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All Journal Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Abdimas Galuh: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Abdimas Ilmiah Citra Bakti (JAICB) SIMBIOSA Jurnal Pijar MIPA BIO-CONS: Jurnal Biologi dan Konservasi Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia
Rochmad Krissanjaya
Department Of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty Of Health Sciences, Kadiri University, Jalan Selomangleng No. 1, Kediri, East Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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In Vitro Assessment of the Antibacterial Activity of Sapindus rarak (Lerak) and Its Influence on Cellular Immune Markers During Escherichia coli Infection Lisa Savitri; Kharisul Ihsan; Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo; Rochmad Krissanjaya
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.209-213

Abstract

Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli remains a major public health concern, prompting interest in plant-derived compounds with both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of Sapindus rarak (lerak) extract and its influence on macrophage cytokine responses during E. coli stimulation. Lerak pericarp extract was prepared using 70% ethanol and tested against E. coli ATCC 25922 using broth microdilution. Immunomodulatory effects were assessed in RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to heat-killed E. coli, followed by treatment with sub-MIC concentrations of the extract. The results showed moderate antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250 microgram/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 500 microgram/mL. Cell viability exceeded 90% at 50–100 microgram/mL, confirming suitability for immunological assays. Lerak significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-6 production while increasing IL-10 levels, indicating suppression of excessive inflammation and enhancement of regulatory responses. These findings suggest that S. rarak possesses dual antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties, highlighting its potential as a complementary therapeutic candidate for managing E. coli infections where inflammation contributes to disease severity.
Co-Authors Akbar Nur Kholis Alves, Silvina Sandra X. Amanda, Cornelia Anjarwati, Aprilia Antoro, Ester Lianawati Apriana, Dita Cornelia Amanda Datin An Nisa Sukmawati Datin An Nisa Sukmawati Dhony Hermanto Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo Ester Lianawati Antoro Fendy Prasetyawan Fitri, Devi Nor Freitas, Maria Do Carmo Da Costa Hilmi, Mochammad Hanif Ida Septika Wulansari Ihsan, Kharisul Juwita, Syntia Tanu Kharisul Ihsan Kholis, Akbar Nur Konradus Klala Mebung Laili, Nur Fahma Lisa Savitri Loviana, Novi Masyhuri, Aga Adi Mebung, Konradus Klala Mochamad Hanif Hilmi Mochamad Hanif Hilmi Mosse1, Yosep Muttaqin, Saiful Neni Probosiwi Novirma Yanti Novirma Yanti Nurul Ismillayli Rasyadan Taufiq Probojati Retnowati, Ana Syntia Tanu Juwita Syntia Tanu Juwita Tiyas, Eka Wahyuning Tsamrotul Ilmi Wulansari, Ida Septika Yosep Mosse1 Yuneka Saristiana