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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 602 Documents
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Assessment of compliance to standard precautions among nurses using the Health Belief Model Rusli, Noer Triyanto; Mansyur, Muchtaruddin; Kekalih, Aria; Sulistomo, Astrid; Werdhani, Retno Asti
Universa Medicina Vol. 39 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2020.v39.199-206

Abstract

BACKGROUNDThe application of Standard Precautions (SP) has become a significant challenge for healthcare workers, especially in developing countries, endangering their safety and increasing their exposure to blood-related pathogens. This study was aimed at exploring the factors related to nurses’ compliance with the practice of SP.METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 nurses working at a hospital in Palembang. Health Belief Model components of the subjects were recorded through questionnaires. A 12-point observation form assessed the nurses’ SP compliance. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore factors associated with nurses’ compliance.RESULTSThe results showed that 56.7% of participants had good compliance, although the five moments of hand hygiene still needed to be improved. The study revealed that the proportion of the operating room and emergency room nurses who complied with the SP was larger than the proportion of those who worked at the other wards (OR=2.57, 95% CI 1.51-4.36). The nurses who had received training also showed a larger proportion of compliance with SP than those who had not been trained (OR=2.70, 95% CI 1.07-6.79).CONCLUSIONNurses’ behavior to SP was significantly associated with the adequacy of the training and work unit. It is suggested that the practice of SP was also influenced by enabling factors and subjective norms. Adequate training of nurses, provision of infection prevention equipment, and assessment of occupational exposures need to be introduced.
Nephroprotective effect of soy (Glycine Max (L.) Merr.) flour against diazinon-induced renal toxicity in rats Wisudanti, Desie Dwi; Normasari, Rena; Herdiyana, Firman
Universa Medicina Vol. 39 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2020.v39.192-198

Abstract

BackgroundDiazinon is a widely used pesticide to eradicate agricultural pests globally with the potential to cause harmful effects on humans by generating free radicals and depleting endogenous antioxidants. Soy flour possesses high antioxidant effect. This study evaluated the nephroprotective effect of soy flour  on diazinon-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. MethodsAn experimental laboratory study was carried out involving 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 6 rats. The normal control (Kn) and the negative control (K-) groups received normal saline, the treatment groups (K1, K2, K3) received 10%, 15%, and 20% soy flour in distilled water, respectively, on day 1 to day 28. Subsequently, for five days, all groups received diazinon 40 mg/kg, except for the normal control group. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were measured at the end of the study. The Kruskal Wallis test with the post hoc Mann Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. ResultsBlood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were lower in all treatment groups (K1, K2, K3) compared to the negative control group (K-), while the K3 level was the lowest (24.28 ± 1.56 mg/dL and 0.93 ± 0.14 mg/dL).  There was a significant decrease in BUN and creatinine levels in the experimental rats of the 15% and 20% soy flour groups (K2, K3) compared to the negative control group (K-).ConclusionAdministration of soy flour (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) had a nephroprotective effect in preventing increases in BUN and creatinine levels of diazinon-induced nephrotoxic male Wistar rats.
Myogenin level tends to decrease in adult male cigarette smokers Ihim, Augustine Chinedu; Manafa, Patrick O.; Ekechukwu, Vincent T.; Vera, Manafa I.; Chukwudi, Victor N.; Ogbuowelu, Sabina O.
Universa Medicina Vol. 39 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2020.v39.178-183

Abstract

BackgroundThe World Health Organization has warned that cigarette smoking is an avoidable risk factor for endothelial injury. Myogenin might play a role in muscle metabolism and energy utilization. Electrolytes and minerals are involved in most cellular activities. The objective of this study was to compare myogenin and electrolyte levels between adult male cigarette smokers (CS) and non-smokers (NS). MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 90 subjects, consisting of 55 CS and 35 NS. The sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine myogenin levels while the ion-selective electrode method was used to determine electrolyte levels. The levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride and the body mass index (BMI) were measured. Mann-Whitney and independent t-test were used to analyse the data. Results The BMI of CS was significantly lower than that of NS (p < 0.05). The mean serum levels of sodium (145.23 ± 1.87), potassium (4.00 ± 0.31) and chloride (103.95 ± 1.60) were significantly higher in the CS than in the NS (these being 142.38 ± 2.49, 3.83 ± 0.33, and 101.48 ± 2.08, respectively) (p<0.05). Myogenin levels (44.24 ± 14.60 pg/mL) tended to decrease in the CS group compared to the NS group (59.66 ± 61.73 pg/mL), but the difference was statistically not significant (p=0.769).Conclusion The study demonstrated that higher concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride with lower concentrations of myogenin in smokers may be associated with higher risk of skeletal muscle tissue injury probably due to the inability of the affected small blood vessels to transport electrolytes to tissues.
Limited health literacy increases the risk of orthorexia nervosa among urban schoolteachers Yilmazel, Gulay; Bozdogan, Serpil
Universa Medicina Vol. 39 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2020.v39.162-170

Abstract

Background Orthorexia nervosa (ON) describes a pathological obsession with proper nutrition that is characterized by a restrictive diet, ritualized patterns of eating, and rigid avoidance of foods believed to be unhealthy or impure. Limited health literacy may play a role in the onset and progression of orthorexia. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between health literacy and ON among urban schoolteachers.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in central Black Sea region of Turkey with 420 primary and secondary schoolteachers aged between 18 and 51 years. A questionnaire form including socio-demographic characteristics was used. The Orthorexia Nervosa Questionnaire (ORTO-15) was used to assess orthorexia nervosa behavior and the Turkey Health Literacy Scale (TSOY-32) to assess health literacy. Simple binary and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were carried out to verify the associations between the variables.ResultsOf the study group 46.4% were in the 40-49 year age group, 53.8% were male, 78.6% had ON and 93.6% had limited health literacy. Nearly all of the orthorexics (96.4%) had limited health literacy. Female gender, Instagram use and limited health literacy was significantly associated with ON. Limited health literacy increases the risk of ON 4.85 times among teachers (aOR=4.85;95% C.I. : 2.15-10.94;p=0.000).ConclusionThe current findings suggest that limited health literacy is the strongest risk factor for ON among urban schoolteachers. School health literacy and social media literacy programs can open a new window into revealing ON.
Body mass index increases CD4+ count in HIV/AIDS patients on first-line therapy Widiyanti, Mirna; Hadi, Moch Irfan; Kumalasari, Mei Lina Fitri; Natalia, Evi Iriani; Purba, Dedi Ananta; Adiningsih, Setyo
Universa Medicina Vol. 39 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2020.v39.121-127

Abstract

BackgroundThe body mass index (BMI) may contribute somewhat to drug metabolism, thus affecting the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). CD4+ counts   in people infected with HIV are essential in determining the stage of the disease, initiation of antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections and evaluating treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the association of BMI and clinical stage with CD4+ counts in HIV patients seeking treatment using first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsAn analytic study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted involving 251 HIV/AIDS patients who had received first-line antiretrovirals over six months. BMI, clinical staging according to WHO and CD4 + were collected. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between BMI, clinical stage and CD4+.ResultsAmong the enrolled patients, the median age was 36 years, 135 (55%) of the patients was female, 102 (40.6%) was overweight/obese, 161 (64.1%) was in stage 3 of the disease, and the median CD4+ count was 389 cells/mm3. Multiple linear regression test showed two variables with a significant effect on CD4+ count, namely BMI (B=69.247; 95 % CI : 42.886-95.608) and clinical stage (B=61.590; 28.910-94.270). BMI was the most influencing factor for CD4+ count (β=0.307) compared to clinical stage (β=0.216). ConclusionsBody mass index was the most influencing factor for CD4 + counts of HIV/AIDS patients. Regular ART can increase CD4+ counts and maintain the health of HIV/AIDS patients.
Relationship of occupational health and safety training with health literacy among employees working in the various lines of business Sevinc, Nergiz; Korkut, Burcu
Universa Medicina Vol. 39 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2020.v39.171-177

Abstract

BackgroundHealth literacy is vital for people’s ability to manage health. It has been known for a long time that the importance of education in increasing health literacy is an undeniable fact. The first aim of this study was to investigate the health literacy levels of employees working in different business lines receiving service from the occupational health and safety unit. The second aim was to reveal how health literacy levels are affected according to the training duration.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 202 employees receiving service from the Karabuk occupational health and safety unit. The employees were divided into three groups as workers, officers and others. All employees were given the questionnaire consisting of 31 questions including sociodemographic characteristics and the adult health literacy scale. A face-to-face interview was performed with each of the employees. Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe range of adult health literacy scale scores of the employees was 4-23. There was no significant difference in adult health literacy scale scores between age groups (p=0.38). The percentage of employees who received more than 16 hours training course was 19.3%, 20.6%, and 46.7% for workers, civil servants and other employees, respectively. Adult health literacy scale scores increased in proportion to the amount of training the employees received (p=0.001).ConclusionThis study reveals that occupational health training has a positive effect on health literacy.
Determinants of diabetes comorbidities in Indonesia: a cohort study of non-communicable disease risk factor Kristanti, Dewi; Rahajeng, Ekowati; Sulistiowati, Eva; Kusumawardani, Nunik; Dany, Frans
Universa Medicina Vol. 40 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2021.v40.3-13

Abstract

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that constitutes a huge health burden, with the presence of comorbidities of DM adding to it. This study aimed to obtain the main determinants of the combined incidence of DM and its main comorbidities in adults.MethodsThis was a further analysis of the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Cohort Study 2011 – 2018 involving 3730 subjects. Data of diabetes-free respondents at baseline were followed up every 2 years for 6 years. Data collection was carried out through interviews and health examinations. All subjects were assayed for blood glucose and lipid parameters. Chi-square test and Cox regression were implemented for data analysis.ResultsDuring 6 years of follow-up, DM incidence occurred in 567 (15.2%) subjects. The most common comorbidities were increased low density lipoprotein (LDL), central obesity, increased total cholesterol, obesity and hypertension. Most of the comorbidities occurred before the diagnosis of DM incidence. The determinants of the combined DM incidence–increased LDL are obesity, hypertension, and a family history of DM. The determinants of the combined DM incidence–central obesity are increased triglycerides, hypertension, male gender, and family history of DM. While the determinants of the combined DM incidence–hypertension are obesity and increased triglycerides.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated a high burden of diabetes incidence with comorbidities among adults. Knowledge of the magnitude of the diabetescomorbidity determinants emphasizes the role of non pharmacological intervention such as weight reduction and dietary modification.
Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in an informal porter Dewi S. Soemarko; Herlinah Herlinah
Universa Medicina Vol. 39 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2020.v39.207-211

Abstract

BackgroundUpper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is a rare condition, in which job-related arm movements and repetitive, forceful or overhead arm activities have been recognized as the predisposing factor for this condition. UEDVT can occur among informal porters. This report describes a case of UEDVT in an informal porter due to manual lifting of heavy goods and reviews the literature for occupational reports of this condition.Case descriptionA 35-year-old male informal porter presented with marked swelling, pain, and numbness of his right arm 3 days after a prolonged episode of lifting heavy goods. A Doppler ultrasound showed thrombosis in the right subclavian and axillary veins and laboratory tests found elevated D-dimer. Patient was diagnosed as having axillo-subclavian thrombosis and treated with low molecular-weight heparin. One month after the last follow-up, patient returned to work with modified capacity and after 3 months of return to work, patient was able to resume his regular duties without impairment or disability.ConclusionThe occupation of informal porter should be considered a risk factor for upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT), thus the occupational medicine physician should be aware of this condition in the context of manual workers. Detailed occupational history to aid the diagnosis and future risk assessment are needed, and education for preventing UEDVT should be provided to porters.
Life satisfaction is the most significant determinant of quality of life in the elderly Vinsalia, Thania; Handajani, Yvonne Suzy
Universa Medicina Vol. 40 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2021.v40.14-22

Abstract

BackgroundQuality of life tends to decrease as age increases. This study aimed to determine the most significant risk factors (family support, spirituality, and life satisfaction) for the elderly’s quality of life. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 101 subjects aged ³60 years in West Jakarta. The variables were assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQOL–BREF), Family Support, Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) instruments. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between quality of life and its determinant factors.ResultsBased on sociodemographic characteristics, the respondents were mostly women (66.3%), had more than nine years of education (79.2%), and were married (56.4%). The analysis showed that life satisfaction was significantly associated with overall quality of life (OR=9.71; 95% CI:2.04–46.26; p=0.004) and general health (OR=7.52; 95% CI:1.70–33.25; p=0.008). Life satisfaction was also a risk factor for the environmental domain (OR=36.02; 95% CI:5.07–255.82; p<0.001). Furthermore, spirituality was found to be a risk factor for the physical health domain (OR=4.18; 95% CI:1.51–11.59; p=0.006), psychological domain (OR=6.67; 95% CI:2.4–17.86; p<0.001), and environmental domain (OR=11.46; 95% CI:3.10–42.37; p<0.001).ConclusionLife satisfaction plays a significant role in increasing the environmental domain of quality of life, the overall quality of life, and general health among the elderly. Awareness of these factors can assist providers in identifying people at risk and guide new intervention programs to improve care for these invaluable elderly of our communities.
Chronic limb ischemia manifestation in COVID-19 infection: awareness and treatment in primary care Laksono, Sidhi; Siregar, Reynaldo Halomoan; Kusharsamita, Hillary
Universa Medicina Vol. 40 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2021.v40.166-175

Abstract

Chronic limb ischemia (CLI) is a type of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) that is still underdiagnosed and undertreated despite the increasing incidence, thus becoming a global health burden. And CLI reflects the local manifestations of a lethal systemic disease — atherosclerosis. If left untreated, chronic limb ischemia can result in major limb loss. In this pandemic era, limb ischemia has become one of several clinical manifestations that occur in patients with COVID-19 infection. Systemic inflammation in COVID-19 infection, direct viral infection, hypercoagulable state, and hyperinflammatory response are responsible for damage to the arterial system, causing endothelial dysfunction. Diagnosing PAD has become a challenge especially in the early stage and in the asymptomatic phase. The untreated condition could lead to the development of CLI. The primary physicians in the primary health facilities hold an important role in the early diagnosis and management of patients with CLI symptoms or with risk factors of CLI, especially in patients who have experienced COVID-19 infection. Due to the limitation of diagnostic testing modalities at primary health facilities, the physician can assess the ankle-brachial index (ABI) to determine the presence of CLI. Management of the disease is different for every patient and is customized based on the other comorbidities. Risk factors should be controlled in order to achieve a better outcome. A good management strategy will improve the quality of life of the patient. This review will discuss the occurrence of CLI in COVID-19 infection.

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