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Qibla Direction Calculation Methods in Islamic Astronomy References in Indonesia Akbar, Reza; Aslan, Aslan; Mustaqim, Riza Afrian
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol. 22 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v22i2.20422

This research shows that most Islamic astronomy references in Islamic Universities in Indonesia still use the spherical earth concept to explain the qibla direction. However, based on modern astronomy, the earth's shape is not a perfect sphere but an ellipsoid. In addition, a contradiction occurs in the conception of magnetic declination in determining the qibla direction. This research aims to examine the relevance of Islamic astronomy reference books with the concept of geoscience based on the magnetic declination formula and concept. This research also examines the calculation methods for qibla direction based on sharia. This library research applies descriptive- analytic and normative approaches with the data originating from various Islamic astronomy references in the digital library of Islamic universities. This research finds that Islamic astronomy references about the qibla direction are not yet relevant to the concept of geoscience. Most of those references still use references astronomy for qibla calculation. There are still some references contradicting the international consensus regarding magnetic declination. In addition, this study reveals that someone who has the ability to determine the qibla direction through the Vincenty formula should use that concept instead of spherical trigonometry. This is because of skill (ahliyyah) and sincerity (juhd) requirements in ijtihad; Shafi'i's notion regarding ikhtilāf in ijtihād for qibla direction; and Islamic jurisprudence principle stating that certainty is not overruled by doubt.Keywords: Islamic astronomy; qibla direction; spherical trigonometry; Vincenty's formula; sharia AbstrakPenelitian ini berangkat dari fakta bahwa sebagian besar referensi ilmu falak di perguruan tinggi Indonesia masih menggunakan konsep bumi bulat dalam menjelaskan pokok bahasan arah kiblat. Padahal, berdasarkan astronomi modern, bentuk bumi tidaklah seperti bola sempurna, melainkan berbentuk elipsoid. Selain itu, terdapat pula pertentangan konsepsi deklinasi magnetik dalam persoalan penentuan arah kiblat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji relevansi referensi ilmu falak terhadap konsep sains kebumian berdasarkan ketepatan penggunaan formula dan konsep deklinasi magnetik, serta juga menelaah penggunaan formula perhitungan arah kiblat berdasarkan kajian syariah. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kepustakaaan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analitik dan normatif sumber data dari berbagai referensi ilmu falak yang ada di perpustakaan digital perguruan tinggi keagamaan Islam. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa referensi ilmu falak pada pokok bahasan arah kiblat belum relevan dengan konsep sains kebumian. Hal ini disebabkan sebagian besar referensi tersebut masih menggunakan perhitungan referensi astronomi untuk memecahkan persoalan arah kiblat. Beberapa referensi ilmu falak juga tidak mengikuti konsensus internasional mengenai konsep deklinasi magnetik. Selain itu, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa seseorang yang mampu menentukan arah kiblat melalui perhitungan formula Vincenty sebaiknya menggunakannya dan meninggalkan perhitungan trigonometri bola. Hal ini disebabkan beberapa pertimbangan, yaitu pelaksanaan ijtihād yang mewajibkan kecakapan (ahliyyah) dan kesungguhan (juhd), pandangan Shafi’i mengenai penyelesaian ikhtilāf dalam ijtihād penentuan arah kiblat, dan kaidah ushūl al-fiqh yang menyebutkan bahwa keyakinan tidak dapat dihilangkan oleh keraguan (shakk).Kata Kunci: ilmu falak; arah kiblat; trigonometri bola; formula Vincenty; syariah

THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE USE OF THE POLARIS STAR AS A REFERENCE FOR THE NORTH POINT IN DETERMINING THE QIBLA DIRECTION Akbar, Reza; Mustaqim, Riza Afrian
Islam Futura Vol 22 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/jiif.v22i1.9411

The accuracy of determining the north point is a very important matter in determining the Qibla direction. Finding the north using a compass, especially in buildings, is not encouraged so that an alternative method is needed. Apart from using a compass and istiwa stick (gnomon), Polaris can also be used to reference the north, but it is not popular because of its limited appearance, which is only easily observed in areas which located above latitude 10o N. This study aims to examine theoretically the accuracy of Polaris as a reference for the north point in determining the Qibla direction. This research belongs to library research using secondary data. The data were obtained from various sources such as Stellarium software and various relevant articles. Based on this research, it is concluded that in the region near the equator (less than latitude 10o N), Polaris is difficult to observe because it is very low above the horizon. Thus, for the sake of determining the Qibla direction, the results are inaccurate. Whereas in regions that are located far north from the equator (at latitude above 10o N) the north point can be determined easily because Polaris can be observed quite high. Thus, its use in determining the Qibla direction is classified as accurate.

Method For Determining the Qiblat Direction of The Mosque: Analysis of Determining the Qibla Direction of the Al-Islahiyah Mosque, Gampong Lambhuk, Ulee Kareng District, Banda Aceh City Aindana Zulfa; Riza Afrian Mustaqim
Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Desember)
Publisher : Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v3i2.3442

Some village officials want to adjust the direction of the Qibla, but some Gampong residents oppose the plan because residents believe that the direction of the Qibla has been determined by previous generations of scholars. This study will investigate the approach used when the determination of the direction of the Qibla was first carried out, as well as the approach used after the revision in 2017. Qualitative field research (field research) and library research (library research) used descriptive, analytical, and verification approaches. After that, the method of determining the direction of the Qibla of the Al-Ishlahiyah Mosque was described and analyzed. Furthermore, the results of the re-measurement of the current direction of the Qibla were verified using the Compass and Rasdul Qibla/Istiwa A’zam. The results show that first, the direction of the Qibla was determined at the Al-Ishlahiyah Mosque using two methods: Rasdul Qibla/Istiwa A’zam on May 28, 2015 and the Compass tool in 2017. In 1966, the direction of the Qibla was determined with a tool perpendicular to the shadow of the sun's rays before it became a Mosque and was still a Meunasah Gampong. Second, the analysis of the current Qibla direction determination method is appropriate, by following the Compass of the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque in Banda Aceh at point 292o and Rasdul Qiblat/Istiwa A'zam on May 27, 2022 at 16:18 WIB and July 16, 2022 at 16:30 WIB. The calibration results show a slight slope of 11o.

Rekontruksi Kriteria Visibilitas Hilal Serta Dampak Implementasi Kriteria Imkanurukyah MABIMS Baru Dalam Kemaslahatan Ridhokimura Soderi; Darlius Darlius; Riza Afrian Mustaqim
Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Desember)
Publisher : Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v3i2.3642

The aim of this research is to look at several existing hilal visibility criteria and see the extent of the impact that occurred after the implementation of the new MABIMS imakunurukyah criteria. In this research the author uses qualitative research with library data sources (library research) using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques where in this research the author describes in detail the existing criteria for visibility of the new moon and explains the impact of implementing the new MABIMS criteria from the perspective of ushul fiqh rules. The results of this research have the impact of applying the new MABIMS criteria to provide wider benefits in that at least we as Indonesian Muslims are moving forward in thinking about abandoning the old criteria which are no longer in accordance with the development of the world of astronomical science. Even with the implementation of the new MABIMS criteria, there are still differences in starting and ending the month of Qomariyah between Islamic organizations and the government. Differences will still be unavoidable if there is no agreement on the criteria used in determining the start of the Qomariyah month.

FULFILLMENT OF WAGE RIGHTS FOR FEMALE WORKERS: at PT. Oro Kopi, Aceh Tengah Rizki, Ayuni; Syuib, M.; Afrian Mustaqim, Riza
Dusturiyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL DUSTURIAH
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/etzbf494

This study examines the mechanism of the right to wages of permanent female workers in PT. Oro Kopi Aceh Tengah is based on Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. This processing sector is one of the important sectors in rural areas, women workers play a vital role in the dry coffee production process, especially in PT. Copper Sound. The main focus of this research is the implementation of a wage payment mechanism for permanent female workers involved in dry coffee processing. By using qualitative methods and empirical juridical approaches that combine literature review and primary data collection through interviews, observations, and field documentation. The results of the study show that PT. Oro Kopi has implemented a wage payment system in accordance with the Provinsial Minimum Wage (UMP) standards and applicable laws and regulations. However, there is still a need to increase the knowledge of women workers regarding their rights in the world of work so that they can fight for it and be optimally maintained. This research emphasizes the importance of the active role of companies and governments in overseeing and improving legal protection to ensure gender equality and sustainable welfare improvement for women workers while supporting social justice and regional economic development.

Implementation of Restorative Justice in the Settlement of Juvenile Assault Offenses as Street Crimes at the Banda Aceh City Police Nabilla, Rafika; Sulaiman, Badri Hasan; Mustaqim, Riza Afrian; M. Yunus, Fakhrurrazi
El-Hadhanah : Indonesian Journal Of Family Law And Islamic Law Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): El-Hadhanah: Indonesian Journal of Family Law and Islamic Law
Publisher : Prodi Hukum Keluarga Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/hadhanah.v6i1.9844

Restorative justice is an approach to resolving legal cases that involves the offender and the victim in order to achieve a fair settlement by emphasizing the fulfillment of the rights and obligations of the parties based on humanitarian aspects and more dignified and just legal protection. The implementation of restorative justice in this study is carried out in cases of assault committed by children as perpetrators of street crime at the Banda Aceh Police Resort (Polresta Banda Aceh), focusing on the resolution process of several cases between 2023 to 2025. This study aims to examine how restorative justice is implemented in handling cases of child-perpetrated assault as street crime at Polresta Banda Aceh and to identify the obstacles faced in its effectiveness. This study employs a juridical empirical method with statute approach and conceptual approach. Data are collected through interviews with responsible parties at Polresta Banda Aceh and are analyzed descriptively to provide a detailed overview of the implementation of regulations in practice.The findings indicate that Polresta Banda Aceh has attempted to implement restorative justice through penal mediation involving the offender, the victim, and other related parties. However, not all cases are successfully resolved as expected. Out of 9 cases handled, only 3 cases are successfully resolved through restorative justice, while 6 cases are referred to formal judicial proceedings. The implementation still faces several obstacles, including limited family support, the failure to reach an agreement between the offender and the victim, and the lack of optimal support from customary institutions for children. Although the procedures have been carried out in accordance with existing regulations, this condition indicates a gap between legal norms that require diversion and their implementation in practice. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the capacity of law enforcement officers through specialized training, accompanied by public education, as well as integrating customary law values, in order to ensure that restorative justice is implemented more effectively.

Legal certainty in sentencing of local legislative candidates involving village heads in election campaigns (Case study of Bireuen District Court decisions No. 29/Pid.Sus/2024/PN.Bir and No. 30/Pid.Sus/2024/PN.Bir) Anzilahata Anzilahata; Riza Afrian Mustaqim; Nurul Fitria
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 6 No. 7 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Privietlab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v6i7.1996

This study examines an election violation case in Bireuen District, where a DPRK candidate involved a village head (keuchik) in campaign activities, raising legal issues regarding the application of Articles 490 and 493 of the Election Law. The research focuses on analyzing judicial considerations and reviewing legal certainty in the decisions of PN Bireuen No. 29/Pid.Sus/2024/PN. Bir and 30/Pid.Sus/2024/PN. Beer. Using a qualitative normative juridical method with case, statute, and conceptual approaches, the primary data consist of court rulings and the Election Law, supported by legal literature. Findings reveal that the judges established both formal and material elements of the offense but imposed relatively light sentences, which undermined consistency and predictability of rulings. Although the legal norms were upheld, the decisions did not fully realize the principle of legal certainty, highlighting the need for harmonization in sentencing patterns to strengthen certainty in electoral law enforcement.

RELEVANSI JADWAL WAKTU SALAT SEPANJANG MASA Riza Afrian Mustaqim
Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah : Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora Vol. 6 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah : Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Sultan Muhammad Syafiuddin Sambas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37567/alwatzikhoebillah.v6i2.282

Penentuan waktu salat secara praktis merupakan kebutuhan primer dalam Islam. Jadwal waktu waktu salat sepanjang masa pernah menjadi alternatif acuan dalam mengawali awal waktu-waktu salat. Pasalnya hal tersebut dipandang cukup memberikan solusi dalam memulai dan mengakhiri salat. Disisi lain, keberadaan jadwal waktu salat sepanjang masa perlu dikaji kembali tingkat akurasinya. Data matahari yang selalu berbubah-ubah dalam setiap tahunnya menjadi salah satu faktor terjadinya perbedaan waktu dalam setiap tahunnya, sehingga hal ini akan bertentangan dengan jadwal waktu salat sepanjang masa yang mengacu kepada suatu data yang sama untuk sepanjang masa. Belum lagi koordinat lintang dan bujur tempat serta tinggi tempat yang besar kecil akan mempengaruhi hasil perhitungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan relevansi dari jadwal waktu salat sepanjang masa, serta memberikan alternatif keberlakuannya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan tidak relevannya penggunaan jadwal waktu salat sepanjang masa ini, diantaranya: penggunaan lintang dan bujur tempat yang mengacu kepada satu titik dalam suatu daerah, penggunaan equation of time (perata waktu) dan deklinasi matahari rata-rata dan belum adanya standarisasi waktu ihtiyath.

TINJAUAN YURIDIS TENTANG KEWENANGAN KEUCHIK DALAM PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA DI GAMPONG LUENG KECAMATAN JANGKA KABUPATEN BIREUEN Farisa Faradila; Riza Afrian Mustaqim; T.Surya Reza
Journal Ilmiah Rinjani : Media Informasi Ilmiah Universitas Gunung Rinjani Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Journal Ilmiah Rinjani: Media Informasi Ilmiah Universitas Gunung Rinjani
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Gunung Rinjani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53952/jir.v14i1.670

Penelitian ini mengkaji kewenangan Keuchik dalam pengelolaan Dana Desa di Gampong Lueng, Kecamatan Jangka, Kabupaten Bireuen berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh, Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, dan Qanun Kabupaten Bireuen Nomor 6 Tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan penelitian lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan Keuchik merupakan kewenangan atribusi yang mencakup perencanaan, pelaksanaan, penatausahaan, pelaporan, dan pertanggungjawaban dengan batasan pada musyawarah gampong, persetujuan Tuha Peut, serta prinsip transparansi dan akuntabilitas. Secara praktik, pelaksanaannya telah sesuai secara administratif, namun belum optimal secara substantif terutama dalam partisipasi masyarakat dan transparansi anggaran. Efektivitas dipengaruhi oleh faktor yuridis dan non-yuridis seperti kapasitas aparatur, partisipasi masyarakat, budaya sosial, dan integritas kepemimpinan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan kapasitas dan partisipasi masyarakat.

Method For Determining the Qiblat Direction of The Mosque: Analysis of Determining the Qibla Direction of the Al-Islahiyah Mosque, Gampong Lambhuk, Ulee Kareng District, Banda Aceh City Aindana Zulfa; Riza Afrian Mustaqim
Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Desember)
Publisher : Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v3i2.3442

Some village officials want to adjust the direction of the Qibla, but some Gampong residents oppose the plan because residents believe that the direction of the Qibla has been determined by previous generations of scholars. This study will investigate the approach used when the determination of the direction of the Qibla was first carried out, as well as the approach used after the revision in 2017. Qualitative field research (field research) and library research (library research) used descriptive, analytical, and verification approaches. After that, the method of determining the direction of the Qibla of the Al-Ishlahiyah Mosque was described and analyzed. Furthermore, the results of the re-measurement of the current direction of the Qibla were verified using the Compass and Rasdul Qibla/Istiwa A’zam. The results show that first, the direction of the Qibla was determined at the Al-Ishlahiyah Mosque using two methods: Rasdul Qibla/Istiwa A’zam on May 28, 2015 and the Compass tool in 2017. In 1966, the direction of the Qibla was determined with a tool perpendicular to the shadow of the sun's rays before it became a Mosque and was still a Meunasah Gampong. Second, the analysis of the current Qibla direction determination method is appropriate, by following the Compass of the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque in Banda Aceh at point 292o and Rasdul Qiblat/Istiwa A'zam on May 27, 2022 at 16:18 WIB and July 16, 2022 at 16:30 WIB. The calibration results show a slight slope of 11o.

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