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Functional Disorders of the Biliary System: Biliary Dyskinesia and Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Mikailla, Romy Healthy; Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini; Wardana, Shira Putri; Firdaus, Nadine Aisyah Sultan; Ramadhan, Panji Sena; Aghni, Hasna Tazkia; Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.9955

Abstract

Functional biliary disorders are conditions caused by biliary dysmotility without the presence of gallstones, sludge, microlithiasis, or microcrystalline disease. The most common functional biliary disorders are biliary dyskinesia and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. This study employed a literature review method by searching and reviewing various references from online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Functional biliary disorders such as biliary dyskinesia and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction often cause biliary pain without gallstones. Although not life-threatening, these disorders can affect quality of life and require appropriate management. Pharmacological treatments such as NSAIDs and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can help alleviate symptoms of biliary disorders, but surgical interventions such as cholecystectomy and sphincterotomy may be necessary for more severe cases. The choice of treatment method should take into account the risks and complications, and be carried out by an experienced medical team.
Osteochondroma: A Literature Review with Case Illustrations Firdaus, Nadine Aisyah Sultan; Aliyyu, Aisah; Zubaedi, Alisha Chaerani; Prawiro, Aurellia Wongso; Remtaya, Baiq; Rameci, Hadil Hudati Awwari; Aghni, Hasna Tazkia; Kusuma, I Gusti Ketut Artha Jaya; Ramadhan, Panji Sena; Mikailla, Romy Healthy
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10183

Abstract

Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor, typically discovered during periods of skeletal growth. Although frequently asymptomatic, it may cause pain, deformity, neurovascular compression, or in rare instances undergo malignant transformation into secondary chondrosarcoma. This study presents a case-based literature review to illustrate the spectrum of clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies of osteochondroma. Three representative cases were analyzed: a 52-year-old female with talar osteochondroma presenting with ankle pain and swelling; a 17-year-old male with distal femoral osteochondroma manifesting as a posterior thigh mass with minimal symptoms; and a 26-year-old female with Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME) who developed secondary chondrosarcoma. The comparison highlights that solitary lesions are often managed effectively with simple excision, while HME carries a higher risk of malignant transformation requiring more complex interventions, such as total hip replacement and adjuvant radiotherapy. Overall, osteochondroma generally has an excellent prognosis; however, careful evaluation and long-term monitoring are crucial, particularly in patients with HME.
Immunobiology and Molecular Approaches to Myasthenic Crisis in the Context of Tropical Biology Ningsih, Nur Aulia Ahya; Rifki, Muhammad; Firdaus, Nadine Aisyah Sultan; Latifa, Nindy Citra; Fathana, Prima Belia
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10513

Abstract

Myasthenic crisis is a severe acute complication of myasthenia gravis (MG) characterized by respiratory and bulbar muscle insufficiency due to impaired neuromuscular transmission, with pathogenesis involving autoantibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors (AChR), muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LPR4) that disrupt the integrity of the neuromuscular junction. This review aims to examine the immunobiological mechanisms of myasthenic crisis and explore the potential of modern biotechnological therapies and tropical bioactive compounds as adaptive treatment strategies for tropical populations. A comprehensive literature review was conducted focusing on genetic factors, tropical environmental influences, and advancements in molecular therapies. Genetic factors, including HLA class II and non-HLA genes, interact with tropical environmental conditions such as endemic infections, high temperature, extreme humidity, air pollution, and vitamin D deficiency, potentially exacerbating immune dysregulation and increasing crisis risk. Modern molecular therapies, including rituximab (anti-CD20), eculizumab (anti-C5), and efgartigimod (FcRn inhibitor), have demonstrated efficacy in reducing pathogenic autoantibodies and improving neuromuscular function, while tropical bioactive compounds such as curcumin and andrographolide show potential as adjuvant immunomodulators. Integrating biotechnological approaches with tropical bioprospecting provides a more adaptive and sustainable therapeutic strategy aligned with the biological characteristics of tropical populations. It is recommended that further clinical studies evaluate the safety, optimal dosing, and long-term efficacy of combined biotechnological and bioactive therapies in these populations.
Diverticulitis: A Literature Review Husnul Khotimah, Andi; Firdaus, Nadine Aisyah Sultan; Haikal, Muhammad; Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini; Zubaedi, Alisha Chaerani; Hanifah, Hanum Retno; Prawira, I Nyoman Dio Yudha; Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10317

Abstract

Diverticulitis is an inflammatory disease of the intestinal wall that often occurs in the elderly and is commonly located in the sigmoid colon. Risk factors for diverticulitis include a low-fiber diet, obesity and smoking, while physical activity and a healthy diet can lower the risk. Treatment of diverticulitis includes the use of selective antibiotics, especially in patients with complications or high risk, and surgical intervention may be required in complicated cases. The prognosis of the disease depends on age, severity, and the presence of complications, with a significant risk of recurrence in some patients. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive explanation of the definition, classification, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, management, complications, prognosis, and prevention of diverticulitis. This literature review was conducted using a literature study method, with data sources obtained from online databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar.