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Sustainable Bioplastics from Sweet Corn Cob Waste: Influence of Zinc Oxide and Glycerol on Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability Nurhayati , Indah; Kurniawati , Cici Tri; Kholif, Muhammad Al
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Magister Program of Material Science, Graduate School of Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2025.9.1.1-11

Abstract

The increasing environmental concerns associated with synthetic plastics have driven the search for biodegradable alternatives. This study investigates using sweet corn cob waste (Zea mays L. saccharata) for bioplastic production with varying concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) and glycerol as additives. The objective is to evaluate the influence of these additives on the mechanical properties, functional group composition, and biodegradability of the resulting bioplastics. The experimental procedures involved the delignification of corn cobs, bioplastic synthesis, and subsequent characterization through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile strength and elongation tests, and biodegradability assessments. The results showed that increasing ZnO concentrations improved tensile strength, with the highest recorded at 9% ZnO and 25% glycerol. However, increased ZnO reduced elongation and biodegradability due to increased material stiffness. Conversely, higher glycerol concentrations enhanced flexibility and biodegradability but decreased tensile strength. The optimal formulation was identified at 3% ZnO and 35% glycerol, which provided a balanced combination of mechanical strength and biodegradability. This study demonstrates the potential of sweet corn cob waste as a sustainable raw material for bioplastics, contributing to environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional plastics.
Transforming Tofu Wastewater into Sustainable Organic Fertilizer: A Fermentation Approach with EM4 and Coconut Water Pungut; Putri, Hrismalia Octavianindhita; Al Kholif, Muhammad; Fitria, Firda Lutfiatul
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Magister Program of Material Science, Graduate School of Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2025.9.2.79-86

Abstract

This growing need for sustainable agriculture has made using recycled waste material in plant cultivation a significant area of research. The tofu industry, as a leading producer of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)-rich wastewater, is a valuable substrate resource for microbial fermentation. The application of solid-state fermentation using EM4 with coconut water under aerobic and anaerobic processes works towards acidification of DM, increasing bioavailable nutrients and minimizing environmental implications from untreated wastewater discharge. This study determined the feasibility of fermenting tofu wastewater with coconut water and EM4 to produce liquid organic fertilizer and analyzed the product’s N, P2O5, K2O, C-organic, and C/N ratio. Fermentation occurred at 4:1 of tofu wastewater: fermentation materials, with EM4 concentrations of 10%, 25%, and 50% under anaerobic conditions for 14 days. The fertilizer produced was analyzed and compared with liquid organic health fertilizer according to nonstandard percent by Minister of Agriculture no. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. Results showed that fermentation increased tofu wastewater’s protein and amino acid contents. The highest nitrogen content (3.09 ± 0.023%) was obtained by treatment C (50% EM4), meeting standard requirements (3-6% N). The K2Oconcentration of treatment C peaked at 3.28 ± 0.025% (K2O) within the acceptable range (3-6% K2O). The C-organic content in treatment C reached 10.5 ± 0.094%, exceeding the minimum quality (6%). The P2O5 contents never exceeded the maximum limit (2.22 ± 0.0057%). Although it indicates a rapid-acting fertilizer, the C/N ratio remained low for all treatments.
STRATEGI PEMANFAATAN LAHAN PEKARANGAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA TANAMAN OBAT KELUARGA (TOGA) Sugito, Sugito; Susilowati, Susilowati; Al Kholif, Muhammad
Jurnal Penamas Adi Buana Vol 2 No 2 (2017): Oktober
Publisher : LPPM Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (273.65 KB)

Abstract

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah : (1) Melakukan pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan sebagai taman TOGA sehingga termanfaatkan secara optimal serta dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi, (2) Menambah pendapatan keluarga dengan menjual produk dari hasil budidaya TOGA melalui diversifikasi produk usaha baru atau dijadikan sebagai jamu tradisional, (3) Menyadarkan masyarakat akan pentingnya kelestarian lingkungan untuk mencegah terjadinya pencemaran dan mencegah dampak terjadinya perubahan iklim, (4) Mengangkat desa Kalimati sebagai desa unggulan produk taman TOGA dan pembuatan jamu tradisional berbasis sumberdaya alam lokal. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan kegiatan ini adalah: (1) Pemberdayaan masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan untuk taman TOGA, (2) Pelatihan pembuatan produk hasil budidaya TOGA melalui diversifikasi produk dan usaha baru atau dijadikan sebagai jamu tradisional, (3) Pelatihan kewirausahaan tentang manajemen penjualan dan pembukuan sederhana, (4) Pemberdayaan pemanfaatan lahan secara optimal untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan dan mencegah terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan dan perubahan iklim. Kelompok sasaran yakni Ibu-ibu PKK telah memiliki ketrampilan membuat jamu tradisional dengan memanfaatkan tanaman TOGA yang dapat dijual untuk meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga. Kata Kunci: Taman Toga, Pembuatan Jamu Tradisional, Kelompok PKK, Penghasilan Keluarga
PENURUNAN BEBAN PENCEMAR RUMAH POTONG HEWAN (RPH) MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM BIOFILTER ANAEROB Muhammad Al Kholif; Miftakhul Rohmah; Pungut; Indah Nurhayati; Djoko Adi Walujo; Majid, Dian
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022): SAINS & TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Teknik Lingkungan Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jstl.vol14.iss2.art1

Abstract

Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) di Desa Banyuurip, Kedamean, Gresik belum memiliki fasilitas pengolahan air limbah yang dihasilkannya, sehingga air limbah tersebut langsung dialirkan ke badan air dan menjadi sumber pencemaran air. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi COD dan Amonia pada air limbah RPH menggunakan biofilter anaerob dengan variasi waktu tinggal 1,2,dan 3 hari. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada skala laboratorium menggunakan sistem kontinyu dengan reaktor yang terbuat dari kaca berukuran 20 x 20 x 60 cm bermedia bio ring (keramik ring). Reaktor yang digunakan terdiri dari 3 reaktor dengan masing-masing reaktor menyesuaikan variabel yang digunakan. Debit yang dialirkan sebesar 10 L/hari dengan analisis parameter dilakukan setiap hari selama 5 hari untuk masing-masing reaktor. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa penurunan konsentrasi COD dan amonia tertinggi terjadi pada reaktor 3 hari ke-5dengan efisiensi sebesar 92,22% dan 91,23%. Konsentrasi COD dan Amonia tersebut telah memenuhibaku mutu yang tercantum pada Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur Nomor 72 Tahun 2013 tentang BakuMutu Air Limbah bagi Industri dan/atau Kegiatan Usaha Lainnya.Kata Kunci: Amonia, Bioring, COD, Limbah Cair RPH
Peningkatan Kualitas Air Bersih Sumur Gali Menggunakan Teknologi Filtrasi Al Kholif, Muhammad; Putra, Muhammad Uke Dwi; Sutrisno, Joko; Sugito, Sugito; Majid, Dian; Nurhayati, Indah
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024): SAINS & TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Teknik Lingkungan Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jstl.vol16.iss2.art3

Abstract

The most common problem encountered in the use of well water is the presence of metal contaminants, particularly iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). One alternative solution is the use of filtration with zeolite and activated carbon. This research aims to improve the quality of well water by reducing Fe, Mn, and turbidity levels using filtration technology. The treatment reactor consists of two reactors with the difference between reactors 1 and 2 lies in the type of media used. Reactor 1 uses zeolite media, and reactor 2 uses activated carbon. The filtration column used is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 10 cm and a length of 1 m. The independent variable in this study is the composition of the filtration media, consisting of a combination of quartz sand-zeolite and quartz sand-activated carbon. The research findings show that in reactor 1, the decrease in Fe levels from the first day to the third day is 0.4975 mg/L, 0.6175 mg/L, and 0.605 mg/L, whereas in reactor 2, it is 0.9175 mg/L, 0.7725 mg/L, and 0.685 mg/L. The decrease in Mn levels in reactor 1 over three consecutive days is 0.08 mg/L, 0.07 mg/L, and 0.05 mg/L, while in reactor 2, it is 0.12 mg/L, 0.09 mg/L, and 0.06 mg/L. The decrease in turbidity levels in reactor 1 consecutively is 20.825 NTU, 13.305 NTU, and 11.09 NTU, while in reactor 2, it is 21.4775 NTU, 18.36 NTU, and 12.23 NTU. These filtration results have met the clean water quality standards according to PERMENKES No. 32 of 2017.
THE EFFECT OF ROTOR ROTATION SPEED ON DECREASED LABORATORY LIQUID WASTE POLLUTING PARAMETERS Kholif, Muhammad Al; Sutrisno, Joko; Nurhayati, Indah; Setianingrum, Retno
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 5, NUMBER 1, OCTOBER 2021
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i1.10572

Abstract

aboratory wastewater is produced through laboratory activities. Laboratory wastewater can have a large impact on the environment if it is not processed before being discharged into the water body. Laboratory waste treatment can be carried out using suspended growth technology to reduce pollutant loads, especially Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Aims: This study aims to treat wastewater produced by the activity of laboratory using suspended growth technology. Methodology and Results: This research was conducted by finding the most efficient rotor rotation in degrading the load of BOD5 and COD pollutants. The reactor used is a Mixed Flow Reactor type reactor made of acrylic material with a thickness of 5.5 mm. The reactor is arranged into three series with the same sampling time and different rotor turns that expressed in rotors per minute (rpm). The reactor series consists of Reactor I with 50 rpm rotor rotation speed, 100 rpm Reactor II and 150 rpm Reactor III. Processing is carried out using 8 hours of detention time and variation of sampling time every 8 hours. Conclusion, significant and impact study: From the results of the study obtained the highest level of effectiveness of reducing pollutant load on processing using 150 rpm rotor rotation and 40 hours sampling time which is 94.6% for BOD5 parameters and 94.4% for COD parameters.
DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING VERMIFILTER COMBINED WITH CANNA INDICA Sutrisno, Joko; Nurhayati, Indah; Al Kholif, Muhammad; Rahmaniasari, Dinda
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 5, NUMBER 3, OCTOBER 2022
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12752

Abstract

Untreated domestic wastewater can pollute the aquatic ecosystem. Vermifilter integrated with the Canna indica plant is one of the technological alternatives that can be used to treat domestic wastewater. One of affecting the performance of vermifilters is the vermibed media. Aim: This study aims to examine the effect of vermibed material on the concentration of COD, TP, DO, and the pH value of domestic wastewater treated with vermifilter combined with Canna indica plants. Methodology and Results: The research was conducted on a laboratory scale with a a continuous system using a plastic reactor dimension of 59 x 38 x 29 cm, which is filled with sand filter media, coconut fiber, gravel, and vermibed. The vermibed reactor consists of 4 reactors including reactor 1 (R1) vegetable vermibed, reactor 2 (R2) sawdust, reactor 3 (R3) banana peel, and reactor 4 (R4) cow dung. The results showed that  at the end of the research, the best performance is showed by reactor R2 that able to decrease COD 94.81%, TP 92.07%, DO increase 320.00%, pH 6.30±0.10.  Vermibed sawdust (R2) can lower COD, TP and raise DO higher to treat domestic wastewater by combining vermifilter with Canna indica plant.  Conclusion, significance, and impact study:  Vermifilter with Canna indica plant is an effective wastewater treatment in reducing COD, TP, increasing DO and pH value.   This treatment is easy processing of operation and maintenance, does not require large land, can be done on an individual scale, and is environmentally friendly.
PENURUNAN BEBAN PENCEMAR PADA LIMBAH DOMESTIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MOVING BED BIOFILTER REAKTOR (MBBR) Al Kholif, Muhammad
Al-Ard: Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2018): September
Publisher : Department of Environmental engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic State University Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29080/alard.v4i1.365

Abstract

Air limbah domestik umumnya mengandung zat pencemar seperti Biological Oxigen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxigen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), dan partikel tercampur. Zat pencemar ini biasanya melebihi standar baku mutu.air limbah domestik berdasarkan peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur nomor 52 tahun 2014. Teknologi yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknologi Moving Bed Biological Reactor (MBBR). Tujuannya yaitu mengkaji kemampuan MBBR bermedia kaldness terhadap penurunan beban pencemar pada limbah cair domestik. Air limbah domestik yang dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian bersumber dari daerah Gembong RW 5 Surabaya. Penelitian dilakukan selama 7 hari untuk mengetahui seberapa besar efisiensi MBBR dalam menurunkan beban pencemar tersebut. Masa aklimatisasi berlangsung selama 18 hari untuk mencapai kondisi steady state. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode grafik. Hal ini dilakukan untuk memudahkan dalam pembacaan hasil analisis. Parameter limbah yang dianalsisi yaitu BOD5, COD dan TSS. Hasil pengamatan awal limbah cair domestik sebelum terolah adalah pada kadar BOD sebesar186,24 mg/L, kadar COD sebesar 352 mg/L dan kadar TSS sebesar 400 mg/L. Dari hasil pengamatan dilapangan diperoleh efisiensi penyisishan BOD5 adalah 83,3%, efisiensi COD sebesar 84,2% dan efisiensi penyisishan TSS sebesar 90%.
Pengaruh Waktu Tinggal dan Media Tanam pada Constructed Wetland untuk Mengolah Air Limbah Industri Tahu Al Kholif, Muhammad; Pungut; Sugito; Joko Sutrisno; Winda Sulistyo Dewi
Al-Ard: Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): March
Publisher : Department of Environmental engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic State University Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29080/alard.v5i2.901

Abstract

Tofu industry waste pollution is still a serious problem. The high burden of tofu industrial waste pollutants is still a major problem. besides, the unavailability of the budget for processing and the limitations of a cheap and efficient treatment system are factors supporting the pollution of tofu waste in the environment. This study examines the efficiency of reducing BOD5 and COD treated with constructed wetlands using water jasmine plants (Enchinodorus palaefolius). The system used is the wetland subsurface with continuous flow. The media used include sand and biochar with a residence time of 12 hours 18 hours. Whereas pH, temperature, and flow rate are conditioned as control variables. The greatest efficiency of BOD5 and COD occurs in reactors using biochar media and a residence time of 18 hours with an efficiency of BOD5 of 50.52% and COD of 55.02%.
Penerapan Teknologi Fitoremediasi untuk Menghilangkan Kadar COD dan TSS pada Air Buangan Industri Tahu Al Kholif, Muhammad; Istaharoh, Ida; Pungut; Sutrisno, Joko; Widyastuti, Sri
Al-Ard: Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021): March
Publisher : Department of Environmental engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic State University Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29080/alard.v6i2.1177

Abstract

Tofu industrial wastewater is a contributor to environmental pollution. Wastewater contains high levels of COD and TSS. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reducing pollutant loads in tofu liquid waste by using the phytoremediation method using water jasmine (Echinodorus Palaefolius). The initial stage of the research was a preliminary test to determine the initial content of the waste. The acclimatization process is carried out by observing the process of plant growth during the research process. To maximize plant growth, dilution is carried out with various concentrations of 25% wastewater with 75% diluting water and 50% wastewater with 50% diluting water. Sampling was carried out every 12 hours for 5 days. The results showed that the highest effectiveness of COD reduction occurred in RFT 25% with a residence time of 12 hours at 39.83%, while for TSS parameters the highest effectiveness was at RFT 25% with a residence time of 12 hours by 69%.