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Renal Resistive Index in Early Detection of AKI after Neurosurgery: A Case Series Sethiono, Aldy; Parami, Pontisomaya; Wirgunatha, I Made Wirga
Jurnal Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): JATI Desember 2025
Publisher : Udayana University and Indonesian Society of Anesthesiologists (PERDATIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/t6eqx794

Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent yet underrecognized complication in neurosurgical patients, often contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Brain injury can trigger systemic effects, including sympathetic overactivation, inflammatory responses, and hemodynamic instability, all of which predispose patients to renal dysfunction. The Renal Resistive Index (RRI), obtained by Doppler ultrasonography, reflects intrarenal vascular resistance and has emerged as a promising early marker of AKI. This case series describes three patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy for intracranial hemorrhage who had normal preoperative renal function and subsequently developed stage 1 AKI according to Kidney Disease; Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) guideline within 24 hours postoperatively. In each case, an elevated RRI (>0.7) measured during the early postoperative period preceded the rise in serum creatinine and the reduction in urine output. The consistent pattern across these patients highlights the potential utility of RRI as a noninvasive, bedside predictor of postoperative AKI in neurosurgical populations. The findings support the clinical relevance of integrating RRI into perioperative monitoring, particularly in high-risk patients where early detection of renal dysfunction may guide timely interventions to optimize hemodynamic stability and prevent further injury. Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate these observations and establish standardized thresholds for practice.

Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant in Scalp Nerve Block for Craniotomy: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Eka Nantha Kusuma, Putu; I Putu Pramana Suarjaya; Parami, Pontisomaya; IGAG Utara Hartawan; I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit; I Putu Kurniyanta; Ida Bagus Krisna Jaya Sutawan; Sudiantara, Putu Herdita; I Made Gede Widnyana; Gde Agung Senapathi, Tjokorda
Jurnal Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): JATI Desember 2025
Publisher : Udayana University and Indonesian Society of Anesthesiologists (PERDATIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/q23wyc88

Introduction: Scalp nerve block (SNB) is an effective adjunct for attenuating hemodynamic responses and reducing postoperative pain in craniotomy. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), with its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, may enhance the quality of SNB. This study evaluated the effects of adding DEX to SNB on hemodynamic stability, postoperative pain, inflammatory response, and analgesic duration in craniotomy patients. Methods: A double-blind, parallel-group randomized clinical trial was conducted on 36 adult patients undergoing elective craniotomy (July–September 2025) at a tertiary hospital Denpasar. Participants received SNB using 0.375% ropivacaine (20 mL) with or without DEX 1 µg/kg under standardized general anesthesia. Outcomes included mean arterial pressure (MAP), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores at 12 and 24 hours, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ΔNLR), and time to first rescue analgesic (TTFAR). Statistical analyses used mixed ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U tests. Ethical approval number was 2159/UN14.2.2.VII.14/LT/2025. Results: MAP was significantly lower in the DEX group at 10 minutes (Δ = 4.89 mmHg; 95% CI 1.62–8.16), 20 minutes (Δ = 4.83; 95% CI 1.57–8.10), 30 minutes (Δ = 3.67; 95% CI 0.40–6.94), and upon PACU arrival (Δ = 3.72; 95% CI 0.45–6.99) (all p < 0.05). Median VAS scores were significantly lower with DEX at 12 hours (1.50 vs 3.00; p < 0.001) and 24 hours (1.00 vs 2.00; p < 0.001). ΔNLR was reduced in the DEX group (−0.56 vs 3.08; p = 0.004). TTFAR was markedly prolonged (554 vs 257 minutes; p < 0.001). No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine added to scalp nerve block enhances hemodynamic stability, reduces postoperative pain for up to 24 hours, suppresses early systemic inflammation, and prolongs analgesic duration in craniotomy without observed complications. DEX–SNB represents a beneficial component of multimodal analgesia in neuroanesthesia and may support enhanced recovery pathways

Efektivitas Blok Ilioingunal Dalam Menurunkan Penggunaan Opioid Dan Skor Nyeri Pada Seksio Sesarea: Studi Acak Terkontrol Irawan, Andi; Parami, Pontisomaya; Wiryana, Made
Jurnal Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): JATI April 2025
Publisher : Udayana University and Indonesian Society of Anesthesiologists (PERDATIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JATI.2025.v01.i01.p02

Pendahuluan: Nyeri pascaoperasi seksio sesarea merupakan nyeri berat yang dapat mengganggu aktifitas ibu dan hubungan ikatan pertama kali antara ibu dan bayi. Tatalaksana nyeri hanya berfokus pada opioid dapat menyebabkan efek samping seperti mual, muntah, sedasi, dan depresi napas yang mengganggu ikatan ibu dan bayi. Saraf ilioinguinal menginervasi bagian abdomen bawah yang terlibat dalam insisi Pfannenstiel saat tindakan seksio sesarea sehingga blok ilioinguinal berpotensi mengatasi kedua permasalahan nyeri tersebut diatas pada pascaoperasi seksio sesarea. Pasien dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian true experimental dengan rancangan yang digunakan adalah single blind randomized controlled trial yang membagi 70 subyek penelitian kedalam dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok blok ilioinguinal pascaoperasi seksio sesarea dan kelompok kontrol. Kedua kelompok juga diberikan patient controlled analgesia morfin Kemudian dilakukan evaluasi skala nyeri NRS pada jam ke-0, 3, 6, 12, dan 24 selama 24 jam pertama, penggunaan total morfin dalam 24 jam, dan kenaikan nilai NLR dan PLR yang terjadi. Keseluruhan data kemudian dibandingkan untuk melihat keberhasilan blok ilioinguinal dalam menangani nyeri pascaoperasi seksio sesarea. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kelompok blok ilioinguinal memiliki skor nyeri NRS pascaoperasi seksio sesarea yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok kontrol, dan secara statistik bermakna (p < 0,001). Untuk penilaian konsumsi morfin dalam 24 jam, kelompok blok juga menggunakan morfin dalam jumlah yang lebih sedikit yaitu sebesar 4 mg dibandingkan kelompok kontrol yang hingga 22 mg dan bermakna secara statistik (p < 0,001). Kenaikan nilai NLR dan PLR juga terlihat lebih rendah pada kelompok blok dan bermakna secara statistik (p < 0,001). Kesimpulan: Blok ilioinguinal mampu memberikan penanganan nyeri yang baik selama 24 jam pertama pascaoperasi seksio sesarea dengan mengurangi kebutuhan penggunaan morfin secara signifikan. Selain itu blok ilioinguinal juga mampu menekan respon inflamasi yang terlihat dari rendahnya kenaikan nilai NLR dan PLR dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang tidak menggunakan blok.

Renal Resistive Index in Early Detection of AKI after Neurosurgery: A Case Series Sethiono, Aldy; Parami, Pontisomaya; Wirgunatha, I Made Wirga
Jurnal Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): JATI Desember 2025
Publisher : Udayana University and Indonesian Society of Anesthesiologists (PERDATIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/t6eqx794

Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent yet underrecognized complication in neurosurgical patients, often contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Brain injury can trigger systemic effects, including sympathetic overactivation, inflammatory responses, and hemodynamic instability, all of which predispose patients to renal dysfunction. The Renal Resistive Index (RRI), obtained by Doppler ultrasonography, reflects intrarenal vascular resistance and has emerged as a promising early marker of AKI. This case series describes three patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy for intracranial hemorrhage who had normal preoperative renal function and subsequently developed stage 1 AKI according to Kidney Disease; Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) guideline within 24 hours postoperatively. In each case, an elevated RRI (>0.7) measured during the early postoperative period preceded the rise in serum creatinine and the reduction in urine output. The consistent pattern across these patients highlights the potential utility of RRI as a noninvasive, bedside predictor of postoperative AKI in neurosurgical populations. The findings support the clinical relevance of integrating RRI into perioperative monitoring, particularly in high-risk patients where early detection of renal dysfunction may guide timely interventions to optimize hemodynamic stability and prevent further injury. Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate these observations and establish standardized thresholds for practice.

Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant in Scalp Nerve Block for Craniotomy: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Eka Nantha Kusuma, Putu; I Putu Pramana Suarjaya; Parami, Pontisomaya; IGAG Utara Hartawan; I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit; I Putu Kurniyanta; Ida Bagus Krisna Jaya Sutawan; Sudiantara, Putu Herdita; I Made Gede Widnyana; Gde Agung Senapathi, Tjokorda
Jurnal Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): JATI Desember 2025
Publisher : Udayana University and Indonesian Society of Anesthesiologists (PERDATIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/q23wyc88

Introduction: Scalp nerve block (SNB) is an effective adjunct for attenuating hemodynamic responses and reducing postoperative pain in craniotomy. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), with its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, may enhance the quality of SNB. This study evaluated the effects of adding DEX to SNB on hemodynamic stability, postoperative pain, inflammatory response, and analgesic duration in craniotomy patients. Methods: A double-blind, parallel-group randomized clinical trial was conducted on 36 adult patients undergoing elective craniotomy (July–September 2025) at a tertiary hospital Denpasar. Participants received SNB using 0.375% ropivacaine (20 mL) with or without DEX 1 µg/kg under standardized general anesthesia. Outcomes included mean arterial pressure (MAP), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores at 12 and 24 hours, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ΔNLR), and time to first rescue analgesic (TTFAR). Statistical analyses used mixed ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U tests. Ethical approval number was 2159/UN14.2.2.VII.14/LT/2025. Results: MAP was significantly lower in the DEX group at 10 minutes (Δ = 4.89 mmHg; 95% CI 1.62–8.16), 20 minutes (Δ = 4.83; 95% CI 1.57–8.10), 30 minutes (Δ = 3.67; 95% CI 0.40–6.94), and upon PACU arrival (Δ = 3.72; 95% CI 0.45–6.99) (all p < 0.05). Median VAS scores were significantly lower with DEX at 12 hours (1.50 vs 3.00; p < 0.001) and 24 hours (1.00 vs 2.00; p < 0.001). ΔNLR was reduced in the DEX group (−0.56 vs 3.08; p = 0.004). TTFAR was markedly prolonged (554 vs 257 minutes; p < 0.001). No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine added to scalp nerve block enhances hemodynamic stability, reduces postoperative pain for up to 24 hours, suppresses early systemic inflammation, and prolongs analgesic duration in craniotomy without observed complications. DEX–SNB represents a beneficial component of multimodal analgesia in neuroanesthesia and may support enhanced recovery pathways

Combined Lumbar Plexus and Sciatic Nerve Blocks Improve Postoperative Recovery in Lower Extremity Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial Wiranata, Jeremia Alvian; Aribawa, I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit; Parami, Pontisomaya; Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde Agung; Hartawan, I Gusti Agung Gede Utara; Adi, Made Septyana Parama; Kurniajaya, I Gusti Agung Made Wibisana; Pradhana, Adinda Putra
Journal of Anaesthesia and Pain Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Background: Patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery often experience moderate to severe postoperative pain, commonly managed with opioids. Regional anesthesia techniques, such as peripheral nerve blocks, offer promising alternatives. This study evaluates the efficacy of combined lumbar plexus block (LPB) and sciatic nerve block (SNB) versus intravenous opioid analgesia in enhancing postoperative recovery and pain control. Methods: In a single-blind, randomized controlled trial, 42 patients scheduled for lower extremity orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia were allocated to two groups. Group P1 received postoperative LPB and SNB using 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, while group P2 received intravenous opioids. Outcomes at 24 hours included quality of recovery (QoR-40) scores, total morphine consumption, duration of analgesia, and monitored adverse events. Result: Group P1 showed significantly better recovery scores [QoR-40: 183 (178–188) vs. 152 (136–161.5), p < 0.001], reduced morphine consumption [4 (4–6.5) mg vs. 18 (16–22) mg, p < 0.001], and longer analgesia duration [480 (340–600) min vs. 75 (60–110) min, p < 0.001]. No adverse events were observed. Conclusion: Combined LPB and SNB significantly improve postoperative recovery quality and analgesia in patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery, reducing opioid requirements and extending pain-free duration compared to intravenous opioids.

The Association Between Preoperative Anxiety and Pain Severity, Opioid Requirement, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Postoperative Blood Glucose After Gynecologic Laparotomy at Ngoerah Hospital Bora, Fivilia Anjelina; Dewi, Dewa Ayu Mas Shintya; Kurniyanta, I Putu; Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde Agung; Widnyana, I Made Gede; Suarjaya, Putu Pramana; Aribawa, I Gusti Ngurah Mahaalit; EM, Tjahya Aryasa; Parami, Pontisomaya; Labobar, Otniel Andrians
Medicinus Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/med.v15i2.10969

Background: We assessed whether preoperative anxiety is associated with postoperative pain severity, opioid requirement, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and blood glucose after gynecologic laparotomy. Methods: Prospective cohort at Ngoerah Hospital (May to June 2025). Anxiety was measured preoperatively with APAIS and categorized as non-anxious, mild, moderate, or severe. Outcomes were NRS pain at 6, 12, and 24 hours, total fentanyl in the first 24 hours, and NLR and blood glucose at 6 hours postoperatively. Multivariable analysis used MANCOVA (99% confidence intervals). Result: Fifty-four patients were included (mean age 41.78 ± 10.58 years). Anxiety distribution was 46.3% non-anxious, 25.9% mild, 24.1% moderate, and 3.7% severe. Higher anxiety was associated with higher NRS at 6 hours (B 0.842; 99% CI 0.475 to 1.209; p < 0.001), 12 hours (B 0.381; 0.247 to 0.515; p < 0.001), and 24 hours (B 0.158; 0.048 to 0.269; p = 0.048). Anxiety was associated with higher 24-hour fentanyl requirement (B 147.8 microg; 99% CI 124.062 to 171.651; p < 0.001), higher postoperative NLR (B 4.31; 99% CI 0.609 to 8.027; p = 0.024), and higher postoperative blood glucose (B 19.4 mg/dL; 99% CI 7.912 to 30.912; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Higher preoperative anxiety was independently associated with worse pain, greater opioid requirement, and higher postoperative NLR and blood glucose after gynecologic laparotomy.

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