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Relationship Between Nitrogenous Wastes, Organic Matter, Bacteri-al Abundance, and Protozoan Abundance in Whiteleg Shrimp Inten-sive Farming Ponds Diah Ayu Satyari Utami; Anik Kusmiatun; Ilham; Desy Febrianti; I Nyoman Sudiarsa; Mohsan Abrori; Andina Chairun Nisa; Annisa Khairani Aras; Diklawati Jatayu; Yasinta Ega Kaborang; I Gusti Ayu Budiadnyani; I Made Aditya Nugraha; Budi Rianto Wahidi; Wahyu
Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): JAFH Vol. 15 No. 1 February 2026
Publisher : Department of Aquaculture

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jafh.v15i1.77343

Abstract

Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) dominates global aquaculture production due to its adaptability to intensive systems. However, intensive systems often experience excess accumulation of nitrogenous waste and total organic matter (TOM), which can destabilize microbial communities and affect water quality. While protozoa are known as bioindicators, few studies have explored how their functional composition interacts with nitrogen cycling and production performance in shrimp ponds. This study investigated the relationships between nitrogenous compounds, TOM, bacterial and protozoan abundance in two intensive shrimp ponds (HP: high protozoan abundance and LP: low protozoan abundance). Water quality parameters, including Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, TOM, and phosphate, were monitored weekly alongside microbial assessments of total bacterial count (TBC), total Vibrio count (TVC), and protozoa abundance. Protozoa were identified microscopically, while shrimp performance was measured by growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, and productivity. TOM emerged as the primary ecological driver, significantly correlating with Vibrio abundance (r = 0.585, p < 0.05). Although the high-protozoa pond featured greater bacterial biomass and more bacterivorous taxa (e.g., Ciliata, Vorticella), it had lower shrimp productivity. Conversely, the low-protozoa pond dominated by detritivores (Euplotes, Strombidionopsis) achieved superior growth, FCR, and final biomass, despite higher TOM and nitrite levels. These findings suggest that protozoan functional composition, rather than total abundance, critically influences nutrient cycling, microbial stability, and production outcomes. Managing TOM and fostering beneficial microbial loops are essential strategies for sustainable shrimp farming.
PLANKTON AND WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS ON THE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF WHITE SHRIMP (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI) Diklawati Jatayu; Andina Chairun Nisa; Tia Amelia
Vol 15 No 1 (2025): JURNAL PERIKANAN
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jp.v15i1.1350

Abstract

The abundance, diversity, and dominance of phytoplankton affect water quality which can directly affect the success of cultivation. This study was conducted to analyze the diversity of species and dynamics of plankton abundance in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation in intensive white shrimp ponds in Sumenep, Madura. Observations of plankton, water quality, and white shrimp production were carried out in four ponds for ± 2 months. Data analysis was carried out on water quality data, plankton community structure and white shrimp cultivation production performance. Water quality data and production performance were analyzed descriptively qualitatively while plankton community structure data (biological index) were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results of the identification of zooplankton types obtained from the samples amounted to 2 classes, consisting of 7 genera of protozoa and 1 genus of Rotifera. The most abundant zooplankton is the Protozoa Class with 7 genera. The highest plankton abundance is from the Genus Chlorophyta (74.67% ± 4.49%), then the second highest is from the Genus Cyanophyta (18.01% ± 3.40%). The results of the diversity index analysis (H’) in pond 5 were 2.246 indicating high diversity, while ponds 6,7, and 8 showed moderate diversity. The uniformity index showed that pond 5 had a high uniformity index with a value of 0.66 while ponds 6,7, and 8 had moderate uniformity. The dominance index analysis showed that in pond 5 with a value of 0.978 there were dominant species, while ponds 6, 7, 8 did not have dominant species. Water quality observations showed that there were nitrate parameters that exceeded the optimum standard. The performance of white shrimp cultivation showed better results in pond 5 indicated by ADG of 0.35 g/day, ABW 14.9 g, FCR 1.6 and SR 71%.