum.). Ekstrak etanol biji ganitri (Elaeocarpus spharicus Schum.) konsentrasi 50% menunjukkan aktivitas antijamur tertinggi, dengan diameter zona hambat 1,16 cm, diameter zona hambat ketoconazole 1% adalah 1,26 cm, sedangkan kontrol negatif (aquades steril) tidak menunjukkan aktivitas antijamur. Hasil uji KHM menunjukkan, pada konsentrasi ekstrak etanol biji ganitri (Elaeocarpus spharicus Schum.) 1% masih dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Aspergillus flavus, dengan diameter zona bening seluas 0,13 cm. Analisis data menunjukkan setiap kelompok perlakukan berbeda nyata atau signifikan. Kata Kunci: Elaeocarpus spharicus Schum, serial konsentrasi, Aspergillus flavus, KHM
STUDI ETNOBOTANI TANAMAN BERKHASIAT OBAT BERBASIS PENGETAHUAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT SUKU OSING DI KECAMATAN LICIN BANYUWANGI Khotimah, Kusnul; Nurchayati, N.; Ridho, Rosyid
JURNAL BIOSENSE Vol 1 No 01 (2018): Edisi Desember 2018
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, Jalan Ikan Tongkol No 01, Telp (0333) 421593, 428592 Banyuwangi 68416

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Abstract

Pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai obat tradisional telah dikenal sejak lama oleh masyarakat Suku Osing pada umumnya dan masyarakat Kabupaten Banyuwangi khususnya. Proses ini sudah diwariskan secara turun-temurun dari generasi ke generasi. Akan tetapi, saat ini ada kecenderungan tradisi ini mulai ditinggalkan. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting bagi kita untuk menggali kembali pengetahuan tentang spesies tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat oleh masyarakat Suku Osing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis tumbuhan obat yang dimanfaatkan dan mengetahui pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat yang ada dimasyarakat Suku Osing Kecamatan Licin Banyuwangi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Juni 2017 di 3 desa yaitu Desa Tamansari, Desa Licin, dan Desa Segobang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksploratif dengan teknik survei, wawancara semi terstruktur dan kuisioner. Sampel berjumlah 70 responden meliputi masyarakat yang dianggap memahami tentang tumbuhan obat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui terdapat 43 spesies tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat. Tumbuhan yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat tradisional oleh masyarakat Suku Osing didominasi oleh spesies tumbuhan dari famili Zingiberaceae, diantaranya kunyit (Curcuma longa Linn) sebesar 55% dan sirih (Piper bettle Rosc) dari famili Piperaceae. Masyarakat Suku Osing memperoleh tanaman obat dengan cara: liar sebesar 32%, budidaya sebesar 39%, dan membeli 29%. Bagian tanaman yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan untuk obat adalah daun sebesar 30%, rimpang sebesar 27%, bunga sebesar 13%, buah sebesar 8%, batang sebesar 9%, akar sebesar 6%, dan getah sebesar 7%. Jenis penyakit yang paling banyak diobati menggunakan obat adalah penykit tidak menular sebesar 47%, penyakit menular sebesar 30%, dan penyakit kronik sebesar 23%. Cara pengolahan tumbuhan obat diminun tanpa direbus sebesar 34%, diminum setelah direbus 45%, dan dioleskan sebesar 21%. Kata kunci: Etnobotani, Tanaman obat, dan Suku Osing Banyuwangi
KAJIAN ETNOBOTANI TANAMAN FAMILI ZINGIBERACEAE PADA MASYARAKAT SUKU USING KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI Nurchayati, N.; Ardiyansyah, Fuad
JURNAL BIOSENSE Vol 1 No 01 (2018): Edisi Desember 2018
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, Jalan Ikan Tongkol No 01, Telp (0333) 421593, 428592 Banyuwangi 68416

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Abstract

Masyarakat Suku Using di Kabupaten Banyuwangi terkenal memiliki keunikan budaya dan pengetahuan tradisional dalam memanfaatkan tumbuhan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Salah satu famili tumbuhan yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan adalah golongan Zingiberaceae. Pemanfaatannya adalah sebagai bahan obat dan bumbu masakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengkaji tingkat pemanfaatan tumbuhan dari famili Zingiberaceae baik ditinjau dari segi etnobotani, etnomedisin, etnoekonomi dan etnoekologi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2018. Lokasi penelitian meliputi 5 kecamatan yang meliputi: 1) Kecamatan Glagah (Kemiren, Glagah, Taman Suruh, Bakungan, Mandaluko, Olehsari, Kenjo, Dukuh Kopen Kidul); 2) Kecamatan Giri (Cungking Mojopanggung, Boyolangu); 3) Kecamatan Kabat (Macan putih, Kejoyo); 4) Kecamatan Rogojampi (Aliyan); 5) Kecamatan Singojuruh (Alas Malang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada sembilan spesies dari famili Zingiberaceae yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Suku Using di Banyuwangi. Spesies tersebut meliputi Alpinia galangal, Curcuma alba, Curcuma domestica, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma xantorrizha, Kaemferia galanga, Boensenbergia rotunda, Zingiber aromaticum, Amomum dealbatum. Semua spesies berhabitus terna. Pemanfaatan tanaman tersebut sebagai bahan obat dan bumbu masakan. Hampir semua memiliki nilai ekonomi dan hampir semua telah dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat Suku Using Banyuwangi di area sekitar rumah. Kata kunci: Etnobotani, Zingiberaceae, dan Suku Using Banyuwangi
Simulasi karakteristik mesin termoakustik pembangkit listrik dengan penambahan model kerugian minor dari dua segmen konis Nurpatria, N.; Mirmanto, M.; Padang, Y.A.; Nurchayati, N.
Dinamika Teknik Mesin: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Terapan Teknik Mesin Vol 14, No 2 (2024): Dinamika Teknik Mesin: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Terapan Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/dtm.v14i2.845

Abstract

Acoustic energy output level from regenerator segment of a thermoacoustic engine model is attenuated along it’s loop due to several conditions including minor losses. This article discusses the result of Delta EC simulation of a thermoacoustic engine model acting as simple electric power generator that inserted with two conical segments. The cone segments are capable to lower the energy loss which in turn improve the overall performance of the engine in term of nett heat to acoustic energy conversion efficiency. Combined acoustic energy loss induced by both cones is equivalent to 4.94 watts minor losses. At this condition, regenerator segment amplifies the incoming acoustic energy flow of 57.02 watt up to 93.57 watt, which is equals to 36.55 watts acoustic amplification. It leads to increasing of overall engines heat to acoustic efficiency into 14.05%, which is 1.29% higher than those at the case of without cones. This engine performance improvement addressed to smoother streamline of working fluid flow inside the loop.
Adsorbsi gas karbon dioksida dalam biogas dengan menggunakan endapan batu kapur Sutanto, R.; Mulyanto, A.; Wirawan, M.; Alit, I.B.; Nurchayati, N.
Dinamika Teknik Mesin: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Terapan Teknik Mesin Vol 9, No 2 (2019): Dinamika Teknik Mesin: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Terapan Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (134.693 KB) | DOI: 10.29303/dtm.v9i2.290

Abstract

With the depleting reserves of energy sources and fuel shortages that occur in Indonesia today, it is needed a cheap alternative energy sources and environmentally friendly, one of which is biogas. In this study biogas is generated from horse manure. The fermentation of horse manure can produce biogas with the largest component of the CH4 (49.5%) and CO2 (49.7%). The use of biogas as a fuel is still in the household scale and has not been used optimally. This is due to the biogas still containing high levels of CO2 so that it has low value of heat is produced. This research reduces the CO2 levels by using the Ca(OH)2 or limestone sedimentary, and then react with the CO2 to form CaCO3 and H2O. The variables  studied are the influence of the flow rate of the biogas that CO2 absorbed and CH4. CO2 absorption made by passing the biogas with a variety of flow rates in the Ca(OH)2 at a certain concentration. Gas and Ca(OH)2 contact each other and the chemical reaction occurs. Every 2 minute interval of gas coming out of the absorber is detected by a biogas tester for analysis of absorbed CO2 and CH4 produced. The research results show that the average CO2 can be absorbed at all the variations of biogas flow rate (5 liter/min. 10 liter/min and 15 liter/min) produced CH4 at the biogas flow rate of 10 liter/min is 91%, then at the flow rate of 5 liter/min is 76.2% and at the flow rate of 15 liter/min is 72%.
PENGARUH VARIASI TEMPERATUR PIROLISIS TERHADAP KADAR HASIL DAN NILAI KALOR BRIKET CAMPURAN SEKAM PADI-KOTORAN AYAM Saparudin, S.; Syahrul, S.; Nurchayati, N.
Dinamika Teknik Mesin: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Terapan Teknik Mesin Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Dinamika Teknik Mesin: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Terapan Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (203.7 KB)

Abstract

Energy is vital necessity as can not free on our daily. In a row inhabitant growth and economic development, the will necessity energy fuel oil (BBM) every years direct advance, until reseve fossil energy in the suppose quickly will finished. In the side other, increase the production well of agriculture sector although animal husbandry will the appear dirty area issue, because increase the waste as not used to well, the until necessary solution other enegy alternative.            Biomass of the rise husk and chicken feces the have potential as high enough for in manner fuel become, be choosen that is briquettes, because the secondly this is waste be haved element contens carbon end course fiber as hight enough. Biomass briquettes this experiment in the difference become biocharcoal briquettes by pyrolysis process with the temperature variation 225°C, 275°C, 325°C and 375°C. The testing of experiment this is content result testing and calorofic value in the contents from temperature variation.            The result of this experiment show that, the bigger of the pyrolysis temperature which is used the precentage of charcoal will be lower. The result of testing calorofic value briquetess biocharcoal the biggest that is 4252,67 kal/gr in the show on 275°C temperature the while, for lower calorofic value 3821,33 kal/gr on 225°C temperature. Of the calorofic value and  as result, briquettes biocharcoal of the rice husk mixture with chicken feces the haved potential to growth as alternative fuel, be side energy contens as high enough, the material cheap and can easy. 
Biomassa dan bioarang dari limbah kotoran kuda tanpa dan dengan perlakuan menggunakan sodium hidroksida: studi nilai kalor dan kadar abu Padang, Y. A.; Sari, N. H.; Nurchayati, N.; Triadi, A.A. A.; Sutaryono, Y. A.; Muharman, M.
Dinamika Teknik Mesin: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Terapan Teknik Mesin Vol 10, No 2 (2020): Dinamika Teknik Mesin: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Terapan Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (223.296 KB) | DOI: 10.29303/dtm.v10i2.330

Abstract

This study aims to determine and test the characteristics of horse feces briquettes without and with NaOH treatment as an alternative fuel. The experiment has been carried out in a laboratory. Biomass has been treated with 8% NaOH for 2 h, and has been compared with untreated biomass briquettes. Characterization of the calorific value and ash content of biomass briquettes and bio charcoal briquettes have been investigated. The results showed that the heat value for briquette samples after being treated increased in the range of 4894.6 cal/g – 5855.16 cal/g, while the ash content decreased in the range of 39% to 49.44%; this is caused by a decrease in non-lignocellulosic of horse feces content. It can be concluded that the horse feces biomass briquette with NaOH treatment can be an alternative fuel to replace the skin and leaf briquettes.
ANALISA UNJUK KERJA MOTOR BAKAR BERBAHAN BAKAR BIOGAS TERMURNIKAN BERBASIS ABSORBER Fe2O3 Sutanto, Rudy; Alit, Ida Bagus; Nurchayati, N.
Dinamika Teknik Mesin: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Terapan Teknik Mesin Vol 4, No 2 (2014): Dinamika Teknik Mesin: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Terapan Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (168.439 KB) | DOI: 10.29303/dtm.v4i2.56

Abstract

Long-term aim of this research is to obtain a biogas what the renewable natural gas quality and can be used to fuel an electric generator to support the availability of electricity in the region of small islands. Specific targets to be achieved is to determine whether the binding of H2S in biogas can raise engine peformance of the machine, information technology and the active materials so comprehensive to absorb hydrogen sulfide gas as materials of the textbook writing and articles for national journals. This research will be conducted a biogas testing in the engine performance, seen from the engine rotation (1500, 2500, 3500 and 4500 rpm) of the electric power generated and subtlety spin machine (braking force, fuel consumption) in both the before purified biogas and biogas has been purified. Results of the research that has been conducted in both the before purified biogas and biogas has been purified on peformance engine that does not change significantly for the better performance of the engine torque, effective power and fuel consumption (biogas) to treat a wide variety. Effect of reduction of H2S contained in the biogas no significant effect on engine performance but are more inclined towards corrosive metal material. Keywords: biogas, performance, torque, effective power
STUDI ETNOBOTANI KEANEKARAGAMAN TANAMAN PANGAN SEBAGAI REFERENSI KETAHANAN PANGAN MASYARAKAT USING BANYUWANGI Susanti, Erni Duwi; Nurchayati, N.; Ardiyansyah, Fuad; Kurnia, Tristi Indah Dwi; Anam, Khoirul
JURNAL BIOSENSE Vol 7 No 01 (2024): Edisi Juni 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, Jalan Ikan Tongkol No 01, Telp (0333) 421593, 428592 Banyuwangi 68416

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/biosense.v7i01.3848

Abstract

Etnobotani merupakan interaksi antara masyarakat, lingkungan, dalam pemanfaatan tumbuhan, keanekaragaman tanaman yang dimanfaatkan mampu mengatasi kondisi ketahanan pangan. Jenis penelitian deskriptif eksploratif bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanaman pangan sebagai referensi ketahanan pangan masyarakat suku Using di Banyuwangi. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara terstruktur dan wawancara semiterstruktur dengan keterlibatan aktif peneliti dalam kegiatan masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan di lima kecamatan yaitu kecamatan Glagah, kecamatan Giri, kecamatan Singojuruh, kecamatan Kabat, dan kecamatan Rogojampi. Hasil penelitian yaitu terdapat 40 jenis tanaman pangan yang digunakan masyarakat suku Using. Dari 40 jenis tanaman pangan terdapat 10 jenis tanaman dengan prosentase tertinggi yaitu diperoleh presentase padi 11%, bawang merah 11%, bawang putih 11%, cabai 11%, kelapa 10%, kunyit 8%, ubi jalar 10%, ubi kayu 10%, asam 10%, dan pisang 8%. Tanaman pangan terdiri dari kategori bahan pangan utama, bahan pangan tambahan, rempah-rempah, dan polong-polongan. Tanaman pangan masyarakat suku Using dapat dijadikan daya dukung ketahanan pangan karena mudah ditemukan, dan memiliki nilai gizi yang tinggi. Upaya konservasi yang dilakukan masyarakat yaitu dengan menanam tanaman pangan di lingkungan pekarangan rumah dan persawahan.
MORFOMETRI KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla paramamosain) DI KAWASAN MANGROVE PANTAI PULAU SANTEN BANYUWANGI Lutiya, Ida Lutiya; Sufadjari, Agus; Nurchayati, N.; Nurmasari, Fitri; Firmasyah, Moh.
JURNAL BIOSENSE Vol 7 No 01 (2024): Edisi Juni 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, Jalan Ikan Tongkol No 01, Telp (0333) 421593, 428592 Banyuwangi 68416

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/biosense.v7i01.3849

Abstract

Mangrove crab (Scylla paramamosain) is one of crab species that live in mangrove area. The purpose of this research was to obtain the morphometric and alometric of mangrove crab in mangrove area in santen island Banyuwangi. The sample of this research were taken by used transek methode by divide the area in to 3 stations. The first station was located in upper course of mangrove, the second station in down stream of mangrove, and the third station in the middle of mangrove zone. This research was measure about carapac length (CL), carapac width (CW), abdoment leng (AL), abdoment width (AW), hand bite length (HBL), hand bite width (HBW), frontal length (FL), and frontal width (FW). The alometric was observed about relation of morphometric measurement and bodymass in female and male of crab. The result of this research showed 3 species from all of the stations. But the focus of measurement was in one species called Scylla paramamosain. The result of male morphometric measurement minimal CL: 6,5 cm, CW: 8,5 cm, AL: 4 cm, AW: 1,5 cm, HBL: 10 cm, HBW: 1,5 cm, FL: 1 cm, FW: 2 cm, Body mass: 200 gram. Maximum CL: 9 cm, CW: 10 cm, AL: 4 cm, AW: 2 cm, HBL: 8,25 cm, HBW: 2,75 cm, FL: 1,5 cm, FW: 3 cm, Body mass: 500 gram. Al though in female measurement minimal CL: 5 cm, CW: 7,5 cm, AL: 3 cm, AW: 2,5 cm, HBL: 2 cm, HBW: 1,5 cm, FL: 1 cm, FW: 2 cm, Body mass: 200 gram. Maximum CL: 7,5 cm, CW: 11 cm, AL: 3 cm, AW: 5 cm, HBL: 4 cm, HBW: 5 cm, FL: 2 cm, FW: 4 cm, Body mass: 300 gram. The alometric result of male crabs was 0,98, that means negative alometric because it was less than 3 point. The negative alometric also happen in female crabs. The conclusion of the measurement is produce a negative growth pattern in male and female crabs