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Uncertainty-Quantified Grid-Convergence Analysis of RANS Turbulence Models for 2-D Incompressible Backward-Facing Step Flow in OpenFOAM Mickael Ruben Kaiway; Joni; Agustinus Giai; Samuel Parlindungan Siregar; Enos Tambing; Obia Pius
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): November - January
Publisher : Science and Technology Research Centre Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v8i1.2390

Abstract

A concise evaluation of Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence modeling for two-dimensional, incompressible, steady backward-facing step (BFS) flow at Re = 1000–3000 was conducted using OpenFOAM’s SimpleFoam solver with the standard k–ε model. A tri-level mesh enhancement (coarse, medium and fine) was implemented, and ambiguity was measured utilizing the Convergence Ratio (CR) and Grid Convergence Index (GCI). The fine grid (CR = 0.54; GCI = 0.0059%) was the only configuration exhibiting monotonic convergence, ensuring valid GCI estimation. Results showed reattachment length increasing from 0.11 m to 0.12 m, with stronger vortical structures and steeper shear gradients at higher Re. This study uniquely integrates RANS model validation with grid-uncertainty quantification, providing guidance for mesh optimization and reliable turbulence modeling in BFS simulations.
Laboratory-Scale Production of Charcoal from Acacia Wood Tendinus Werenengga; Joni Joni; Selyus Rantepulung; Mickael Ruben Kaiway
G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Vol 9 No 4 (2025): G-Tech, Vol. 9 No. 4 October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat, Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70609/g-tech.v9i4.8146

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the production of charcoal from acacia wood (Acacia spp.) as a sustainable energy alternative, considering the depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the abundance of acacia biomass in Indonesia. The carbonization process was conducted through slow pyrolysis for 5 hours using a 12-kg gas cylinder reactor with used oil as fuel, and 1.8 kg of acacia wood pieces (5 cm in diameter, 5 cm in length) as raw material. The results showed a charcoal yield of 38.89% (0.7 kg), which is higher than the conventional range of 25–35%. Proximate analysis, based on estimates and supporting literature, indicated a moisture content of approximately 3%, volatile matter of 18%, ash content of 4%, and fixed carbon of 75%, meeting the SNI 01-1683-1989 standard for high-quality charcoal. Stable temperature distribution during the process ensured optimal decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, producing charcoal with high calorific value and low emissions. These findings confirm the potential of acacia wood as an environmentally friendly charcoal feedstock, with recommendations for further optimization of temperature in the range of 400–600 °C to enhance production efficiency and reduce reliance on unsustainable forest resources.
Co-Authors Abda Abda Agustinus Agustinus Agustinus Agustinus Agustinus Agustinus Giai AKBAR SILO Allo Sarira Pongsapan Allo, Elisabet Payung Allo, Elisabeth Payung Anas, Nur Ayu Anastasia Sri Werdani Anastasia Sri Werdhani Anastasia Sri Werdhani Anastasya S. Werdhani Anne Sihombing Arifia Ekayuliana Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan Bernathius Julison David Mangallo Dionisius Desriadi Banda Djuardrensi Patabang Eka Lambda Irianto, Eka Lambda Ekayuliana, Arifia Endang Hartiningsi Endang Hartiningsih Endang Hartiningsih Enos Karapa Enos Tambing Haurissa, Calvion Jean Haurissa, Jusuf Herbert Innah Indrajati, Rahmat Johni J Numberi Karapa, Enos Kiman Siregar Kiman Siregar, Kiman Kristofel Rumar Lazarus Ramandei Lekito, Hanro Manalu, Janviter Mangalo, David Mangopo, Dultudes Marpaung, Johana Marthen Liga Marthen Liga Matius R. Manalu Mickael Ruben Kaiway Mohammad Arafah Nourish C. Griapon Nourish Griapon Obed Rante Allo Obia Pius Oktaviani, Theresia W. Oktavianus Kati Oktavianus Kati Oscar Wambrauw Palamba, Phiter Patabang, Djuarensi Pither Palamba Pither Palamba Pither Palamba Pither Palamba Prihananto Setiadji Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan Ranteallo, Obet Rombe Allo Ruben M. Kaiwai Rustam Efendi Safanpo, Apolo Samson Fernando Weyai Samuel Parlindungan Siregar Samuel Parlindungan Siregar Sebayang, Renaldi Selyus Rantepulung Semuel B. Membala Siregar, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Samuel Sri Werdhani, Anastasia Suparno Syilius Rantepulung Tendinus Werenengga Theresia W. Oktaviani Thomas Pagasis Tiper K. M. Uniplaita Tosuli, Yohanis Tangke Uniplaita, Tiper Uniplaita, Tiper Korneles Muwarberto Vhalentio Pakombong Wardiman Werdhani, Anastasia Sri Wilfriedf Wanane Yakobus Kariongan Yane A. Ansanay Yane Oktovina Ansanay Yohanis Wanane Yonas, Marcelino Novryanto Yosef Lefaan