Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

The New Criminal Code And Personal Data Protection In The Digital Era A Critical Analysis Of The Concept Of The Application Of The New Criminal Code Nugraha, Roby Satya; Hosnah, Asmak Ul; DP, Sapto Handoyo.; Antoni, Herli; Prihatini, Lilik; Saleh, Weldy Jevis; Parreño, Jasmin L.
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Volume 11, Nomor 2 April-June 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i2.11849

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explain and describe that storing personal data in digital form is considered practical and makes everyone's activities easier, but it has a negative impact in the form of increased crime that follows technological developments, protecting electronic information such as personal data is an important action to protect personal data that is very vulnerable to criminal acts. This journal examines the concept of implementing the 2023 Criminal Code in protecting personal data in the digital era. This study uses a normative legal method with an analysis of statutory regulations. The results of the study show that protecting personal data is the responsibility of the government so that the 2023 Criminal Code has regulated the protection of personal data stored in digital form in criminal acts against informatics and electronics, the implementation of the 2023 Criminal Code will be the basis for regulations that strengthen positive law in protecting personal data that is electronic and stored digitally, law enforcement and written regulations can minimize criminal acts against personal data. In addition to the rules written in the 2023 Criminal Code, real actions are also needed to implement these rules, so that all parties providing justice need to pay attention to the law and provide justice, the public is also expected to be careful in using personal data so that it is not misused by irresponsible parties. Key Words: Criminal Code 2023, Protection of personal data.

The Exploitation of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Artworks: The Challenges of Copyright Recognition in the Post-Human Era Sjofjan, Lindryani; Nugraha, Roby Satya
JURNAL AKTA Vol 12, No 3 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/akta.v12i3.46789

The purpose of this research is to provide an in-depth explanation that the development of artificial intelligence technology (AI) has revolutionized the process of creating digital artworks. AI is now able to produce works that resemble, even surpass, human creations. This phenomenon poses significant legal challenges, especially related to copyright recognition. In the context of the post-human era, where the boundaries between humans and machines are increasingly blurred, the fundamental question arises as to who deserves to be called a creator: human, machine, or both. This article examines the current copyright legal framework and examines the extent to which legal norms are able to accommodate the existence of AI as a creative entity. The method used is a normative juridical approach with analysis of national and international regulations, as well as case studies of a number of AI-based digital artworks. The findings show that the current legal system is not fully ready to regulate the protection of copyrights involving AI autonomously. Therefore, regulatory updates are needed that are responsive to technological advances and still ensure justice for creative actors in the digital era.

Arbitrary Suspect Designation In Corruption Cases The Legal And Human Rights Implications Nugraha, Roby Satya; Iskandar, Eka Ardianto; Siswajanthy, Farahdinny; Darmawan, Iwan; Suhermanto, Suhermanto; Wuisang, Ari
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 3 (2025): Volume 11, Nomor 3 July-September 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i3.12648

ABSTRACTThe determination of a suspect constitutes a legal act by investigators that alters a person’s status from not being linked to a criminal offense into someone who is reasonably alleged to have committed one. This study arises from the Attorney General’s Office’s decision to designate Thomas Trikasih Lembong as a suspect, which was not in accordance with the provisions of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). The research adopts a normative legal method complemented by empirical analysis, relying on secondary sources (literature) and interviews with relevant parties. The theoretical framework employed is based on the Theory of Legal Protection and Progressive Law Theory, which underpin the analytical approach in achieving the research objectives. The findings reveal that the suspect designation against Thomas Trikasih Lembong lacked sufficient preliminary evidence, as the prosecutors failed to prove any actual state financial loss attributable to him. Moreover, the legal provision invoked by the Attorney General’s Office did not meet the required elements of a corruption offense. The study concludes that law enforcement authorities must exercise their powers in compliance with existing legal rules to guarantee both legal certainty and a fair sense of justice for all individuals. Keywords: Corruption, Suspect Designation, Attorney General’s Office, Legal Certainty, Pretrial.

PERJANJIAN KERJASAMA BILATERAL ANTARA INDONESIA DAN CHINA DALAM PRESPEKTIF PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR NEGARA Nugraha, Roby Satya; Astri, Patrisia Maudilia
Pakuan Justice Journal of Law (PAJOUL) Vol 4, No 2 (2023): Volume 4, Nomor 2 Juli-Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/pajoul.v4i2.8717

ABSTRAKTujuan Penelitian ini ialah untuk menjelaskan perkembangan dunia yang ditandai dengan pesatnya kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi telah meningkatkan intensitas hubungan dan interdependensi antarnegara. Sejalan dengan peningkatan hubungan tersebut, semakin meningkat pula kerjasama internasional dalam berbagai bentuk perjanjian internasional termasuk dalam pembangunan infrastruktur. Salah satu kerjasama internasional yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Republik Indonesia adalah dengan Pemerintah China. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitis, menggunakan data sekunder dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dan melakukan pengolahan data dengan kualitatif. Adapun masalah yang didapatkan ialah apakah kerjasama bilateral ini membawa dampak baik bagi Indonesia. diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa kerjasama bilateral antara Indonesia dan China dalam pembangunan infrastruktur akan memberikan dampak positif bagi peningkatan perekonomian di Indonesia. Kata Kunci : Bilateral, Infrastruktur. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to explain the development of the world which is marked by the rapid progress of science and technology which has increased the intensity of relations and interdependence between countries. In line with the increase in these relations, international cooperation is also increasing in various forms of international agreements including in infrastructure development. One of the international cooperation carried out by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia is with the Government of China. This type of research is normative research which is descriptive analytical, using secondary data with data collection techniques through library research and conducting qualitative data processing. The problem encountered is whether this bilateral cooperation has a good impact on Indonesia. it was concluded that bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and China in infrastructure development will have a positive impact on improving the economy in Indonesia.

STUDI KOMPARATIF ANTARA UNDANG-UNDANG ANTITERORISME DI KOREA SELATAN DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG ANTITERORISME DI INDONESIA BESERTA PERKEMBANGANNYA Jeehoon, Moon; Darmawan, Iwan; Satory, Agus; Nugraha, Roby Satya
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 10, No 3 (2024): Volume 10, Nomor 3 July-September 2024
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v10i3.10528

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memberikan analisis tentang persamaan, perbedaan serta perkembangan dari Undang-Undang Antiterorisme di Republik Korea dan Republik Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif empiris. Persamaan Undang-Undang Antiterorisme di Republik Korea dengan di Republik Indonesia adalah sama-sama mendefinisikan tindak pidana terorisme sebagai tindakan yang mengancam keamanan nasional dan masyarakat umum; sama-sama mengatur tentang badan atau lembaga penanggulangan terorisme, yaitu Komite Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme atau disebut dengan National Counter Terrorism Center (NCTC) dan The Counter Terrorism Center (CTC) serta Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (BNPT); sama-sama menerapkan ancaman hukum mati; sama-sama mengatur tentang kompensasi/santunan bagi korban atau keluarga korban terorisme; serta sama-sama mengatur tentang perlindungan bagi pelapor atau informan adanya dugaan tindakan atau rencana terorisme. Sedangkan perbedaan keduanya adalah dalam hal jumlah bab, pasal dan ayat; jumlah perubahan; imbalan uang bagi pelapor atau informan adanya dugaan tindakan atau rencana terorisme; subjek pidana mati; pidana tambahan berupa pencabutan hak memiliki paspor; dan ancaman jumlah ancaman denda. Undang-Undang Antiterorisme yang berlaku di Republik Korea adalah Undang Nomor 14071 Tahun 2016 tentang Tindakan Pemberantasan Terorisme Untuk Perlindungan Warga Negara dan Keamanan Publik yang telah mengalami tiga kali perubahan, yang diubah melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 15608 Tahun 2018, Undang-Undang Nomor 17466 Tahun 2020 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 18321 Tahun 2021. Sedangkan di Indonesia terdapat Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2003 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2002 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme Menjadi Undang-Undang. Kata Kunci: Undang-Undang Antiterorisme, Republik Korea, Republik Indonesia. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to provide an analysis of the similarities, differences and developments of the Anti-Terrorism Law in the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Indonesia. The research method used is the empirical normative legal research method. The similarities of the Anti-Terrorism Law in the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Indonesia are that they both define the crime of terrorism as an act that threatens national security and the general public; both regulate counter-terrorism agencies or institutions, namely the National Counter-Terrorism Committee or called the National Counter-Terrorism Center (NCTC) and The Counter Terrorism Center (CTC) and the National Counter-Terrorism Agency (BNPT); both apply the threat of the death penalty; both regulate compensation/benefits for victims or families of victims of terrorism; and both regulate protection for reporters or informants of alleged acts or plans of terrorism. While the differences between the two are in terms of the number of chapters, articles and verses; number of changes; monetary rewards for reporters or informants of alleged acts or plans of terrorism; subject of the death penalty; additional penalties in the form of revocation of the right to own a passport; and the threat of the amount of the threat of a fine. The Anti-Terrorism Law in force in the Republic of Korea is Law Number 14071 of 2016 concerning Actions to Eradicat Terrorism for the Protection of Citizens and Public Security which has undergone three amendments, which were amended through Law Number 15608 of 2018, Law Number 17466 of 2020 and Law Number 18321 of 2021. Meanwhile, in Indonesia there is Law Number 5 of 2018 concerning Amendments to Law Number 15 of 2003 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2002 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism into Law. Keywords: Anti-Terrorism Act, Republic of Korea, Republic of Indonesia.

STATUS LEMBAGA NEGARA PASCA PERUBAHAN UUD TAHUN 1945 Wuisang, Ari; Nugraha, Roby Satya
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 9, No 4 (2023): Volume 9, Nomor 4 Oktober-Desember 2023
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v9i4.9447

ABSTRAK Tujuan Penelitian ini ialah membahas tentang adanya ketidakjelasan status lembaga negara setelah perubahan UUD Tahun 1945. Banyaknya organ negara yang lahir setelah perubahan UUD Tahun 1945 telah menimbulkan kategori yang tidak jelas tentang subjek yang diberikan status sebagai lembaga negara. Apalagi, dengan dicabutnya Ketetapan MPR No. III/MPR/1978 tentang Kedudukan dan Hubungan Tata Kerja antara Lembaga Tertinggi Negara dengan/atau antar Lembaga Tinggi Negara, menjadikan tiadanya pegangan yang jelas terkait indikator lembaga negara. Sementara itu, UUD Tahun 1945 sendiri tidak memberikan kriteria yang jelas pula dan hanya memberikan konstruksi umum, yaitu “Lembaga Negara yang kewenangannya diberikan oleh Undang-Undang Dasar” (Pasal 24C), tanpa merinci lebih lanjut subjek/organ yang termasuk didalamnya. Terbitnya perubahan UU KPK (UU No. 19 Tahun 2019) yang memberikan status KPK sebagai lembaga negara dalam rumpun eksekutif malahan menimbulkan kebingungan lagi. Seharusnya yang dikatakan sebagai lembaga negara adalah pemegang cabang kekuasaan eksekutifnya, yaitu Presiden, sedangkan KPK sebagai bagian dari eksekutif tidaklah mungkin dapat diberikan status lembaga negara juga seperti halnya Presiden sebagai pucuk pimpinan eksekutif. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dikonstruksikan kriteria-kriteria khusus yang dapat menjadi acuan untuk menentukan organ-organ yang termasuk sebagai lembaga negara dan juga digagas undang-undang payung yang khusus mengatur organ-organ yang diberikan status sebagai lembaga negara. Kata Kunci : Lembaga Negara, UUD tahun 1945, eksekutif. ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to discuss the unclear status of state institutions after the changes to the 1945 Constitution. The large number of state institutions that were born after the changes to the 1945 Constitution gave rise to unclear categories regarding subjects that were given status as state institutions. Moreover, with the repeal of MPR Decree no. III/MPR/1978 concerning Position and Working Relationships between Highest State Institutions and/or between High State Institutions, means that there are no clear guidelines regarding indicators for state institutions. Meanwhile, the 1945 Constitution itself does not provide clear criteria and only provides a general construction, namely "State Institutions whose authority is granted by the Constitution" (Article 24C), without further detailing the subjects/organs included in it. The issuance of changes to the Corruption Eradication Commission Law (UU No. 19 of 2019) which gives the KPK status as a state institution in the executive environment has only added to the confusion. What is meant by a state institution is the holder of executive power, namely the President, while the Corruption Eradication Commission as part of the executive cannot possibly be given the status of a state institution while the President is also a state institution. top executive leaders. Therefore, it is necessary to develop special criteria that can serve as a reference in determining which organs are included as state institutions and also create a legal umbrella that specifically regulates organs that are given the status of state institutions. Keywords: State Institutions, 1945 Constitution, executive

PEMBAHARUAN BERLAKUNYA ASAS LEGALITAS DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2023 TENTANG KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA Nugraha, Roby Satya; Silalahi, Christina Febriani
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 10, No 1 (2024): Volume 10, Nomor 1 Januari-Maret 2024
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v10i1.10164

Abstrak Tujuan Penelitian ini ialah untuk menjelaskan bahwa perkembangan hukum pidana di Indonesia telah mengalami transformasi sejak masa pra-kemerdekaan hingga saat ini. Dalam konteks perubahan sosial dan keinginan untuk menghapuskan produk hukum kolonial serta menggantikannya dengan produk hukum nasional yang mencerminkan nilai-nilai dan kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Asas legalitas, yang semula dinyatakan dalam Pasal 1 ayat 1 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, telah mengalami perubahan menjadi dua pasal dengan penekanan yang lebih kuat terhadap keberlakuan hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat, meskipun tidak diatur dalam perundang-undangan resmi. Ini mencerminkan perubahan paradigma dalam penerapan hukum pidana, memperluas ruang lingkup pemidanaan tidak hanya berdasarkan pada hukum tertulis, tetapi juga pada nilai-nilai yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Namun, hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang kepastian hukum dan konsistensi penggunaan hukum tertulis yang berkontradiksi dengan prinsip lex scripta dalam asas legalitas. Adapun masalah yang timbul dalam penelitian ini bagaimana yang melatarbelakangi lahir nya asas legalitas dalam KUHP Tahun 2023 dan bagaimana makna dan Essensi asas legalitas dalam KUHP Tahun 2023 serta bagaimana penerapan asas legalitas dalam kuhp tahun 2023 dan akibat yang ditimbulkan nya. Adapun penelitian yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif analisis, jenis penelitian normatif empiris, pengumpulan data melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan di dukung dengan penelitian lapangan seperti wawancara, kemudian data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini di olah menggunakan metode kualitatif. Dengan demikian adapun temuan atau keperbaharuan dalam asas legalitas memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap proses peradilan pidana dan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap keadilan hukum. Meskipun perubahan ini bertujuan untuk memperluas ruang lingkup pemidanaan dan memperhatikan nilai-nilai yang hidup dalam masyarakat, namun implementasinya di lapangan masih menimbulkan berbagai perdebatan di masyarakat. Pemerintah dalam hal ini perlunya meningkatkan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat mengenai pembaharuan hukum pidana dalam KUHP, khususnya mengenai Asas Legalitas agar tercipta nya kepastian hukum. Kata Kunci: Asas Legalitas, Perkembangan Hukum Pidana, Hukum Nasional, dan Hukum tertulis. Abstract The aim of this research is to explain that the development of criminal law in Indonesia has undergone a transformation from the pre-independence period to the present. In the context of social change and the desire to eliminate colonial legal products and replace them with national legal products that reflect the values and life of Indonesian society. The principle of legality, which was originally stated in Article 1 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code, has undergone changes into two articles with a stronger emphasis on the application of law in society, even though it is not regulated in official legislation. This reflects a paradigm shift in the application of criminal law, expanding the scope of punishment based not only on written law, but also on the values that exist in society. However, this raises questions about legal certainty and consistency in the use of written law which contradicts the principle of lex scripta in the principle of legality. The problems that arise in this research are what is behind the birth of the principle of legality in the 2023 Criminal Code and what is the meaning and essence of the legality principle in the 2023 Criminal Code and how the legality principle is implemented in the 2023 Criminal Code and the consequences it causes. The research used in this research is descriptive analytical research, empirical normative research, data collection through library research and supported by field research such as interviews, then the data obtained from this research is processed using qualitative methods. Thus, findings or updates in the principle of legality have a significant impact on the criminal justice process and public confidence in legal justice. Even though this change aims to expand the scope of punishment and pay attention to the values that exist in society, its implementation in the field still raises various debates in society. In this case, the government needs to increase outreach to the public regarding criminal law reforms in the Criminal Code, especially regarding the Principle of Legality in order to create legal certainty. Keywords: Principles of Legality, Development of Criminal Law, National Law, and Written Law.

ANALISIS PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA DISERSI APARAT NEGARA Nugraha, Roby Satya; Darmawan, Iwan; Astuti, Astri Puji
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 10, No 2 (2024): Volume 10, Nomor 2 April-Juni 2024
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v10i2.10208

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menjabarkan secara mendasar bahwa Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) adalah kekuatan angkatan perang dari suatu negara berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan. TNI terdiri dari tiga matra yakni matra darat, matra laut dan matra udara yang merupakan garda terdepan dalam menjaga pertahanan dan keamanan wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI). TNI memiliki tugas pokok yakni melakukan operasi militer untuk keperluan perang maupun bukan untuk keperluan perang. Kedudukan anggota TNI di mata hukum tidaklah berbeda dari masyarakat sipil yang mana haruslah tetap tunduk atau patuh terhadap semua aturan hukum yang berlaku di Negara Indonesia ini. Segala perbuatan apapun yang dilakukan oleh oknum anggota yang bertentangan dengan norma-norma hukum yang berlaku dan melanggar peraturan di lingkungan militer pada dasarnya merupakan suatu tindakan yang dapat mencoreng martabat dan nama baik TNI jika hal tersebut tidak segera ditindak lanjuti secara tegas. Adapun identifikasi masalah pada penulisan ini adalah bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap oknum TNI AD yang terbukti telah melakukan tindak pidana penyimpangan seksual dan bagaimana pertimbangan Hakim dalam memutus perkara mengenai tindak pidana penyimpangan seksual yang dilakukan oleh oknum TNI AD. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis, jenis penelitian normatif yuridis yang didukung penelitian empiris, pengumpulan data melalui peneltian kepustakaan (library research) dan penelitian lapangan (field research), kemudian data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan metode kualitatif. Oknum TNI AD yang terlibat dalam tindak penyimpangan seksual ini juga dianggap telah melanggar hukum disiplin militer yang mana selama proses pemeriksaan perkara di persidangan harus didasarkan Hukum Acara Peradilan Militer yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1997 tentang Peradilan Militer. Kata Kunci : Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI), Tindak Pidana Penyimpangan Seksual, Kesusilaan, Peradilan MiliterTop of FormTop of Form.ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to explain fundamentally that the Indonesian National Army (TNI) is the armed forces of a country based on statutory regulations. The TNI consists of three dimensions, namely the land force, sea force and air force, which is the front guard in maintaining the defense and security of the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). The TNI has the main task of carrying out military operations for war purposes and not for war purposes. The position of TNI members in the eyes of the law is no different from that of civil society, which must remain subject to or obedient to all legal regulations in force in the country of Indonesia. Any action carried out by individual members that is contrary to applicable legal norms and violates regulations in the military environment is basically an action that can tarnish the dignity and good name of the TNI if this is not immediately followed up firmly. The identification of the problem in this writing is how criminal responsibility is held for individuals from the Indonesian Army who are proven to have committed criminal acts of sexual deviance and how judges consider in deciding cases regarding criminal acts of sexual deviance committed by individuals from the Indonesian Army. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis, a type of normative juridical research supported by empirical research, data collection through library research and field research, then the data obtained is processed using qualitative methods. The TNI AD personnel who were involved in this act of sexual deviance were also deemed to have violated military disciplinary law, which during the process of examining cases at trial must be based on the Military Justice Procedure Law as regulated in Law Number 31 of 1997 concerning Military Justice. Keywords: Indonesian National Army (TNI), Crime of Sexual Deviance, Morality, Military Justice

The Procedure For Amending The 1945 Constitution Is Reviewed In Terms Of Positive Law Of The Republic Of Indonesia Wuisang, Ari; Nugraha, Roby Satya
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 11, No 1 (2025): Volume 11, Number 1 January-March 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v11i1.11580

Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas prosedur perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar (UUD) Tahun 1945 serta lembaga yang berwenang dalam proses perubahan tersebut. Melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif, penelitian ini menganalisis fleksibilitas atau rigiditas prosedur perubahan UUD 1945 serta mencari formulasi ideal untuk perubahan konstitusi di masa depan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosedur perubahan UUD 1945 pasca reformasi bersifat rigid, dengan persyaratan yang lebih ketat dibandingkan sebelumnya, khususnya dalam mekanisme pengajuan perubahan oleh Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR). Rigiditas ini berpotensi menghambat adaptasi konstitusi terhadap dinamika masyarakat dan perkembangan hukum. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan revisi terhadap persyaratan pengajuan perubahan agar lebih inklusif dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan hukum nasional. Kata kunci: perubahan UUD 1945, prosedur konstitusi, rigiditas hukum, Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, reformasi hukum. Abstract This research discusses the procedures for amending the 1945 Constitution and the institutions authorized to carry out the amendment process. Through a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes the flexibility or rigidity of procedures for amending the 1945 Constitution and seeks ideal formulations for future constitutional changes. The research results show that the procedures for amending the 1945 Constitution after reform are rigid, with stricter requirements than before, especially in the mechanism for submitting changes by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). This rigidity has the potential to hinder the constitution's adaptation to societal dynamics and legal developments. Therefore, this research recommends revisions to the requirements for submitting changes to make them more inclusive and responsive to national legal needs. Key words: changes to the 1945 Constitution, constitutional procedures, legal rigidity, People's Consultative Assembly, legal reform

Fiduciary Guarantee Registration Implementation Through Electronic (Online System) in Indonesia Satory, Agus; Ahmad, Sufmi Dasco; Nugraha, Roby Satya
JURNAL AKTA Vol 11, No 4 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/akta.v11i4.41689

The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of electronic fiduciary registration in Indonesia and to analyze the factors that support and hinder the implementation of electronic fiduciary registration. The research methods taken in this study is a normative juridical approach supported by empirical data. Fiduciary as a guarantee institution is regulated in Law No. 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees and followed up with Government Regulation Number 21 of 2015 concerning Procedures for Registration of Fiduciary Guarantees and Costs for Making Fiduciary Guarantee Deeds. Fiduciary registration cannot be separated from fiduciary collateral because fiduciary registration results in guaranteed legal certainty for creditors and interested parties. However, until now there are still many fiduciary guarantees that are not registered because many things have become obstacles in the registration process for fiduciary guarantees. To overcome the obstacles that occur in daily practice both those that occur in bank financing institutions and non-bank financing institutions (leasing) and notaries in registration of fiduciary guarantees, then the government made a new breakthrough by increasing the service of registration of fiduciary guarantees easily, quickly, and at low cost, namely by conducting electronic fiduciary registration services.

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