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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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Kota manado,
Sulawesi utara
INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,131 Documents
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FORMULATION AND TEST OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY LOTION ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF CORN SILK (Zea mays L.) Nadyavenza Yratxe Fabiola Karamoy; Paulina M.Si; Surya Sumantri Abdullah
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Abstract

Corn Silk (Zea mays L.) is a plant that contains various active compounds such as flavonoids and fenols that function as antioxidants. This study aimed to test the effectivity of the antioxidant lotion ethyl acetate fraction of corn silk used the DPPH method and evaluated the physical preparations with physical properties test parameters. Corn silk was extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent and fractionated with ethyl acetate as solvent.Lotion preparation were made into 5 formulas (F1-F5) with variations in the concentration of corn silk ethyl acetate fraction (2%-10%). The results showed that the lotion of the ethyl acetate fraction of corn silk had IC50 values respectively 128,96 ppm; 116,87 ppm; 102,96 ppm; 90,98 ppm; 64,68 ppm. F5 continued to evaluate the physical properties of the preparation. The results of the physical evaluation of the preparation showed that the lotion preparation filled the organoleptic requirements, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the lotion of the ethyl acetate fraction of corn silk has the effectivity as an antioxidant and fulfills the requirements for the parameters of the physical properties of the preparation.
Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Peel-Off Gel Mask Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Cocoa Pods (Theobroma cacao L.) against Staphylococcus aureus as Anti-Acne Immanuela Irene Mandias; Paulina Yamlean; Surya Sumantri Abdullah
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Abstract

Cocoa pods (Theobroma cacao L.) is a part of the Cocoa plant which contains active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins that have the potential as antibacterial. This study aimed to formulate a peel-off gel mask preparation of the ethyl acetate fraction which is physically good and to test the inhibitory power of the peel-off gel mask with concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12% against Staphylococcus aureus. This research used laboratory experimental method. The results showed that the peel-off gel mask filled the requirements for physical evaluation, that is organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesion and drying time. The antibacterial activity test using the well diffusion method showed that the average diameter for F1 to F5 respectively was 7,5; 8,58; 12; 12,75; and 14 mm. Based on the result of the study it can be included that the overall formulation of the peel-off gel mask filled the requirements of the parameters of the physical properties of the preparation and provides the greatest antibacterial activity that is formula 5 with a concentration of 12%, which is 14 mm.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN BUAH CABAI RAWIT MELALUI PENGUJIAN DPPH Irma Antasionasti; Surya Sumantri Abdullah; Jainer Pasca Siampa; Imam Jayanto
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Abstract

Cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) merupakan salah satu rempah yang sangat penting untuk makanan, industry, dan obat. Oleh karena itu, eksplorasi cabai rawit sebagai antioksidan alami sangat dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan cabai rawit merah dari daerah Kawangkoan, Tomohon, dan Remboken menggunakan pengujian DPPH. Cabai rawit diekstraksi menggunakan teknik maserasi menggunakan etanol 70% sebagai pelarut dan pengujian antioksidan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada Panjang gelombang 517 nm. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak cabai rawit dari Kawangkoan, Tomohon, dan Remboken secara berturut-turut adalah 80,215 ± 2,486; 100,1 ± 0,140; and 97,136 ± 0,026 µg/mL. Berdasarkan analisis data statistic, terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari ketiga sampel ekstrak cabai rawit (P>0,05), yaitu ekstrak cabai rawit dari Kawangkoan berbeda dengan ekstrak cabai rawit dari Tomohon dan Remboken (P>0,05). Namun, aktivitas antioksidan dari ketiga sampel masih dalamkategori aktivitas antioksidan kuat (IC50 50-100 µg/mL), sehingga ektrak cabai rawit memili potensi sebagai antioksidan pada makanan dan industry farmasi.
TOXICITY TEST OF THE COMBINATION Eleutherine americana Merr. AND Areca vestiaria EXTRACTS AGAINST THE INTESTINAL ORGANS OF Rattus norvegicus Sarai Raehilda Febriansi Korban; Herny Simbala; Meilani Jayanti
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.41911

Abstract

Dayak onions (Eleutherine americana Merr.) and Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) have been used by the community as traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety level of extracts of Dayak onion and Pinang Yaki against the macroscopic appearance of the intestinal organs of Wistar male white rats. This study used an experimental method with 18 male white rats of the Wistar strain who were given ethanol extract of Dayak onion and Pinang Yaki orally at a dose of 10,8mg, 14,4mg, and 21,6mg for 14 days. The results showed that there was a decrease in body weight, in each treatment group but the largest weight loss occurred in the dose group V from 199gram to 182gram while the smallest weight loss occurred in the dose group I from 199gram to 198gram and for the macroscopic picture of the intestinal organs there was no significant difference between the test group with the control group. In conclusion, the administration of extracts of Dayak onion and Pinang Yaki does not affect the macroscopic picture of the intestinal organs.
Uji Toksisitas Akut Kombinasi Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine americana Merr.) dan Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria Giseke) Terhadap Organ Jantung Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Sitti Tasya Putri Ibrahim; Herny Simbala; Julianri Lebang
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.41934

Abstract

Umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana Merr.) termasuk familia Iridaceae, secara turun temurun telah dipergunakan oleh masyarakat dayak sebagai tumbuhan obat untuk berbagai jenis penyakit seperti kanker payudara dan kolon, hipertensi, diabetes mellitus dan strok, sedangkan buah Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) termasuk familia Arecaceae yang telah digunakan oleh masyarakat Sulawesi Utara sebagai obat kanker, diabetes dan kontrasepsi pria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh konsumsi ekstrak umbi dayak dan buah pinang yaki terhadap gambaran makroskopis organ jantung pada tikus putih. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan hewan percobaan tikus putih jantan yang berjumlah 18 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Pengujian dilakukan selama 15 hari, berat organ dan pengamatan makroskopik dilakukan pada hari terakhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak umbi bawang dayak dan buah pinang yaki tidak berpengaruh terhadap gambaran makroskopis organ jantung.Umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana  Merr.) termasuk familia Iridaceae, secara turun temurun telah dipergunakan oleh masyarakat dayak sebagai tumbuhan obat untuk berbagai jenis penyakit seperti kanker payudara dan kolon, hipertensi, diabetes mellitus dan strok, sedangkan buah Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) termasuk familia Arecaceae yang telah digunakan oleh masyarakat Sulawesi Utara sebagai obat kanker, diabetes dan kontrasepsi pria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh konsumsi ekstrak umbi dayak dan buah pinang yaki terhadap gambaran makroskopis organ jantung pada tikus putih. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan hewan percobaan tikus putih jantan yang berjumlah 18 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Pengujian dilakukan selama 15 hari, berat organ dan pengamatan makroskopik dilakukan pada hari terakhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak umbi bawang dayak dan buah pinang yaki tidak berpengaruh terhadap gambaran makroskopis organ jantung. 
Hubungan karakteristik sosiodemografi masyarakat dan pengetahuan terhadap sikap menggunakan antibiotik di apotik di kecamatan beo, kabupaten talaud Given Awulle Mamusung; Weny Wiyono; Deby Mpila; Julianri Lebang; Welong Surya
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.41942

Abstract

Penggunaan antibiotik dalam pelayanan kesehatan seringkali tidak tepat sehingga dapat menimbulkan pengobatan kurang efektif, peningkatan risiko terhadap keamanan pasien, meluasnya resistensi dan tingginya biaya pengobatan. Berbagai faktor memengaruhi penggunaan antibiotika di kalangan masyarakat seperti faktor pengetahuan dan karakteristik sosiodemografi. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik melalui pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah respoden sebanyak 96 orang. Pengujian dan analisis data menggunakan program perangkat lunak IBM Statistics 25 SPSS dan analisis dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian yang di peroleh dari analisis univariat menunjukan kelompok umur paling banyak (18-30 tahun ( 54,2%), jenis kelamin (laki-laki ( 63,5%), pendidikan (kelompok yang tidak sekolah atau tidak tamat sekolah ( 74,0%), pekerjaan (pegawai/nelayan/buruh/pedagang ( 52,1%), pendapatan (> 2,000,000.- ( 84,4%), pengetahuan (baik ( 64,6%) dan sikap (kurang baik ( 60,4%), antibiotik yang paling banyak dibeli adalah amoksisillin (74%). Dari hasil analisis bivariat berdasarkan uji chi square menunjukan tidak terdapat hubungan antara umur dan pendapatan dengan sikap dalam menggunakan antibiotik oral. Tetapi, terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan pekerjaan dengan sikap dalam menggunakan antibiotik oral pada masyarakat.
Non-Specific Standardization Test for Areca Yaki Fruit Extract (Areca Vestiaria) Nadine Natari; Herny Simbala; Erladys Rumondor
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.42039

Abstract

The chemical substances contained in the extracts of natural ingredients must be maintained in quality, so standardization is required. This study aims to prove that ethanol extract of Areca yaki Fruit (Areca Vestiaria) meets the non- specific parameters on the standardization of natural ingredients extract. Ethanol extract of Areca Yaki Fruit  is extracted using maceration method. The extracts obtained were tested for several non-specific parameters including desiccant shrinkage, moisture content, total ash content and acid insoluble ash content. The test results are compared with the standard parameters. Areca Yaki Fruit ethanol extract has a drying shrinkage of 0.027%, moisture content of 0.5242%, total ash content of 0.712% and 0.883%, and insoluble acid ash content of 0.048% and 0.056%. Areca Yaki Fruit ethanol extract meets the standard parameters, desiccant shrinkage, moisture content, total ash content, and insoluble acid ash content.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mayana Jantan (Coleus atropurpureus Benth) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan Salmonella typhimurium Anjely Jessica Makatempuge; Fatimawali Fatimawali; Julianri Lebang
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.42136

Abstract

Daun mayana jantan digunakan oleh masyarakat Sulawesi Utara untuk mengobati penyakit muntah darah dan kegunaan lainnya untuk diare dan disentri, batu ginjal, sakit kulit, dan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun mayana jantan (Coleus atropurpureus Benth) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan Salmonella typhimurium. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode One Way Anova menggunakan program Statistical Product Services Solution, dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Data Anova menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, dan 80% telah memberikan aktivitas menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan Salmonella typhimurium. Konsentrasi ekstrak 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, dan 80% merupakan konsentrasi efektif untuk menghambat bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 40%, dan 80% merupakan konsentrasi efektif untuk menghambat bakteri Salmonella typhimurium. Peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak daun mayana jantan menujukkan semakin besar diameter zona hambat pertumbuhan bakteri.
ANALISIS MEDICATION ERROR FASE PRESCRIBING DAN DISPENSING DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT RATATOTOK BUYAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA Nurjana Usman; Gayatri Citraningtyas; Jainer Pasca Siampa
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.42150

Abstract

Medication error is an incident causing drawbacks to patients which, in fact, can be prevented, hence, analysis of medication error in the phases of prescribing (prescription errors) and dispensing (preparing and combining drugs error) was conducted. This study aimed to discover the factors instigating medication error and its percentage in prescribing and dispensing phases. This research employed descriptive analysis in which data was gathered prospectively. Sample was collected through purposive sampling method. 218 pages prescription of outpatients of Internal Poly were recorded at pharmacy installation of Ratatotok Buyat Central General Hospital in Southeast Minahasa Regency. Study finding in prescribing phase included no doctor signature 4.58%, no concentration/dosage 2.75%, no issue date 10.55%, no age/date of birth of patients 30.27%. Meanwhile, dispensing phase only included error in eticket/label 0.91%. Based on the data above, it could be concluded that medication error in prescribing and dispensing phases at Ratatotok Buyat Central General Hospital in Southeast Minahasa Regency occurred. Keywords: medication error, prescribing, dispensing, Pharmacy Installation of RSUP Ratatotok Buyat.
FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL EVALUATION GEL OF AVOCADO SEED (Persea americana Mill.) AS ANTIOXIDANT USING CARBOPOL BASE CONCENTRATION Maureen Regina Satolom; Paulina Yamlean; Jainer Siampa
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.42179

Abstract

Avocado seeds (persea americana mill.) contain flavonoids and have strong antioxidant activity that can help protect organs from toxic agents or oxidative stress. This study aims to formulate, evaluate and test the antioxidant effectiveness of avocado seed extract gel using the DPPH method. This research was conducted experimentally in the laboratory for making avocado seed extract gel formulations (Persea americana Mill.) with a concentration of 0.5%, a concentration of 1%, and a concentration of 1.5% carbopol base. The results showed that the avocado seed ethanol extract gel had IC50 values of 46.05 ppm, 40.01 ppm, 44.80 ppm. Based on the IC50 value obtained, it can be concluded that the avocado seed ethanol extract gel has a very strong antioxidant effectiveness. The SPPS analysis test was continued to see a significant difference but no significant difference was found, therefore the preparation with the lowest concentration will be continued with physical evaluation testing. Physical evaluation of the preparation includes organoleptic observation, pH test, dispersion test, homogeneity test, adhesion test. The results of the physical evaluation test showed that the gel preparation met the requirements.

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