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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,131 Documents
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Efek Tepung Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) yang Diberi Aluminium Sulfat Terhadap Fungsi Hati pada Tikus Winstar Diinduksi Asam Asetat Elvina Artha Nainggolan; Agnes Pingkan Lamia; Verina Putri Gloria Nainggolan; Frans Erwin Nicolaas Wantania; dingse Pandiangan
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Abstract

This study aims to determine the side effects of porang flour solution added with Aluminum Sulfate on AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) as an indicator of liver function in Wistar rats. This research was conducted in a laboratory with a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Treatment of porang flour solution was added with Aluminum Sulfate 3% (w/v) then added 3 g of porang flour. The rats before treatment were induced by gastric ulcers of rats with 12.5% acetic acid for 3 days. Treatment of porang flour solution was carried out for 21 days with a sonde. Parameters observed were movement, morphology, body weight (growth) and AST (U/L) on 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment. Data analysis was performed using Statistica 6 at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that porang flour treatment mice had a much lower body weight, were healthy, agile and moved a lot, indicating that porang flour plus aluminum sulfate can be developed as an alternative diet food. AST levels after 21 days of treatment with porang flour solution decreased. The recovery of Wistar rats induced by 12.5% acetic acid wounds for 3 days can be healed after 21 days given a 2 mL porang flour solution by sonde based on the results of morphological observations and decreased levels of AST.
REVIEW AKTIVITAS ANTIHIPERTENSI TANAMAN CARICA PAPAYA Yermia Ademi Dedeo; Aulia Nurfazri Istiqomah; Agus Sulaeman
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 3 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Kardiovaskular adalah Penyakit tidak menular yang menyerang masyarakat di negara maju hingga negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, salah satu dari penyakit kardiovaskular adalah hipertensi yang disebut sebagai penyumbang kematian terbanyak di dunia setiap tahunnya, seorang dengan tekanan darah abnormal dapat mengalami beberapa penyakit seperti gagal jantung, gagal ginjal, diabetes dan stroke. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi Carica Papaya dalam penanganan hipertensi dan perkembangan penelitian terhadap potensi Carica Papaya. Subjek review ini adalah artikel nasional dan internasional yang terindeks secara nasional dan international 10 tahun terakhir yang membahas kemampuan antihipertensi pada Carica Papaya dengan melakukan klasifikasi berdasarkan metode pengujian yang digunakan, mekanisme kerja senyawa kimia yang berperan aktif dalam aktivitas hipotensi dan bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan dalam pengujian. Pada studi literatur didapatkan bahwa Carica Papaya memiliki berbagai mineral dan metabolit sekunder yang mampu menurunkan tekanan darah melalu mekanisme yang mirip dengan obat konvensional, Carica Papaya memiliki senyawa saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid dan kalium yang mampu menurunkan tekanan darah dengan mekanisme vasodilatasi, ACE Inhibitor dan diuretik. Carica Papaya memiliki kemampuan antihipertensi yang baik pada seluruh bagian tumbuhan namun perlunya studi lebih lanjut secara spesifik pada senyawa aktif dan mekanisme kerja yang belum diteliti.
Formulasi dan Uji Efektivitas Antioksidan Gel dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Murbei (Morus alba L.) Menggunakan Metode DPPH Ivana Nuskefin Reinard; Hosea Edy; Jainer Siampa
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Abstract

Murbei (Morus alba L.) merupakan tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai obat. Berbagai kandungan senyawa aktif pada daun Murbei berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas antioksidan gel ekstrak etanol daun Murbei dan mengevaluasi fisik sediaan dengan parameter uji sifat fisik. Daun Murbei diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Sediaan gel dibuat menjadi 4 formula (F1-F4) dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun Murbei (3%-9%) kemudian diuji efektivitas antioksidannya menggunakan metode DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukan gel ekstrak etanol daun Murbei memiliki nilai IC50 berturut-turut yaitu 117,799 ppm; 74,955 ppm; 62,156 ppm; 57,122 ppm. Evaluasi fisik sediaan dilakukan terhadap F4. Hasil evaluasi menunjukan sediaan gel memenuhi persyaratan organoleptik dan homogenitas, pH gel 6, daya lekat gel 1,72 detik, daya sebar gel 5,1 cm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa gel ekstrak etanol daun Murbei memiliki efektivitas sebagai antioksidan serta memenuhi persyaratan parameter uji sifat fisik sediaan.
Antibacterial Activity Test of African Leaf Extract (Vernonia amygdalina) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria Growth. Trifosa Sarijowan; Widdhi Bodhi; Julianri Lebang
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Abstract

African leaves (Vernonia amygdalina) are known to be one part of the plant that has antibacterial activity that has the potential to be developed as a traditional medicine. This study aims to determine antibacterial activity, the effect of increasing extracts and the most effective concentration on the inhibitory power of the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The antibacterial activity of african leaf ethanol extract with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80% was tested using the disc diffusion method by observing the diameter of the inhibitory zone compared to Ciprofloxacin as a positive control and CMC as a negative control. The results of measurements of the diameter of the inhibition zone concentrations of 5% (7.0 mm), 10% (9.2 mm), 20% (11.5 mm), 40% (13.8 mm), 80% (15.7 mm) in S. aureus bacteria, 5% (8.1 mm), 10% (9.1 mm), 20% (11.6 mm), 40% (13.1 mm), 80% (15.1 mm) in P. aeruginosa bacteria have provided activity to inhibit the growth of test bacteria. The results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and continued with the Duncan test. Research shows that the higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the diameter of the inhibitory zone of bacterial growth. An extract concentration of 80% is the most effective concentration for inhibiting S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria.
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY TEST OF BITTER GOURD EXTRACT (Momordica charantia) AS AN INHIBITOR OF α - GLUCOSIDASE ENZYME BY IN SILICO Kezya Wowor; Widdhi Bodhi; Olvie Datu; Axl Windah
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that interferes with the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This study aims to determine the types of bioactive compounds contained in bitter melon extract and to analyze interaction of targeted compounds against the α -glucosidase enzyme using the in silico approach. The results of the analysis using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) used to obtain information on bioactive compounds that will be used as ligands to be attached to the α-glucosidase enzyme. Furthermore, the potential ability of each compound as antidiabetic was test using PyRx application and Acarbose was its control. The results of the GCMS analysis of this study contained 23 compounds detected in the methanol extract of bitter melon. This research proves that the compound Spirost-8-en-11 one, 3 hydroxy, (3ß,5a,14ß, 20ß, 22ß, 25R) with a binding affinity of -9.0 kcal/mol and Cholesta-8,24-dien -3-ol, 4-methyl-, (3ß,4a)- with a binding affinity of -8.3 kcal/mol have a good conformation. This research can be concluded that the two compounds can be developed as antidiabetic.  Keywords: Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia), antidiabetic, α - Glucosidase enzyme, molecular docking
DOCTOR’S PERCEPTION OF THE ROLE OF PHARMACISTS IN CLINICAL PHARMACY SERVICES AT RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO Florence Jewelly Gabriella Raintama; Widya Lolo; Surya Sumantri Abdullah
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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In providing pharmaceutical services, collaboration between pharmacists and doctors is needed to improve therapeutic outcomes. For this reason, this study aims to describe doctors' perceptions about the role of pharmacists in carrying out pharmaceutical work at RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado in order to determine the extent to which doctors understand the pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacists. This research is a descriptive research with survey method and data processing is done quantitatively. Research respondents are doctors who work at RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado consisting of 75 respondents. The tool used in this research is a questionnaire using the Guttman scale which has been through validity and reliability tests. Data analysis was carried out by describing it in the form of a frequency distribution to find out how health workers perceive the role of pharmacists in pharmaceutical services at RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. The results showed that doctors' perceptions tended to agree with the average value for opinions of 81.54% and for expectations of 94%. The conclusion of this study is that doctors have good opinions and expectations about the role of pharmacists in accordance with Pharmaceutical Service Standards.
UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT KOMBINASI EKSTRAK BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine americana Merr.) DAN PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria) TERHADAP ORGAN GINJAL TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) Sharon Colin Tangkere; Herny Simbala; Meilani Jayanti
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Abstract

Bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana Merr.) dan pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria) memiliki potensi sebagai bahan obat tradisional. Namun belum diketahui efek toksik penggunaan kombinasi ekstrak tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian oral kombinasi ekstrak bawang dayak dan pinang yaki terhadap organ ginjal tikus putih melalui pengujian toksisitas akut. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan hewan percobaan tikus putih berjumlah 18 ekor, dibagi dalam dua kelompok perlakuan ekstrak bawang dayak dosis 10,8 mg dan 14,4 mg, dua kelompok perlakuan ekstrak pinang yaki dosis 10,8 mg dan 14,4 mg, satu kelompok perlakuan kombinasi ekstrak bawang dayak dan pinang yaki dosis 21,6 mg, dan satu kelompok kontrol sebagai pembanding. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 14 hari dengan pengamatan yang dilakukan berupa pengamatan makroskopis organ ginjal, pengamatan berat badan dan berat organ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa warna, konsistensi, dan permukaan organ pada semua perlakuan terlihat normal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa secara makroskopik, kombinasi ekstrak bawang dayak dan pinang yaki tidak menunjukkan kerusakan organ ginjal.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Etanol Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata) Melisa Oktavin Hehakaya; Hosea Edy; Jainer Siampa
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
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Body scrub merupakan sediaan kosmetik pembersih kulit yang mengandung scrub yang berfungsi sebagai pengampelas untuk mengangkat sel kulit mati, menghaluskan dan mengangkat sel kulit yang rusak. Jika regenerasi kulit terhambat, maka kulit akan menjadi kering, kusam dan tidak elastis. Daun matoa merupakan bahan alam yang terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan dapat mencegah penuaan dini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas antioksidan body scrub ekstrak etanol daun matoa dan penemuan fisik sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, pH, uji daya sebar dan uji iritasi. Lulur formula tubuhdibuat dengan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun matoa 1%, 2,5%, 4% dan 5,5%. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH ( 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas antioksidan terbaik ditemukan pada body scrub ekstrak etanol daun matoa 5,5% dengan nilai IC 50 sangat kuat sebesar 44,49 ppm dan sediaan body scrub memenuhi persyaratan organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar dan uji.
POTENCY OF EXTRACT AND FRACTION OF SPONGE Lamellodysidea herbacea OBTAINED FROM MANADO TUA ISLAND AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli Angellia Grace Yetto; Defny Wewengkang; Elly Suoth
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
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Sponges has many kind of secondary metabolites and has potential as important clues in drug development. This study aims to determined the potential level of Sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea obtained from Manado Tua Island waters as an antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The samples were extracted using maceration method with ethanol solvent and fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform and methanol as solvents. Antibacterial activity was tested using agar diffusion method (Disc Diffusion Kirby and Bauer). The result showed that all of the fractions and crude extract had antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The best antibacterial activity was found in the n-hexane fraction against Escherichia coli bacteria with an inhibitory power 11.05 mm and the chloroform fraction against Escherichia coli with an inhibitory power 21.99 mm.
FORMULATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF COCOA BEAN EXTRACT TOOTHPASTE (Theobroma Cacao L.) AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS BACTERIA Apriliani Margaret Marista Lourina Rarung; Paulina Yamlean; Karlah Mansauda
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
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Abstract

Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) are seeds of the cocoa tree which have a active components, is polyphenols which have the potential as antibacterial. This study aimed to formulate the toothpaste of Cocoa bean ethanol extract with concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% and tested for physical evaluation of the preparation and to obtain the inhibitory power against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. In this research, the cocoa beans was extracted used the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent and tested for antibacterial used the well method. The results showed an organoleptic physical evaluation requirements, homogeneous homogeneity test, pH test 7.4-7.7, spreadability test 30-33 mm, and adhesion test 2.25-3.23 seconds. Toothpaste has antibacterial activity with an average diameter of F1 (8.16 mm), F2 (8.5 mm), F3 (9.5 mm), F4 (10.41 mm) are in the medium category and F5 (11.58 mm) is in the strong category. Based on the study result can be concluded that all formulations of toothpaste preparations of Cocoa bean ethanol extract filled the antibacterial activity requirements and physical test requirements and had the strongest antibacterial activity at a concentration of 15% at 11.58 mm.

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