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Unveiling Differences in Seismic Response: Comparative Study of Equivalent Linear and Nonlinear Analyses in the Central Coastal Region of Bengkulu, Indonesia Anggraini, Giovanny Dhebby; Mase, Lindung Zalbuin; Supriani, Fepy; Misliniyati, Rena; Amri, Khairul; Chaiyaput, Salisa
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 11 No. 1 (January 2025)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.13849

Abstract

Seismic response analysis is a key aspect in earthquake geotechnical engineering, as it provides important insights into the behavior of soils when exposedtoseismic forces. This research compares equivalent linear and non-linear models in the central coastal region of Bengkulu, which is known for its complex geology and high seismicity. By evaluating the accuracy and reliability of each model in predicting ground motion amplification, this research aims to provide useful recommendations for seismic design. The research method uses one-dimensional equivalent linear and nonlinear propagation modeling, namely Pressure Dependent Hyperbolic (PDH). The analysis resulted in the parameters of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), time history acceleration, spectral response acceleration, and amplification factor. The equivalent linear method consistently produced higher values for peak ground acceleration (PGA), spectral response acceleration, time history acceleration, and amplification factor compared to the nonlinear method. The analysis results show that the equivalent linear PGA values are in the range of 0.32g to 0.63g, while the nonlinear values range from 0.20g to 0.52g. The resulting spectral responses are averaged over the design spectrum within 0.2 s to 0.9 s, which can affect low- to high-ceilinged buildings. The equivalent linear amplification factor has a range of 1.59 to 1.91, while the nonlinear has a range of 0.80 to 1.59. Both methods have their advantages, with the nonlinear approach offering greater accuracy for large seismic events, while the equivalent linear model remains useful for preliminary analysis. Hopefully, these findings will improve the understanding of ground response in coastal areas and provide valuable data for improving infrastructure resilience in earthquake-prone areas around the world.
Studi Perbandingan Linier Ekuivalen dan Nonlinier pada Respon Seismik di Daerah Pesisir Annisa Zahara; Mase, Lindung Zalbuin; Fepy Supriani; Rena Misliniyati; Khairul Amri
Siklus : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): Siklus : Jurnal Teknik Sipil
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Lancang Kuning

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31849/siklus.v10i2.20670

Abstract

Area pesisir Kota Bengkulu terletak pada posisi strategis di pertemuan lempeng Indo-Australia dan Eurasia, menjadikannya sebagai wilayah dengan risiko tinggi terhadap aktivitas seismik. Pertemuan lempeng ini menyebabkan intensitas gempa yang signifikan sehingga berdampak pada berbagai permasalahan geoteknik di kawasan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan dua metode analisis, yaitu linier ekuivalen dan nonlinier dalam menilai respon seismik pada wilayah pesisir Kota Bengkulu serta menguji keandalannya dalam analisis respon seismik. Metodologi yang digunakan mencakup studi literatur, pengumpulan data, dan analisis respon seismik menggunakan perbandingan metode linier ekuivalen dan nonlinier model Pressure Dependent Hyperbolic (PDH) yang menghasilkan Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), percepatan respon spektra, dan faktor amplifikasi. Hasil analisis mengindikasikan respon spektra melampaui spektra desain pada periode 0,1-0,4 detik, yang dapat membahayakan bangunan berlantai rendah. Metode nonlinier memiliki faktor amplifikasi sebesar 0,91–1,52g, sementara metode linier ekuivalen sebesar 1,01–1,60g, yang menunjukkan bahwa metode linier ekuivalen berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan struktural yang lebih besar. Selain itu, metode linier ekuivalen menghasilkan nilai PGA yang lebih tinggi di permukaan, tetapi lebih rendah di lapisan bawah jika dibandingkan dengan metode nonlinier. Secara keseluruhan, metode linier ekuivalen memberikan hasil yang lebih konservatif, terutama dalam analisis struktur sederhana dengan nilai PGA kecil. Sebaliknya, metode nonlinier lebih akurat dalam memperhitungkan perilaku nonlinier tanah, terutama pada percepatan gempa besar. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan perlu adanya studi lanjutan mengenai analisis bangunan gedung pada kawasan pesisir kota bengkulu untuk mengidentifikasi risiko yang lebih spesifik terkait infrastruktur yang ada.
The Investigation of Subsurface Beds using Microtremor and Geo-electric Methods in A Liquefied Area in Bengkulu City After The Bengkulu-Mentawai Earthquake Farid, Muhammad; Mase, Lindung Zalbuin; Fathani, Teuku Faisal
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 11 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.11.3.377-390

Abstract

Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, is one of regions prone to earthquake hazards. Daily seismic activity, albeit minor, and imperceptible to humans is common place. Data from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency reveals an average of eight earthquakes per week. Earthquakes often trigger subsequent disasters such as tsunamis, landslides, and liquefaction. However, liquefaction-related phenomena are often overlooked in researchs, particularly concerning subsurface layers. A notable event occurred on September 12th, 2007, when a powerful 8.6 magnitude earthquake struck Indonesia, causing significant damage, particularly in Bengkulu City. This was followed by a liquefaction disaster in Tanah Patah Village, Bengkulu City. Consequently, the aim of this study is to assess the subsurface conditions in the liquefaction-affected area using geophysical techniques, including microtremor and geoelectric surveys. The data was analyzed to evaluate soil conditions in the affected zone. The resistivity values indicate a predominance of water and sand mixtures at depths of 0 - 20 m (ranging from 1.46 to 15.5 Ω·m in Geo_TP-1 and from 4.64 to 15.1 Ω·m in Geo_TP-2). These conditions can facilitate processes like condensation and water flow, leading to sand compaction and increase susceptibility to liquefaction. The findings reveal that loose sand dominates the subsurface layers, rendering them highly vulnerable to liquefaction during intense seismic events. Furthermore, the environmental characteristics of the studied area exacerbate its susceptibility to liquefaction. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of soil conditions in the liquefied zone of Bengkulu City.
PREDIKSI DAMPA MEGATHRUST TERHADAP RESPONS SEISMIK DI KECAMATAN SELEBAR KOTA BENGKULU Fahrezi, Zhehan; Misliniyati, Rena; Amri, Khairul; Mase, Lindung Zalbuin; Hardiansyah
Jurnal Pensil : Pendidikan Teknik Sipil Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Pensil : Pendidikan Teknik Sipil
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21009/jpensil.v14i1.50133

Abstract

Bengkulu City was hit by major earthquakes in 2000 and 2007 with magnitudes of 7.9 Mw and 8.6 Mw. In 2022 BMKG Baai Island, Bengkulu City, said that there is a potential for an earthquake with a maximum magnitude of 8.9. This study was conducted to determine the response of soil layers due to megathrust earthquake wave propagation in Selebar district, Bengkulu City. The study began with field investigations at six points. The seismic response analysis was built based on a one-dimensional wave propagation model with non-linearity. The 2007 Bengkulu-Mentawai earthquake wave with a magnitude of 8.8 Mw was applied as the input wave. PGA, acceleration response spectra, and amplification factors are presented in this study. The resulting PGA ranged from 0.328g - 0.453g. Five points experienced amplification with amplification factors of 1.093 - 1.317. The spectral acceleration has generally exceeded the applicable design spectral acceleration at a period of 0.2 seconds. The spectral accelerations have generally exceeded the applicable seismic design at short periods, with maximum values of 1.27g - 1.64g. So it is necessary to update the seismic design for building planning in Selebar District, Bengkulu City.
Studi Mikrozonasi Kerentanan Seismik dan Bangunan Bertingkat Menggunakan Metode HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) di Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan Novtrisa, Indri; Mase, Lindung Zalbuin; Refrizon, Refrizon; Misliniyati, Rena; Amri, Khairul; Hadi, Arif Ismul; Fadli, Darmawan Ikhlas
Jurnal Fisika Flux: Jurnal Ilmiah Fisika FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Vol 21, No 3 (2024): Jurnal Fisika Flux: Jurnal Ilmiah Fisika FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
Publisher : Lambung Mangkurat University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/flux.v21i3.19616

Abstract

Mikrozonasi seismik merupakan proses pemetaan untuk memprediksi respon tanah terhadap guncangan seismik yang dapat digunakan sebagai acuan mitigasi bencana dan pembangunan yang akan dilakukan di Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data shapefile peta administrasi dan data mikrotremor sebanyak 69 titik. Data mikrotremor kemudian diolah menggunakan metode HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) untuk mendapatkan kurva HVSR. Pengolahan data ini menghasilkan nilai faktor amplifikasi ( ) pada rentang 1,17 – 4,07, nilai frekuensi natural ( ) antara 0,25 Hz – 14,40 Hz, indeks kerentanan seismik (Kg) antara 0,26 – 11,78,  dan nilai periode dominan ( ) antara 0,07 s – 3,86 s. Parameter ini selanjutnya digunakan untuk membuat peta sebaran yang akan memberikan gambaran mengenai distribusi spasialnya. Selain itu, potensi bangunan yang rentan terhadap bencana seismik dengan ketinggian 1 hingga 2 lantai teridentifikasi di Kecamatan Pino Raya dan Kecamatan Kota Manna, sedangkan bangunan dengan ketinggian 1 hingga 4 lantai berada di Kecamatan Pasar Manna.. Berdasarkan nilai-nilai parameter tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa lokasi penelitian masuk ke dalam kategori zona rendah terhadap getaran gempa bumi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan dalam perencanaan mitigasi bencana, khususnya dalam upaya peningkatan ketahanan bangunan di wilayah yang diteliti.
Seismic Response Analysis In The Singaran Pati Sub-District Area of Bengkulu City Using Equivalent Linear And Non-Linear Approaches Priani, Anggela Agus; Misliniyati, Rena; Amri, Khairul; Mase, Lindung Zalbuin; ‎Hardiansyah, Hardiansyah
Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 9, No 2 (2024): EDISI SEPTEMBER 2024
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v9i2.6101

Abstract

Bengkulu City is prone to earthquakes due to its proximity to the meeting point of two active tectonic plates. Singaran Pati sub-district has six villages that are the center of the sub-district government, trade in goods and services, defense, and health centers. This study aims to determine the ground response in the Singaran Pati sub-district due to earthquake wave propagation. The one-dimensional seismic wave propagation modeling method is linear equivalent and non-linear, similar to the Pressure Dependent Hyperbolic (PDH) model, which propagates earthquake waves from the bedrock to the surface. This research resulted in maximum earthquake acceleration or Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) parameters, acceleration spectra response, earthquake wave acceleration, and amplification factor. The PGA value and the amplification factor of the equivalent linear and non-linear models are the largest in the eastern ring sub-district, 0.53 g and 0.45 g. The results of the acceleration spectra response analysis of equivalent linear and non-linear passed the SNI 1726: 2019 design with the most significant value in the equivalent linear model of 2.38 g while the non-linear was 2.01 g. The most considerable earthquake wave acceleration value in the equivalent linear model is 0.53 g, and the smallest value in the non-linear is 0.31 g. The results of this study show that the equivalent linear model produces higher values than the non-linear model. The equivalent linear model shows an overestimation that causes the maximum acceleration value to be greater than the non-linear model, so the non-linear model is more appropriate to use because it is more by the conditions in the field.
Studi Perbandingan Respons Seismik Tanah Berdasarkan Metode Linier Ekuivalen Dan Nonlinier Ahmad, Debby Ariansyah; Mase, Lindung Zalbuin; Fepy Supriani; Rena Misliniyati; Khairul Amri
Siklus : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): Siklus: Jurnal Teknik Sipil
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Lancang Kuning

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31849/siklus.v11i1.20669

Abstract

Sejarah kegempaan Bengkulu mencatat bahwa gempa bumi berkekuatan 8,6 Mw tahun 2007 merupakan gempa terbesar yang melanda Provinsi Bengkulu. Gempa tersebut menimbulkan dampak yang besar sehingga banyak menelan korban jiwa dan menghancurkan fasilitas umum terutama di wilayah Pesisir Selatan Provinsi Bengkulu. Merujuk pada kejadian tersebut, dilakukan sebuah analisis respons seismik tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan respons tanah terhadap gempa dengan metode linier ekuivalen dan metode nonlinier. Informasi yang berkaitan dengan profil tanah dan data gelombang gempa berdasarkan gempa yang pernah terjadi di Kota Bengkulu dikumpulkan. Tahapan analisis respons seismik linier ekuivalen dan nonlinier satu dimensi menggunakan program analisis respons seismik satu dimensi DeepSoil. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), riwayat waktu percepatan gempa, respons spektra percepatan, dan faktor amplifikasi dianalisis dalam studi ini. Penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa model linier ekuivalen menghasilkan nilai lebih besar dari pada model nonlinier dalam setiap parameter yang dianalisis. Nilai PGA model nonlinier adalah 0,31g - 0,51g. Sedangkan nilai PGA model linier ekuivalen adalah 0,46g - 0,60g. Nilai PGA menunjukkan bahwa area penelitian memiliki kerentanan seismik yang tinggi. Respons spektra percepatan telah melebihi desain seismik yang berlaku. Percepatan respons spektra lapisan mencapai nilai maksimum pada periode 0,2 sampai 1 detik dengan nilai percepatan 0,10g sampai 2,74g. Nilai amplifikasi metode nonlinier adalah 0,94 - 1,65. Sedangkan nilai amplifikasi metode linier ekuivalen adalah 1,38 - 1,82. Hasil analisis terhadap faktor amplifikasi dan respons spektra percepatan menunjukkan perlunya pembaruan desain respons seismik untuk perencanaan gedung di Pesisir Selatan Provinsi Bengkulu.
Spatial Distribution Analysis of Geotechnical Properties (Elastic Modulus, Cohesion, and Internal Friction Angle) in Soil Layers of Bengkulu City Hanipa, Rerisa Al; Kamal, Thomas Mustafa; Fikri, Muhammad Haikal; Mase, Lindung Zalbuin; Misliniyati, Rena; Supriani, Fepy; Refrizon, Refrizon
INERSIA lnformasi dan Ekspose Hasil Riset Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur Vol. 21 No. 1 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/inersia.v21i1.78611

Abstract

This study investigates the spatial distribution of key geotechnical parameters—namely modulus of elasticity, cohesion, and internal friction angle—in the dominant soil types of Bengkulu City, Indonesia. Given the region’s complex geological structure and vulnerability to seismic activity, accurate assessment of soil characteristics is essential to support infrastructure development and mitigate geotechnical risks. Bengkulu lies between two active tectonic faults, making soil behavior analysis a crucial component of earthquake-resistant design. A total of 215 geotechnical data points were compiled from previous field investigations, covering a wide range of lithologies, including sandy soils, clay deposits, and various rock layers. The geotechnical parameters were spatially interpolated using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method to generate distribution maps that visualize the variation across different soil layers. This method was selected for its simplicity, effectiveness, and ability to provide weighted estimates based on spatial proximity. The analysis reveals that soils in the southern coastal region generally exhibit lower values of modulus of elasticity and cohesion, indicating a higher potential for deformation and shear failure. In contrast, central and northern areas tend to show higher geotechnical strength parameters, suggesting relatively stable ground conditions. The internal friction angle also increases with depth and material density, with hard rock zones showing the highest values. These findings contribute to the understanding of soil behavior in Bengkulu City and offer valuable insights for geotechnical engineers, urban planners, and disaster mitigation authorities. The spatial analysis of soil strength parameters provides a foundation for more resilient infrastructure planning and can be used as a reference for similar studies in other high-risk seismic regions.
Pemodelan Rute Evakuasi Saat Bencana Erupsi Gunung Dempo Kota Pagar Alam Ivana, Nurdila; Hardiansyah, Hardiansyah; Mase, Lindung Zalbuin; Misliniyati, Rena; Amri, Khairul
JTERA (Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa) Vol 10, No 1: Juni 2025
Publisher : Politeknik Sukabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31544/jtera.v10.i1.2025.147-156

Abstract

Gunung dempo yang terletak di Kota Pagar Alam memiliki potensi erupsi yang dapat membahayakan masyarakat di sekitarnya, sehingga dibutuhkan perencanaan jalur evakuasi yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja jaringan jalan dalam mendukung proses evakuasi bencana erupsi Gunung Dempo. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan four-steps model berdasarkan data geometri jalan, survei arus lalu lintas pada jam puncak, kuesioner dari masyarakat dan pengunjung pariwisata, serta pemodelan eksisting dan simulasi beberapa skenario saat evakuasi. Dari pemodelan eksisting akan dilanjutkan dengan beberapa skenario yaitu Skenario 1 saat evakuasi tanpa perubahan geometri jalan, Skenario 2 dengan pelebaran jalan, dan Skenario 3 yang dikembangkan dari Skenario 2 dengan mempertimbangkan penambahan jalan baru sebagai alternatif. Hasil kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas masyarakat memilih menggunakan sepeda motor dibandingkan mobil sebagai alat transportasi saat evakuasi, yang mengindikasikan penggunaannya yang cepat dan fleksibel. Hasil analisis menggambarkan bahwa penyebaran arus lalu lintas pada pemodelan eksisting sesuai dengan kondisi nyata di lapangan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil Skenario 1 dengan kondisi eksisting sekarang yang menggunakan volume evakuasi memperlihatkan bahwa pelayanan jalan sudah tidak memadai. Oleh karena itu, pada Skenario 2 dan Skenario 3 mempertimbangkan adanya pelebaran jalan dan penambahan jalur aman baru dalam mendukung proses evakuasi. Dari hasil analisis terlihat bahwa adanya pelebaran jalan dan penambahan jalan baru relatif lebih mampu mengakomodir peningkatan volume arus lalu lintas saat evakuasi.
Model Respons Seismik Tanah di Kecamatan Selebar Akibat Perambatan Gelombang Gempa Satu Dimensi Fahrezi, Zhehan; Misliniyati, Rena; Amri, Khairul; Mase, Lindung Zalbuin; Hardiansyah, Hardiansyah
MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL Volume 30, Nomor 2, DESEMBER 2024
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/mkts.v30i2.64462

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the response of soil layers due to earthquake wave propagation in Selebar District, Bengkulu City. This study began with field investigations at six points. Seismic response analysis was built using a one-dimensional wave propagation model with linear and non-linear equivalent methods. The 2007 Bengkulu-Mentawai earthquake wave was applied as the input wave. This study compares PGA, spectral response acceleration, and amplification factors produced by the two methods. The PGA value created by the linear equivalent method is approximately 5%-30 % greater than the non-linear method. The amplification factor produced by the linear equivalent method experiences a greater amplification of roughly 3%-30 % than the non-linear method. Spectral acceleration has generally exceeded the seismic design applicable in the short period, with a value of 1.2g - 2.1g for the linear equivalent method and 1.1g - 1.6g for the non-linear method. Therefore, updating the seismic design for building planning in the Selebar District, Bengkulu City, is necessary.