Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Article Per Year (5 Year)

All

Edcomtech Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan

EDCOMTECH
Website

Published by Universitas Negeri Malang

ISSN : 25489879 EISSN : 25992139 DOI : -

Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Art, Social,

Arts Humanities Education Social Sciences

Edcomtech is a journal in the field of educational technology which contains conceptual studies and empirical findings in scientific disciplines of educational technology theories and practices. The covered topics are involved the foundation and philosophy of educational technology, design and implementation, assessment and evaluation, strategies and models of general and specific learning, research and development methods, research and development methods, emerging technologies, and technology integration in learning. Journal of Edcomtech is willing to facilitate writers to disseminate conceptual ideas, development, and research findings which are useful in the development of science, study programs, and educational technology profession.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 153 Documents

7 8 9 10 11

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Dasar Tata Rias Wajah untuk Mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Vokasional Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PVKK) Tata Rias Aprillia Evi Mursanti; Achmad Noor Fatirul; Hartono Hartono
Edcomtech Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstrak: Kualitas pembelajaran yang baik, salah satunya di dukung oleh literatur yang baik pula. Dengan adanya bahan ajar yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli maka pembelajaran akan menjadi lebih baik. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4D. Hasil yang didapat dari validasi desain menyatakan kelayakan bahan ajar tata rias di Prodi PVKK rata-rata validasi ahli 88% (kategori sangat baik/layak). Hasil validasi untuk ahli desain rata-rata 83% (kategori baik/layak), Sedangkan untuk hasil penilaian dari dosen pengajar Prodi PVKK dinilai 98% yakni diartikan dalam kategori sangat baik. Sedangkan uji dalam kelompok kecil sebesar 84,1% yang artinya baik (layak), dan uji kelompok besar yakni 86,15% yang artinya sangat baik (layak). Dengan demikian bahan ajar dasar tata rias dapat mendukung pembelajaran tata rias berjalan baik dan lancar. Abstract: The quality of good learning is supported by good literature. By this teaching material that have been validated by the experts, the learning process will be better. The research method is a development model of 4D. The results obtained from SME (Cosmetology Experts) stated that the feasibility of the teaching materials in the PVKK Study Program, the average is 88% (very good/proper category). Validation results for design experts an average of 83% (good/decent category), while for the results of the assessment of the lecturer of the PVPK Study Program rated 98%, which is interpreted in the excellent category. While the test in small groups is 84.1%, which means good (feasible), and the large group test is 86.15%, which means very good (feasible). Thus the basic teaching materials for cosmetology can support cosmetology learning to run well and smoothly.

Pengembangan Game Petualang untuk Pembelajaran Berhitung Indah Rahmawati; Ibut Priono Leksono; Harwanto Harwanto
Edcomtech Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstrak: Penelitian ini menghasilkan media pembelajaran berupa game yang diaplikasikan pada perangkat yang memakai sistem android. Selama ini anak-anak menghilangkan kejenuhan dengan game. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan media pembelajaran berupa game yang bertujuan agar siswa dapat memanfaatkan waktu luang dengan sesuatu yang berguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan media pembelajaran game petualang yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli isi, ahli media dan ahli desain sebagai pendukung pembelajaran berhitung. Metode dalam penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan (P&P). Penelitian ini menghasilkan data berupa game petualang untuk pembelajaran berhitung yang dilengkapi buku petunjuk penggunaan bisa diperoleh di playstore. Validasi ahli isi sebesar 84,76%, validasi ahli media dan desain sebesar 91,82%, Angket respon siswa terhadap game petualang untuk pembelajaran berhitung mencapai kriteria sangat baik. Abstract: This study developed a learning media in the form of games that were applied to devices using the Android system. During this time children eliminate boredom with games. Therefore, learning media in the form of games are developed so that students can take advantage of free time with something useful. This research aims to provide adventurous game learning media that have been validated by material experts, media experts and design expert as a support for numeracy learning. The method in this research use the Research and Development (P&P) method. This study produces form adventurous games for numeracy learning that are equipped with user manuals can be obtained at Playstore, Material expert validation is 84,76%, Media and design expert validation is 91,82%. Questionnaire responses of students to the adventurous game for learning to count reached very good criteria.Abstract: This study produces learning media in the form of games that are applied to devices using the Android system. So far, children get rid of boredom with games. Therefore, it is necessary to develop learning media in the form of games that aim so that students can take advantage of their spare time with something useful. This study aims to provide an adventurous game learning media that has been validated by content experts, media experts and design experts as support for learning to count. The method in this development research uses the Research and Development (P&P) method. This research produces data in the form of an adventurous game for learning arithmetic which is equipped with a user manual which can be found in the playstore. Content expert validation was 84.76%, media and design expert validation was 91.82%, student response questionnaires to adventurous games for learning arithmetic reached very good criteria. This study developed a learning media in the form of games that were applied to devices using the Android system. During this time children eliminate boredom with games. Therefore, learning media in the form of games are developed so that students can take advantage of free time with something useful. This research aims to provide adventurous game learning media that have been validated by material experts, media experts and design experts as a support for numeracy learning. The method in this research use the Research and Development (P&P) method. This study produces a form of adventurous games for numeracy learning that are equipped with user manuals can be obtained at Playstore, Material expert validation is 84.76%, Media and design expert validation is 91.82%. Questionnaire responses of students to the adventurous game for learning to count reached very good criteria.

Pengaruh Flipped Classroom Menggunakan Google Classroom Berbahan Ajar Video Tutorial pada Mata Kuliah Kalkulus Kinzie Feliciano Pinontoan; Mario Walean
Edcomtech Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstrak: Pengembangan Mobile Learning Berbasis Android Pada Mata Kuliah Strategi Pembelajaran Universitas Baturaja Penelitian ini menerapkan flipped classroom (FC) pada perkuliahan kalkulus untuk menyelidiki pengaruhnya terhadap hasil belajar dan motivasi mahasiswa. Google Classroom (GC) digunakan untuk sesi luar kelas dan video tutorial digunakan sebagai media penyampaian seluruh materi. Penelitian ini berbentuk eksperimen kepada sampel 42 mahasiswa dari program studi Farmasi, dan Teknik Geologi di Universitas Prisma, terdiri atas dua kelas yakni kelas eksperimen dengan perlakuan penelitian dan kelas kontrol yang melaksanakan perkuliahan konvensional. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan tes tertulis untuk mengukur hasil belajar dan kuesioner untuk mengukur skor motivasi. Desain penelitian menggunakan post-test only control group design. Uji statistik t dua sampel dan uji t berpasangan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif penerapan flipped classroom menggunakan Google Classroom (FC-GC) berbahan ajar video tutorial terhadap hasil belajar dan motivasi mahasiswa pada perkuliahan kalkulus.Abstract: This study applied flipped classroom (FC) in Calculus lectures to investigate its effect to students’ learning achievement and motivation. Google Classroom (GC) was used for out-class sessions and tutorial videos were used to deliver the materials. An experiment was conducted toward a sample of 42 students of Universitas Prisma on Pharmacy, Architecture, and Technical Geology Department, which was consisted of two groups; (1) experiment group with the treatment of this study and (2) control group with conventional lectures. The instruments were written test as post-test to measure the learning achievement and questionnaire to measure the motivation score. Statistics test of 2-sample t and paired t were used in this study. The results showed that there was a positive effect of flipped classroom using Goggle classroom (FC-GC) with tutorial videos toward students’ learning achievement and their motivation in calculus lectures.

Pengembangan Modul IPA Kelas VI dengan Model Cooperative Learning Moh Shobirin
Edcomtech Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan Modul IPA dengan Model Cooperatif Learning kelas VI yang dirancang lebih menarik, melatih mandiri, kreatif dan inovasi, sesuai kebutuhan siswa serta mengembangkan kompetensi, karakter dan literasi siswa. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan Dick, Carey & Carey, disesuaikan desain pembelajaran. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) hasil validasi ahli desain pembelajaran, dan ahli isi/ materi (2) hasil uji teman sejawat, (3) data hasil uji coba lapangan. Teknik analisis ini digunakan untuk mengolah data yang diperoleh melalui lembar evaluasi dalam bentuk deskriptif dan mengukur kevalidan menggunakan rumus yang telah ditentukan. Hasil validasi dari ahli materi mencapai skor kevalidan 3,5. Sedangkan dari ahli desain pembelajaran materi bahan ajar yang dikembangkan skor kevalidan 3,64. Hasil Uji Teman sejawat terhadap materi mencapai skor kevalidan 3,6. Sedangkan hasil uji coba pada siswa secara keselurhan kevalidan bahan ajar mencapai 3,55. Dari data dan analisis yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk pengembangan Modul IPA dengan Model Cooperatif Learning dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan ajar pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas VI Sekolah Dasar yang mencapai kevalidan sangat valid, dan mampu mengembangkan ranah berpikir kritis, kreatif, kerjasama dan mampu menyelesaikan masalah.Abstract: This study aims to produce a Science Module with a Class VI Cooperative Learning Model that is designed to be more interesting, to train independently, creatively and innovatively, according to students 'needs and develop students' competence, character and literacy. The development model used by Dick, Carey & Carey. The selection of this model is based on the theoretical foundation of learning design. The type of data used in this study are (1) the results of the validation of the learning design expert, and the content / material expert (2) the results of the peer testing, (3) the data from the field trial results. This analysis technique is used to process data obtained through evaluation sheets in descriptive form and measure validity using predetermined formulas. The results of the validation of the material experts reached a validity score of 3.5. While the learning design expert on teaching materials developed a validity score of 3.64. Peer Test Results for the material reached a validity score of 3.6. While the results of trials on students as a whole the validity of teaching materials reached 3.55. From the data and analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that the product development of the Natural Sciences Module with the Cooperative Learning Model can be used as teaching material in Natural Science classes VI of Primary Schools that reach validity and is very valid, and is able to develop the realm of critical thinking, creative, collaboration and able to complete problem.

Analisis Komparasi Problem Based Learning Dengan Team Assisted Individualization Pada Penguasaan Kompetensi “Mekanisme Katup & Sistem Bahan Bakar” Kelas XI SMK Holis Harifi; Djoko Adi Walujo; Sugito Sugito
Edcomtech Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstrak: SMK sebagai sekolah vokasi berbeda dengan sekolah menengah umum lainnya. Lebih menekankan pada kompetensi atau keahlian. Pembelajaran yang monoton tidak variatif, membosankan dan lebih banyak terpusat pada guru, menyebabkan tidak efektif dan menyenangka. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana analisis komparasi PBL dan TAI efektif dalam penguasaan kompetensi “Mentup Simbahkar” akronim mekanisme katup dan sistem bahan bakar pada Pemeliharaan Mesin Sepeda Motor kelas IX. Berdasarkan hasil olah data dapat dilihat: (1). Aktifitas positif pada siklus I sebesar 61%, siklus II sebesar 76%, dan siklus III sebesar 84%, sedangkan aktifitas negatif pada siklus I sebesar 30%, siklus II sebesar 10%, dan siklus III sebesar 10%; (2). Rata – rata kelas pada siklus I sebesar 71, siklus II sebesar 81, dan siklus III sebesar 88, (3). Ketuntasan belajar peserta didik pada siklus I sebesar 28,5%, siklus II sebesar 100%, dan siklus III sebesar 100%.Abstract: Vocational school as a vocational school is different from other public high schools. Put more emphasis on competence or expertise. Monotonous learning is not varied, boring and is more centered on the teacher, causing ineffective and unpleasant. This study uses a Class Action Research (CAR) approach aimed to find out how the comparative analysis of PBL and TAI is effective in mastering the competence of "Mentup Simbahkar" valve mechanism and fuel system acronyms on Class IX Motorcycle Engine Maintenance. Based on the results of data processing can be seen: (1). Positive activity in cycle I was 61%, cycle II was 76%, and cycle III was 84%, while negative activity in cycle I was 30%, cycle II was 10%, and cycle III was 10%; (2). The average class in cycle I was 71, cycle II was 81, and cycle III was 88, (3). Mastery learning of students in the first cycle of 28.5%, the second cycle of 100%, and the third cycle of 100%.

Kelayakan Bahan Ajar Materi Perbandingan Trigonometri yang Berorientasi Hots pada Siswa SMA Fahrur Rosyi; A. Noor Fatirul; Hartono Hartono
Edcomtech Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan dari pengembangan bahan ajar matematika materi perbandingan trigonometri untuk siswa SMA. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di SMA Negeri 3 Sampang. Faktanya di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika khususnya materi trigonometri di SMA Negeri 3 Sampang hasil pembelajarannya belum maksimal, baik itu tentang respon siswa dan aktivitas pembelajaran siswa. Hal ini disebabkan karena belum adanya bahan ajar yang menarik dan mudah dipahami oleh siswa khususnya materi perbandingan trigonometri. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah inovasi dan pengembangan bahan ajar yang sangat menarik dan beda dari buku-buku yang biasa beredar di pasaran. Dalam merancang bahan ajar ini, peneliti menggunakan model pengembangan Dick and Carey yang telah dimodifikasi. Bahan ajar dari pengembangan ini divalidasi oleh ahli materi bidang studi matematika dan ahli media, selain itu juga diuji coba kelompok kecil yang terdiri dari 9 siswa. Hasil dari uji validasi ditemukan bahwa Secara keseluruhan ahli materi memberikan penilaian pada bahan ajar diperoleh skor rata-rata 4,15. Ahli media memberikan penilaian pada bahan ajar tentang aspek kegrafikan yang terdiri dari ukuran buku, desain sampul dan desain isi diperoleh skor rata-rata 4,23. angket respon siswa (uji kelompok kecil) yang terdiri dari 9 siswa tentang ketertarikan, isi materi dan bahasa diperoleh skor rata-rata 4,68 sehingga secara keseluruhan bahan ajar dapat dikategorikan sangat layak. This research aims to determine the feasibility of the development of teaching materials math trigonometry comparative material for high school students. Facts on the ground show that the study of mathematics, especially trigonometry matter of learning outcomes is not maximized, be it about the response of students and student learning activities. This is due to lack of instructional materials interesting and easily understood by students, especially trigonometry comparison material. In designing these materials, researchers used a Dick and Carey model of development that has been modified. The results of the validation test found thatOverall subject matter experts provide an assessment of the average score of 4.15. Media experts provide an assessment of the average score of 4.23. student questionnaire responses (test small groups) receive an average score of 4.68 so that the overall teaching materials can be categorized as very feasible.

Indonesian Undergraduate EFL Students’ Perceptions toward Flipped Classroom Amanda Vira Maharani; Hamamah Hamamah; Ika Nurhayani
Edcomtech Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract: The aim of this study was to find Indonesian undergraduate EFL students’ perceptions towards the implementation of flipped classroom. This study implemented survey research design and perceptions were found out through questionnaire and the questionnaires were spread to 30 students who experienced the implementation of flipped classroom. The questionnaire consisted of two aspects, namely meaningful and competence aspects. The results of questionnaire of perceptions were statistically calculated. The data on meaningful aspect revealed that mostly the students had positive perceptions toward the implementation of flipped classroom. On the other hand, in competence aspect, the students perceived that flipped classroom was beneficial for their writing competence. However, for the pre-class activities, such as viewing video and reading e-materials, the students had varied perceptions on it. They actually like the idea to have an additional video-lecture and e-material to prepare them before the class, but they did not really see the meaning by doing that pre-class activities. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan persepsi mahasiswa EFL Indonesia terhadap penerapan flipped classroom. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain survey dan data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan disebarkan kepada 30 siswa yang mengalami implementasi flipped classroom. Kuesioner terdiri dari dua aspek, yaitu aspek kebermaknaan dan kompetensi. Hasil kuesioner dihitung secara statistik. Data pada aspek kebermaknaan mengungkapkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa memiliki persepsi positif terhadap pelaksanaan flipped classroom. Di sisi lain, dalam aspek kompetensi, siswa merasa bahwa flipped classroom bermanfaat untuk kompetensi menulis mereka. Namun, untuk kegiatan pra-kelas, seperti menonton video dan membaca materi daring, siswa memiliki berbagai persepsi di dalamnya. Mereka menyukai ide untuk meononton video pengajaran dan materi daring tambahan untuk mempersiapkan mereka sebelum kelas, tetapi mereka tidak benar-benar melihat arti pada pelaksanaan kegiatan pra-kelas tersebut.

Video Tutorial English Kuy untuk Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Pariwisata Putu Dian Danayanti Degeng; Irene Nany Kusumawardani; Galuh Indah Asri; Eleazar Evan Moeljono
Edcomtech Vol 6, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um039v6i12021p236

Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan video tutorial sebagai media pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang layak di kampung tematik Kajoetangan Malang. English Kuy dikembangkan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan media instruksional dari Lee dan Owens. Berdasarkan hasil uji ahli, dapat disimpulkan bahwa video tutorial ini secara teoritis adalah baik dan dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris untuk level dasar/pemula. Video tutorial English Kuy ini dapat digunakan oleh pekerja wisata di Malang terutama para penjual makanan, pemilik warung atau masyarakat umum yang tertarik untuk belajar Bahasa Inggris level dasar atau pemula tentang pariwisata dan keramah-tamahan.Abstract: This research was conducted to develop a video tutorial as a medium of English learning activity in the thematic village of Kajoetangan Malang. English Kuy was developed using an instructional media development model from Lee and Owens. Based on the results of experts validation, it can be concluded that this video tutorial is theoretically suitable and can be used as a medium of learning English for the basic/beginner level. The English Kuy video tutorials can be used by tourism workers in Malang, especially food vendors, food stall owners, or the general public who are interested in learning basic or beginner-level English about tourism and hospitality.

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Tata Rias Pengantin Solo Putri Mochamad Noor Hendra; Subandowo Subandowo; Yoso Wiyarno
Edcomtech Vol 5, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstrak: Peran pendidikan vokasi dalam serapan tenaga kerja sudah tidak bisa dinafikan lagi pentingnya. Akan tetapi penelitian yang membahas proses pengembangan bahan ajar vokasi, hingga validasi pada level terapan masih cukup terbatas. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada pembentukan materi dan validasi pada mata kuliah Tata Rias Pengantin Indonesia 1, di Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya Indonesia. Hasil studi menunjukkan kelayakan bahan ajar tata rias pengantin solo puteri, dengan rata-rata validasi ahli kategori sangat layak. Hasil validasi untuk ahli desain rata-rata 90% (kategori layak), Sedangkan untuk hasil penilaian dari teman sejawat/dosen tata rias pengantin rata-rata 95% (kategori layak). Hasil studi ini memberikan dukungan untuk penerapan pada proses perkuliahan.Abstract: The role of vocational education in generating employment has been prevalent throughout modern times. However, fewer studies have discussed the development process of vocational teaching materials, from validations to applications. This article contributed to the discussion of the material development and validation in Traditional Wedding Makeup, Solo style’s course in Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya, Indonesia. The results of this study supported the applicability and validity of the developed teaching materials. Explicitly, expert designers agreed on the use of contents by 90%, while peer-lecturers concurred by 95%. The result implied the usability and applicability in the classroom.

Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Kognitif Berbasis Google Form Pelajaran Matematika Iwan Hariono; Iskandar Wiryokusumo; Achmad Noor Fathirul
Edcomtech Vol 6, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um039v6i12021p057

Abstrak: Buku pedoman berupa instrumen penilaian kognitif berbasis google form pelajaran matematika kelas v dihasilkan dari Penelitian pengembangan ini. Selama ini dalam kegiatan penilaian matematika, kebanyakan pendidik masih menggunakan cara lama dengan sistem penilaian berbasis kertas (paper based). sedangkan tuntutan orang tua dan peserta didik menginginkan suatu penilaian yang praktis, cepat, dan efisien tetapi tetap memperhatikan prosedur penilaian yang benar yaitu penilaian berbasis online dengan memanfaatkan google form. Model ADDIE (Analisis, Desain, Development, Implementasi, dan Evaluasi) yang digunakan dalam penelitian tersebut. Jenis data yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil validasi ahli media, ahli materi, dan uji coba kelompok kecil. Validasi ahli materi sebesar 85%, validasi ahli media sebesar 93%, Angket respon kelompok kecil terhadap latihan soal matematika berbasis google form sebesar 81%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk pengembangan ini dapat dijadikan sebagai referensi karena interpretasinya mencapai kriteria sangat layak sehingga produk ini bisa diimplementasikan.Abstract: The guide in the form of a cognitive assessment instrument based on Google form a Class V mathematics lesson resulted from this development research. During the mathematical assessment activities, most educators are still using the old way with paper-based assessment systems. While the demands of parents and learners want a practical, fast, and efficient assessment but still pay attention to the correct assessment procedures that are online-based assessments by utilizing Google forms. Model ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) used in the study. The types of data used in this study are the results of media expert validation, material experts, and small group trials. Validation of material members amounted to 85%, media expert validation of 93%, small group response to the practice of a Google form-based math problem of 81%. Thus it can be concluded that this development product can be used as a reference because the interpretation reaches the criteria is very feasible so that this product can be implemented

Page 9 of 16 | Total Record : 153

7 8 9 10 11

Filter by Year

2016 2024

Filter By Issues

All Issue Vol 9, No 2 (2024): Issue in Progress Vol 9, No 1 (2024) Vol 8, No 2 (2023) Vol 8, No 1 (2023) Vol 7, No 2 (2022) Vol 7, No 1 (2022) Vol 6, No 2 (2021) Vol 6, No 1 (2021) Vol 5, No 2 (2020) Vol 5, No 1 (2020) Vol 4, No 2 (2019) Vol 4, No 1 (2019) Vol 3, No 2 (2018) Vol 3, No 1 (2018) Vol 2, No 2 (2017) Vol 2, No 1 (2017) Vol 1, No 2 (2016): Volume 1, Nomor 2, Oktober 2016 Vol 1, No 2 (2016) Vol 1, No 1 (2016) More Issue

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name -

Contact Email -

Phone -

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address -

Location Kota malang, Jawa timur INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA