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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 602 Documents
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Duration of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment predicts recovery of retinal sensitivity Rose, Rose
Universa Medicina Vol 28, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2009.v28.133-138

Abstract

The decision to treat a disease is often based on the presence or absence of symptoms, one prototype case being rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Detachment of the neural retina from the pigment epithelium is a major cause of anatomical and functional dysfunction of the retina, where retinal recovery is inversely related to duration of detachment. The purpose of retinal reattachment is to effect recovery of the photoreceptors and pigment epithelium from degeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the critical duration of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment resulting in optimal retinal recovery after reattachment. A prospective study was conducted at a private hospital in Yogyakarta. Thirty five eyes were involved in this study. Three months after reattachment, central retinal recovery was measured by means of a Goldmann manual kinetic perimeter. The results showed that retinal recovery developed three months after surgery if the onset of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was less than 28 days before surgery. The results were not significant if the onset of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was more than 35 days. Although the Goldmann manual kinetic perimeter can efficiently detect central retinal sensitivity, it should be supported by more sensitive tools to evaluate the anatomy and function of the retina.
Honey improves lipid profile of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats Nurmasitoh, Titis; Pramaningtyas, Miranti Dewi
Universa Medicina Vol 34, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.177-186

Abstract

BackgroundCoronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, including Indonesia. One of the risk factors for CHD is hypercholesterolemia. One of the natural products that has been developed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia is honey. Honey contains fructooligosaccharides, various vitamins, minerals, and enzymes which are supposedly able to lower blood cholesterol levels. This research aimed to study the influence of honey on the levels of blood total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in Wistar rats. MethodsThis study was of experimental post test control group design. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into 4 groups. K1 was the negative control group (with normal diet), K2 was the positive control group (with high-fat diet), P1 was fed a high-fat diet for 7 days, followed by high-fat diet plus honey for the next 7 days. P2 was fed a high-fat diet for 7 days, followed by regular diet plus honey for the next 7 days. After completion of this treatment, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels were measured by the cholesterol oxidase phenol+aminophenazone (CHOD-PAP) method using enzymatic spectrophotometry principles. ResultsThere were significant differences in total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels between all groups after day 15 (p<0.05). ConclusionHoney supplementation was able to reduce the blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL. Honey supplementation accompanied by non-cholesterol feeds could more effectively lower total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL serum levels in Wistar rats.
Incidence of malaria is clustered and buffers around plantations: a spatial analysis Yudhi Wibowo; Agung Saprasetya Dwi Laksana; Joko Mulyanto; Madya Ardi Wicaksono; Agus Y Purnomo
Universa Medicina Vol. 34 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.138-148

Abstract

BackgroundMalaria is re-emerging because of imported cases and the presence of potential vectors that can transmit and spread malaria. Malaria is a health problem in Banyumas District. Mapping the spread of infectious diseases is epidemiologically important. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the variables and the epidemiology of malaria that were spatially modeled using the geographic information system (GIS).MethodsThis was a case-control study with ratio of 1:1. Cases were malaria-positive patients and controls were people without malaria, as diagnosed by microscopic examination. Minimum sample size was 139 per group and total sample size was 282 people. Chi-square was used to test the relationship between the variables, and GIS modeling to determine the spatial distribution of malaria cases.ResultsThere were significant relationships between level of income below minimum wage, not using mosquito nets, not using wire netting, not using insect repellents, habit of going out at night, history of malaria, cattle sheds not located between woods and residential area, history of going to endemic areas, residence at distances <1000 m from plantations, bushes, swamps and puddles, with incidence of confirmed malaria (p<0.001). The group of cases living <1000 meters from plantations numbered 141 (100%).ConclusionsMalaria incidence is clustered and buffers around plantations at <1000 m. Malaria hot spots are displayed as risk maps that are useful for monitoring and spatial targeting of prevention and control measures against the disease.
Complications as important predictors of disability in ischemic stroke Pinzon, Rizaldy Taslim; Sanyasi, Rosa De Lima Renita
Universa Medicina Vol 36, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2017.v36.197-204

Abstract

BackgroundStroke is the main cause of disability and death in many countries. The high incidence of disability in stroke survivors requires special attention to determine various predictive factors of disability. This study aimed to identify the various predictive factors of disability in ischemic stroke.MethodsThis study was a cross sectional study on 4510 ischemic stroke patients. Each patient’s data had been recorded in the electronic stroke registry of Bethesda Hospital. Ischemic stroke diagnosis was confirmed by brain CT scan, which was interpreted by a neurologist and a radiologist. Disability was assessed using the modified Rankin scale. Predictors of disability were assessed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the data. ResultsThe subjects were predominantly males, &gt;60 years of age, and suffered stroke for the first time. The incidence of disability was 31.5% (1420/4510). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of complications (OR: 6.43; 95% CI: 4.74-8.73; p&lt;0.001), decreased level of consciousness (OR: 4.82; 95% CI: 3.95-5.90; p &lt;0.001), onset ³3 hours (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.52-2.45; p&lt;0.001), recurrent stroke (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.39-1.90; p&lt;0.001), and age &gt;60 years (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.35-1.79; p&lt;0.001) were independent predictive factors of disability.ConclusionWe demonstrated that a substantial proportion of patients with ischemic stroke become disabled. And the presence of complications was the most predictive factor of disability in ischemic stroke.
A retrospective study of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage Wahjoepramono, Eka J.
Universa Medicina Vol 28, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2009.v28.69-76

Abstract

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is a serious disease despite progressing medical knowledge. SICH appears suddenly without warning, unlike ischemic strokes that are often preceded by a transient ischemic attack. Outcome is determined by the initial severity of the bleeding; mortality and morbidity of SICH are high. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of type, location, and outcome of SICH. A retrospective review was conducted on the records of 2042 cases admitted to a private hospital in Karawaci, Tangerang, between 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2008. Analysis was done on type, location, and the final outcome measures by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). The results of the study showed that the most prevalent type of SICH was hypertensive stroke, amounting to 1698 cases (83.1%), and the least commonly encountered type was dural fistula totaling  5 cases (0.3%). SICH due to hypertensive stroke frequently occurred in the basal ganglia (50.8%) comprising the putamen, caudate nucleus and globus pallidus. On average, the outcome at the time of dismissal was good, where 105 cases (88.2%) were GOS 4 and 5. SICH requires prompt and appropriate management. Therefore the signs and symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage should be promptly recognized and followed by appropriate ancillary examinations in order to promptly determine the management required, including possible surgical interventions.
Potential of turmeric rhizome essential oils against Aedes aegypti larvae Roselina Panghiyangani; Leni Marlinae; Isnaini Isnaini; Fauzi Rahman
Universa Medicina Vol. 31 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2012.v31.20-26

Abstract

BACKGROUNDDengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has long been a serious health problem in Indonesia, including Kalimantan (Borneo), as is evident from the increased case fatality rate in Banjarbaru city. Synthetic chemical insecticides have frequently been used to eradicate mosquitoes, but are toxic to the body and resistance of adult and larvae mosquito Aedes aegypti has been reported. The present study aims to assess the effect of essential oils of turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma domestica Val) against Aedes aegypti larvaeMethodsThis was an experimental study of post test one group design, performed in two phases, using Aedes aegypti larvae as test organisms. In the first phase, laboratory-reared larvae were used for calculation of the LC50 and LC90, while in the second phase the test organisms were larvae taken from 75 buildings that had been designated based on a preliminary survey in four sub-districts in Banjarbaru city with a high incidence of dengue cases. Probit analysis of was used to calculate LC50 and LC90, and the Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the larvicidal potency of turmeric rhizome essential oils. ResultsThis study demonstrates that turmeric rhizome essential oils effectively killed laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti larvae at an LC50 of 9.239 ppm and an LC90 of 13.565 ppm. The effectiveness of the essential oils of turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma domestica Val.) for killing Aedes aegypti larvae in residential areas was 68%.ConclusionTurmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) rhizome essential oils can kill Aedes aegypti larvae, are environment friendly and can be used for the control of mosquitoes.
Quercetin reduce cardiomyocytes damage in type 2 diabetic rats Asri Hendrawati; Nadhir Nadhir
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.185-191

Abstract

BACKGROUNDDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases which are characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting in various complications. A major macrovascular complication of DM is cardiac failure due to cardiomyopathy. Hyperglycemiaincreases oxidative stress, so an oxidative-stress reducing therapeutic agent is required, e.g. the antioxidant quercetin. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of quercetin in reducing damage to cardiomyocytes of type 2 diabetic rats.METHODSThis research is an experimental study using 40 rats. With simple randomallocation, rats were divided into eight groups, then type 2 diabetes mellituswas induced using streptozotocin (5 rats per group). The test material wasquercetin given at doses of 5, 20 and 80 mg/kgBW/day orally for 4 weeks.Each single dose of quercetin was given in combination with glibenclamide 5mg/ kgBW/day. After 4 weeks the rats were decapitated and the cardiac tissuestaken to quantify the percentage of cell damage after hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE).RESULTSQuercetin at a dose of 80 mg/kgBW/day can lower cardiomyocyte damagebetter than quercetin at doses of 5 or 20 mg/kgBW/day. A combination ofquercetin and glibenclamide can significantly lower levels of cardiomyocytedamage better than quercetin without glibenclamide (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONQuercetin at a dose of 80 mg/kgBW/day with or without glibenclamide canlower damage to cardiomyocytes of type 2 diabetic rats. Thus quercetin mightserve as a valuable protective agent in cardiovascular inflammatory diseasesin diabetic rats.
Catechins decrease neurological severity score through apoptosis and neurotropic factor pathway in rat traumatic brain injury Ratnawati, Retty; Arofah, Annisa Nurul; Novitasari, Anastasia; Utami, Sartika Dewi; Hariningsih, Made Ayu; Rahayu, Masruroh; Rianawati, Sri Budhi; Purnomo, Hari; Dalhar, Mochammad
Universa Medicina Vol 36, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2017.v36.110-122

Abstract

BACKGROUNDCatechins inhibits apoptosis through anti oxidant and anti inflamation pathway. Catechins also increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). There was a few research that explained the role of catechins in traumatic brain injury (TBI). The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of catechins administration on neurologic severity score (NSS) through apoptosis and neurotropic pathway in traumatic brain injury rat model.METHODSA post test only controlled group design was performed using traumatic brain injury rat (Rattus novergicus) model through weight drop models. It was devided into negative control group, positive control group, TBI+catechins 513 mg/kgBW, TBI+catechins 926 mg/kgBW, TBI+catechins 1113 mg/kgBW. NSS was measured in the first hours, day three, and day seven. The expressions of NFkB, TNFa, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3, caspase 8, BDNF, and the numbers of apoptosis cells were evaluated by imunohistochemystry method. One way Anova and Kruskal Wwallis were used to analyse the data.Results TNFa, caspase 8, number of apoptosis cells were significantly decreased on the seventh day administration compared to the third day administration (p&lt;0.05). Catechins increased the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and BDNF significantly (p&lt;0.05). Yet, there were no significant differences between expression of caspase 3, NSS, Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and BDNF toward third days administration of catechins compared with seven days administration (p&gt;0.050).ConclusionsAdministration of catechins decreased NSS through inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, as well as induced the neurotrophic factors in rat brain injury. Catechins may serve as a potential intervention for TBI.
Decreased magnesium level and membrane potential of glaucoma patients Nnodim, Johnkennedy; Elemba JE, Obioma; Constance, Nwadike; Ukamaka, Edward; Treasure, Njoku-Obi; Folorunso, Jimoh Raifu; Magnus, Nsonwu
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.105-109

Abstract

BackgroundOne of the most important sight-threatening eye disorders in ophthalmology is glaucoma. Together with age related macular degeneration it is the most common cause of irreversible blindness. Magnesium (Mg) is considered to improve the ocular blood flow in glaucoma patients and could protect the retinal ganglion cell against oxidative stress. Membrane potential refers to the difference in electrical potential between the intracellular and the extracellular of a biological cell. The objective of this study was to determine the Mg serum level and membrane potential in glucoma subjects.MethodsA case-control study was conducted in eighty confirmed glaucoma patients and eighty normal subjects between 50 to75 years were selected. The serum sodium, potassium and calcium were estimated using Randox Kit. While membrane potential was determined by calculation using Nerst Equation. Magnesium levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer technique. An independent t-test was used to analyze the data. ResultsThe results obtained showed that the level of Magnesium serum (1.11 ± 0.14 mg/dL) and membrane potential (176.40 ± 42.00 J) was significantly decreased in glaucoma as compared to the controls (2.4 ± 0.68 mg/dL) and (251.76 ± 191.99) (p&lt;0.05). The serum sodium, potassium and calcium were also significantly decreased among glaucoma subjects compared to control (p&lt;0.005).ConclusionThe result probably suggests, that decrease in magnesium aggravates glaucoma while decrease in membrane potential could cause poor energy transmission and hence affect ocular blood flow. Hence, decreased magnesium and membrane potential levels contributes greatly to glaucoma.
The role of tea in cardiovascular disease Gunawijaya, Fajar Arifin
Universa Medicina Vol 27, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2008.v27.125-131

Abstract

Tea is an infusion of the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, which is not to be confused with so-called ‘herbal’ teas. Some biologically active chemicals in tea include flavonoids, caffeine and fluoride. For as long as people have been drinking tea, there have been health benefits associated with it. However, it has only been within the past 20 to 30 years that scientific studies have been conducted to investigate the validity of these claims. Many animal studies, and recently an increasing number of human studies, including epidemiological studies and clinical trials, have examined the relationship between tea drinking and health. Overall, observational studies in humans suggest that daily consumption of at least 3 cups of tea may be associated with a risk reduction of mortality (44%) after myocardial infarction compared with non-tea drinkers. The possibility that tea consumption reduces the risk of cardiovascular events remains open to the need for further clinical trials to clarify the effects of tea polyphenols in humans in order to recommend their use against cardiovascular diseases.

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