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All Journal Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan Dinamika Hukum Masalah-Masalah Hukum LAW REFORM DE JURE JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan) Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika Substantive Justice International Journal of Law Jambe Law Journal Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Unes Law Review Jambura Law Review ADLIYA: Jurnal Hukum dan Kemanusiaan PROGRESIF: Jurnal Hukum Pagaruyuang Law Journal Journal of Law Science Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Cepalo SIGn Jurnal Hukum Mulawarman Law Review AL-Ishlah : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) LEGAL BRIEF Journal of Judicial Review Hukum Responsif : Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Hukum Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati Cirebon RIO LAW JURNAL Jurnal Hukum Malahayati AS-SIYASI JOURNAL OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Suloh : Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi Audi Et AP : Jurnal Penelitian Hukum JUSTICIA SAINS: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Trunojoyo Law Review Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Jurnal Sosial dan Sains Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH) SmartComp Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Integralistik "Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development " JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies)
Firdaus Arifin, Firdaus
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Religion Humanities Astronomy Computer Science & IT Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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Institutional Configuration and Competence of the Special Judiciary for Regional Election Disputes: A Comparative Study and Prospects for Implementation Arifin, Firdaus; Maarif, Ihsanul; Suryana, Cece; Sugiarti, Taty; Murbani, Anastasia Wahyu
Jambura Law Review VOLUME 7 NO. 2 JULY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33756/jlr.v7i2.30949

Abstract

The dispute resolution system for Regional Head Elections in Indonesia continues to face challenges related to fragmented authority, inconsistencies in judicial decisions, and procedural limitations, which may lead to legal uncertainty and undermine the legitimacy of election outcomes. This study aims to explore the weaknesses of the existing system and propose a more effective institutional model for resolving Pilkada disputes. Employing a normative legal approach with a comparative study method, this research analyzes electoral judicial systems in Mexico, the Philippines, and Germany to identify institutional principles that can be adapted to the Indonesian legal framework. Additionally, this study examines the national legal framework, including Constitutional Court rulings on Pilkada dispute resolution, to assess the effectiveness and limitations of the current mechanisms. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s Pilkada dispute resolution system still suffers from overlapping jurisdiction among institutions, inconsistencies in judicial rulings, and delays in dispute resolution processes. Comparative analysis suggests that a more integrated system, is more effective in ensuring legal certainty and judicial independence. Therefore, this study recommends the establishment of a specialized judicial body for Pilkada disputes, endowed with exclusive jurisdiction, institutional independence, and a transparent and expedited dispute resolution process. The implications of this research highlight that institutional reform in Pilkada dispute resolution is crucial for enhancing public trust in the electoral judicial system, strengthening electoral democracy, and upholding the rule of law in Indonesia’s  Regional Head Elections  process.
DISSEMINATION OF COMMUNISM/MARXISM-LENINISM AS POLITICAL OFFENSE IN INDONESIAN: NATIONAL SECURITY PROTECTION OR ACADEMIC FREEDOM THREAT Fernando, Zico Junius; Arifin, Firdaus; Sitepu, Sudirman
Masalah-Masalah Hukum Vol 54, No 2 (2025): MASALAH-MASALAH HUKUM
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/mmh.54.2.2025.115-135

Abstract

This study examines Indonesia’s historical relationship with Communism and Marxism-Leninism, ideologies linked to the Madiun Rebellion of 1948 and the 1965 attempted coup. Despite the collapse of the Soviet Union and the global decline of Communist influence, legal provisions criminalizing the dissemination of Communism under the Indonesian Penal Code remain, raising concerns about academic freedom. These laws potentially restrict scholarly discussions and research, particularly concerning the 1965 events, both in academic settings and digital platforms. Using doctrinal legal research and comparative insights from Germany and Hungary, this study concludes that criminalizing Communist dissemination is no longer appropriate in Indonesia's current socio-political context. Legal protections should instead focus on safeguarding public interest and the rights of those affected by the 1965 events. Moreover, the vague formulation of Articles 188 and 189 of the Indonesian Penal Code poses a threat to academic freedom. The research suggests that policymakers reconsider these legal provisions and develop a clearer, more precise definition of “clear and present danger” to balance national security concerns with academic freedom. This study contributes to the debate on legal reform, highlighting the need for an updated approach that allows open academic discourse while respecting the rights of those affected by historical events.
The Constitutionality of E-Voting in the Transformation of Digital Democracy: A Normative Analysis and Implications for Electoral Legitimacy Arifin, Firdaus; Maarif, Ihsanul; Suryana, Cece; Permana, Fikri Chandra; Murbani, Anastasia Wahyu
Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Legal Transformation and Policy Challenges in Indonesia: Navigating Technology
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jils.v10i1.21193

Abstract

Digital technology has changed many parts of life, including how democracies and elections work. Electronic voting, or E-Voting, is a new idea that could make elections better and more open for everyone. But Indonesia still has big problems with putting it into practice. These problems involve legal issues, technical difficulties, and whether people trust elections that use technology. This study looks at if E-Voting fits Indonesia's constitution, what the main problems are, and what other countries do that Indonesia could use. This research uses legal analysis, comparing different systems, and looking at ideas about democratic rules. The results show that Indonesia does not have clear rules for digital elections. This causes problems with legal certainty and could lead to arguments about election results. Also, online security risks and differences in how well people understand technology are important things that could affect how well E-Voting works. The study also found that countries like Estonia, Switzerland, and Brazil have used E-Voting well. They did this by using strong digital checks, strict rules, and independent groups to watch over the process. This study suggests that E-Voting could make Indonesia's democracy more modern. However, it must be put in place slowly, with good rules, and with programs to teach people about digital technology. So, changing laws, making online security better, and teaching voters are important steps. These steps will help make sure that changing to digital elections supports democratic ideas, fair elections, and the power of the people.
Perkembangan Ilmu Hukum Tata Negara Dalam Perspektif Demokrasi dan Rule of Law di Indonesia Sari Gustriani, Wulan; Aswata, I Gede Pantja; Arifin, Firdaus; Noval , Sayid Mohammad Rifqi
Jurnal sosial dan sains Vol. 5 No. 9 (2025): Jurnal Sosial dan Sains
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/jurnalsosains.v5i9.32494

Abstract

This study examines the development of Constitutional Law in Indonesia from the perspective of democracy and the rule of law using a normative legal research method. The evolution of Indonesia’s constitutional system since independence reveals close ties with the dynamics of democracy, ranging from the early parliamentary system, guided democracy, and the authoritarian New Order, to the constitutional reforms that strengthened checks and balances. The application of the rule of law affirms the constitution as the highest norm and a substantive instrument of democracy, although in practice it still faces challenges such as weak law enforcement, political intervention, and a lack of legal culture. The findings confirm that Constitutional Law in Indonesia is never static but continually evolves according to political configurations, social dynamics, and historical needs. The study highlights the importance of consistently strengthening the rule of law to ensure constitutional law functions effectively in safeguarding justice, human rights, and democratic resilience in Indonesia.
Ambiguity and Contestation in Legal Standing Restrictions: Rethinking Public Interest and Constitutional Rights in Indonesia Arifin, Firdaus; Maarif, Ihsanul; Bahri, Robi Assadul; Suryana, Cece; Md. Nor, Mohd Zakhiri
Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi Vol. 8 Issue 2 (2025) Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24090/volksgeist.v8i2.13192

Abstract

In Indonesia, the rules governing that can bring a legal case to the Constitutional Court often unclear and unevenly applied. This creates challenges for individuals and communities trying to protect their constitutional rights. In this article, we take a critical look at these obstacles by examining the Court’s past decisions. We show how the current legal framework overlooks issues of collective harm and structural inequalities, particularly affecting marginalized groups. To better understand these issues, we compare Indonesia’s approach to those of India, South Africa, and the United States, seeking out more inclusive models of judicial decision-making. Our findings show that Indonesia’s focus on specific interpretations of direct and personal harm limits the judiciary’s ability to meet its constitutional responsibilities. The paper draws on insights from other countries as well as Indonesia’s own legal traditions, such as adat (customary law) and musyawarah (deliberation), to propose a more inclusive and culturally sensitive approach to legal standing. We recommend several specific reforms, including rethinking existing laws, creating clearer judicial guidelines, and providing targeted judicial training for judges to improve access to constitutional justice for everyone.
Evaluating the Election Law in Indonesia for Strengthening Democracy and Ensuring Honest and Fair Elections Huda, Uu Nurul; Arifin, Firdaus; Susanto, Anthon F; Abdullah, Mohd Kamarulnizam
LAW REFORM Vol 21, No 2 (2025): Law Reform
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/lr.v21i2.66848

Abstract

Indonesia’s electoral law established the framework to uphold democracy through free and fair elections. However, its implementation faces structural and procedural weaknesses that undermine effectiveness and public trust. This study employs a legal approach to examine these weaknesses, problems, and propose corresponding reforms. Key issues include overlapping authority among the General Elections Commission, the Election Supervisory Agency, and the Election Organizer Ethics Council; weak campaign oversight due to limited resources; unclear legal definitions; lenient sanctions for violations; and challenges in enforcing strict reporting deadlines. Additionally, systemic problems such as the open-list proportional system and the presidential threshold restrict political competition and foster transactional politics. To address these, the study recommends legal and institutional reforms: clarifying institutional roles, enhancing inter-agency coordination, strengthening campaign finance regulation with digital transparency systems, and improving enforcement mechanisms and sanctions. Further, revising the electoral system and threshold requirements, alongside introducing merit-based recruitment and whistleblower protections, are proposed to ensure inclusiveness, accountability, and democratic integrity. These measures aim to create a transparent, fair, and credible electoral process that reinforces democratic principles in Indonesia.
From Legal Formalism to Algorithmic Justice: Rethinking Consumer Protection in the Digital Economy Prihartanto, Yudi; Arifin, Firdaus; Maarif, Ihsanul; Kwarteng, Abdul Hamid
Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): Supremasi Hukum
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/gqmmwr98

Abstract

The rapid expansion of the digital economy has challenged traditional notions of consumer protection, which historically relied on reactive and positivist legal principles. Increasing data commodification, the pervasive role of algorithms, and structural power asymmetries expose the inadequacy of existing legal doctrines to safeguard fairness in digital transactions. This study seeks to address a critical research gap by reconceptualizing consumer protection law through the lens of algorithmic justice and participatory digital rights. Employing a normative legal methodology combined with comparative and critical approaches, the research analyzes doctrinal evolution across jurisdictions such as the European Union, Brazil, and Indonesia. The findings reveal three major shifts. First, consumer law must move beyond post-transaction liability toward proactive models of oversight, including algorithm audits and design-based compliance. Second, legal doctrines should redefine the consumer as a relational subject embedded in data-driven ecosystems, rather than a rational and autonomous actor. Third, consumer rights need to be embedded within constitutional and ethical frameworks to ensure long-term enforceability and democratic legitimacy. The study contributes theoretically by advancing an interdisciplinary paradigm of consumer law that integrates digital fairness, equity, and human dignity. Practically, it offers strategic directions for regulators and policymakers in designing responsive frameworks that anticipate risks, enhance accountability, and strengthen consumer agency in the digital era.
Analisis Terhadap Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Mengatur Urusan Pemerintahan Daerah Di Era Desentraliasi Asimetris Arifin, Firdaus
PROGRESIF: Jurnal Hukum Vol 18 No 2 (2024): PROGRESIF: Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/progresif.v18i2.5541

Abstract

Asymmetric decentralization in Indonesia is designed to grant special autonomy to regions with unique characteristics; however, its implementation often falls short due to institutional capacity limitations and continued dependence on the central government. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of asymmetric decentralization policies in various special autonomous regions of Indonesia, focusing on Aceh, Papua, and Yogyakarta. The research employs a normative and empirical juridical approach, supported by case studies and qualitative data analysis. The findings reveal a significant gap between policy objectives and implementation, attributed to factors such as inadequate local resources and weak coordination between the central and regional governments. The implications of these findings highlight the need to strengthen regional institutional capacity, enhance central government support, and tailor policies to be more context-specific and adaptable to local conditions. This study provides valuable insights for developing more effective and sustainable decentralization policies in Indonesia.
THE ROLE OF REGIONAL HEAD CANDIDATE SURVEYS IN POLITICAL PARTY DECISION-MAKING: A STATE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ANALYSIS Arifin, Firdaus
Hukum Responsif Vol 15 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/responsif.v15i2.9562

Abstract

The use of candidate surveys in the determination of candidates for regional heads by political parties is an increasingly common practice, but its effects on the legitimacy of political decisions and state administration have not been widely studied. This research aims to explore the role of candidate surveys as an instrument of legitimacy in the context of state administrative law and identify its impact on fairness and transparency. The research method used is qualitative analysis through interpretation of primary legal materials by referring to legal doctrines and relevant theories. The results showed that from the perspective of state administrative law, surveys of candidates for regional heads can strengthen the legitimacy of political decisions by providing evidence of public support, but also potentially pose a risk of manipulation and methodological bias that can undermine fairness in the state administrative system. The implications of these findings highlight the need to improve survey methodologies, implement strict regulations, and conduct effective oversight to ensure transparency and accuracy. This research provides valuable insights into how candidate surveys of regional head candidates can be used fairly and effectively in political processes and public administration.
Reconstruction of the Legislative Authority of the Regional Representative Council in the Context of Optimizing the Position of the Regional Repre-sentative Council as a Representative Institution Arifin, Firdaus
LEGAL BRIEF Vol. 13 No. 3 (2024): August: Law Science and Field
Publisher : IHSA Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/legal.v13i3.1033

Abstract

Indonesia as a democracy so that the government is carried out from the people to the people through elected representatives, the influence of the concept of democracy and the sovereignty of the people forms a government based on the will of the majority to carry out the interests of everyone. There is a state institution called the Regional Representative Council as one of the legislative institutions, but the legislative authority owned by the Regional Representative Council tends to be weak compared to the House of Representatives. This research is a normative juridical research, with statute approach and conceptual approach, secondary data is obtained through literature review and then analyzed qualitatively juridically. The results of the study state that juridically the Regional Representative Council has a position as a high state institution that is mandated directly in the constitution, so that the Regional Representative Council is included in the costitutional state organ, but the legislative authority possessed by the Regional Representative Council according to the constitution is quite weak and tends to be a complement to the House of People's Representatives. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen the limited legislative function of the Regional Representative Council, this is in line with the fourth precept of Pancasila. It is also worth considering the use of a strong bicameral system
Co-Authors Abdullah, Mohd Kamarulnizam Abdullah, Mohd. Kamarulnizam Bin Adriansyah, Rian Nurul Akhiar, Habibul Aswata, I Gede Pantja Bunyamin Bunyamin Eko Nuriyatman Fadly, Deni Fernando, Zico Junius I Gde Pantja Astawa Ihsanul Maarif, Ihsanul Iskandar Iskandar Kwarteng, Abdul Hamid Maarif, Ihsanul Majasius, Damarkunsi Md. Nor, Mohd Zakhiri Mella Ismelina Farma Rahayu Mohammad Humam Murbani, Anastasia Wahyu Nurhayati Mardin Permana, Fikri Chandra Prihartanto, Yudi Qutieshat, Enas Rahmadhani , Sri Ramadhani, Susi Robi Assadul Bahri Rusli Subrata Saraya, Sitta Sari Gustriani, Wulan Sayid Muhammad Rifqi Noval Sinaga, Lestari Sudirman SItepu Sueni, Annisa Sabilla Sugiarti, Taty Sulastri, Dewi Suryana, Cece Susanto, Anthon F Syamsir Syamsir Taufiq Abidin, Taufiq Tedjabuwana, Rosa Uu Nurul Huda, Uu Nurul Yeti Kurniati Zulaika, Almira Novia