The enforcement of criminal law in tackling business crimes related to the illegal transfer of land rights must be carried out comprehensively through regulatory strengthening, capacity building of law enforcement officers, digitalization of land administration, and community empowerment in monitoring and reporting to ensure legal certainty and prevent land mafia practices that harm public interests. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of criminal law in addressing business crimes in the agrarian sector, particularly in cases of unlawful transfer of land rights, and to identify efforts to optimize the enforcement of criminal law to enhance the effectiveness of eradicating such crimes. This study employs a normative legal research method with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach to analyze regulations and the application of criminal law in combating business crimes in the agrarian sector, particularly the unlawful transfer of land rights, through literature review and descriptive-analytical qualitative analysis. The research findings indicate that criminal law plays a crucial role in addressing business crimes in the agrarian sector, especially the unlawful transfer of land rights, by imposing strict sanctions on perpetrators and implementing preventive measures such as strengthening digital-based land administration systems and increasing transparency in land certificate issuance. These crimes often involve document forgery, land grabbing, and abuse of authority by officials, making regulations such as the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), Articles 263 and 266 of the Criminal Code (KUHP), and the Law on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes essential instruments for legal action. Optimizing criminal law enforcement must be carried out comprehensively through regulatory revisions, capacity building for law enforcement officers, and community empowerment in preventing and reporting agrarian crimes. The government must also strengthen the Land Mafia Task Force and promote the digitalization of land administration to reduce opportunities for document forgery and manipulation. With this strategy, the legal system is expected to be more effective in tackling agrarian business crimes and ensuring legal certainty and justice in land management in Indonesia