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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research

joapr
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Published by Creative Pharma Assent

ISSN : - EISSN : 23480335 DOI : 10.18231

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.

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Articles 459 Documents

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Mycotic loads’ determination of non-sterile pharmaceuticals in Lagos state and 16S RDNA identification of the fungal isolates Oyebanji, Elizabeth Olawumi; Adekunle, Adedotun Adeyinka; Coker, Herbert Alexander B.; Adebami, Gboyega Ebenezer
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Pharmaceuticals are medicinal products used in the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of diseases. As such, the presence of microorganisms’ especially fungal toxins can reduce or eliminate the product's therapeutic activity and constitute a potential danger to patient health. This study attempts to determine the fungal loads of liquid preparation used as medication in Lagos State and its environs and identify the fungal isolates. 252 different types of oral liquid drugs (200syrups and 52 suspensions) which included paracetamol syrup, cough syrup and antibiotics suspension manufactured in five different pharmaceutical industries in Nigeria were methodically sampled and analyzed for fungi contamination using standardized method. The isolated fungi were identified using morphological characterization as well as 16SrDNA sequencing. 13% of the sampled syrups were found to be contaminated with fungi where thecolony forming units for paracetamol syrup, cough syrup and antibiotics suspension ranges from 2.0x101 - 9.6×104; 1.0x102- 7.5x104 and 1.0x101- 8.8×104cfu/ml respectively while87% yielded no growth.Thirteen (13) morphologically different species of fungi were identified which included Aspergillus niger strains, A. tamari strains, A. japonicas, A. flavus, A. awamari, A. ellipticus, A. tubingensis, Meyerozyma aaribbica, Candida carpophila and Eurotiomycetes spp, The presence of microorganisms in oral liquid samples might explain the treatment complicacy of the diseased children. Therefore, microbiological quality of such drugs is thus suggested.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some heterocyclic compounds Mohamed, Menna-Allah; Mohamed, Yassin; Eid, Nahed M.; Barsoum, Flora F.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Cancer is one of the most striking diseases that has a potential impact on human health with high mortality rate. During the last century many anticancer agents have emerged but unfortunately, these agents could not provide effective solutions for cancer treatment due to side effects and resistance. All over the world, asking for new anticancer agents is still a major goal for medicinal chemists. Pyrrole and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds are very interesting bioactive core exhibiting several biological activities as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activities. Herein, we highlighted on the anticancer activity of the pyrrole and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives which are reported to possess anticancer activity and many of them are in market or still in clinical trials. This work deals with design and synthesis of new pyrrole and pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives. The new compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and MCF7in vitro. The most active compounds were evaluated for their VEGFR-2 inhibition in vitro

Design and optimization of immediate release tablet of salbutamol sulphate by direct compression technique Saha, Suman
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

This study is about a tablet, which disintegrates or dissolves quickly when placed in the oral cavity. Studies on formulation development of Salbutamol Sulphate Immediate Release Tablet, suitable for manufacturing by direct compression have been carried out. Trial formulations using various excipients were developed and evaluated for various qualities like hardness, friability, disintegration time, content uniformity and dissolution. Study concluded that Immediate Release Tablet of Salbutamol Sulphate can be prepared successfully with added patient benefit and increased consumer satisfaction.

Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and anthelmintic activity of Polygonum muricatum Goswami, Priyanka; Islam, Rajibul; Khongmalai, Everlasting; Sarkar, Bapi Ray; Sen, Saikat; Choudhury, Ananta; Dey, Biplab Kumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Polygonum muricatum is widely used by the local people of Meghalaya for anthelmintics. An attempt has been made to evaluate the pharmacognostical, preliminary phytochemical and pharmacological parameters of leaves of Polygonum muricatum. The physicochemical constants like moisture content, ash values such as total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash, extractive values such as water soluble extractive value and alcohol soluble extractive value were determined. The extract obtained by successive solvent extraction was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis to find out the presence of compounds. The plant Polygonum muricatum leaves were extracted with the solvent benzene, acetone, ethanol and water by soxhlet apparatus method. The extract was evaluated for anthelmintic activity with Indian earthworm. Ethanol extract of the plant Polygonum muricatum has shown the significant activity.

Assessment of Calamus tenuis fruits extract on blood glucose level elevation and its antibacterial potency Sarkar, Hema; Sharin, Tasfia; Mamun, Muhammad Shamim Al
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Investigation of anti-hyperglycemic and antibacterial activity of the fruit extract of Calamus tenuis was carried out. Soxhlet extraction was done using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. Anti-hyperglycemic activity was done by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.The results indicated that methanol extract (500 mg/Kg) showed nearly same potency of blood glucose lowering capacity (4.82 ± 0.730 mmol/L) compared to the glibenclamide (standard drug). Antibacterial activity was investigated using disc diffusion method. Antibacterial tests revealed that S. aureus was resistant to all the solvent extracts. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed moderate antibacterial capacity against both Micrococcus and V. cholerea whereas petroleum ether showed nothing. Zone of inhibition of Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts (200 mg/mL dose) for E. coli were very close to positive control (17.00 ± 0.816 and 18.75 ± 1.258 mm respectively; positive control value was 19.00 ± 1.414 and 21.00 ± 1.414 respectively ). In case of methanol zone of inhibitions were greater than other solvent extracts against all tested bacterial species. From the present research it can be recapitulated that due to the biological activity of C. tenuis fruit it may satisfy as a new candidate for the emergence of medicines.

Immediate release drug delivery systems: a current update Saha, Suman
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Instead of tremendous advancements in drug delivery, the oral route remains the most preferred route for the administration of therapeutic agents because of the low cost of therapy and ease of administration that leads to high levels of patient concordance. Incorporating an existing medicine into Newer Drug Delivery System (NDDS) are gaining popularities. One such approach is to formulate Immediate Release Tablet, which dissolve or disintegrate rapidly in saliva without the need of water within few seconds due to action of superdisintegrant in the formulation or other novel manufacturing technique. The demand for orally disintegrating tablets has enormously increased during the last decade over the other oral dosage forms (such as tablets, capsules, dry syrups, chewing gums, chewable tablets etc.) particularly for geriatrics and pediatrics, travelers, dysphasics, psychotics and non-cooperative patients. Considering the advantages of Immediate Release Tablet and its growing demand, an attempt has been made through this article to give an overview of preparation and new methodologies for the Immediate Release Tablet followed currently and in past including some patient information.

Antimicrobial activity of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives: a recent review Alam, Faruk
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

A few five members’ aromatic systems having three hetero-atoms at symmetrical positions, for example, thiadiazoles have been considered broadly attributable to their intriguing pharmacological properties. These thiadiazole derivatives are the heterocyclic compound which contains the five member ring along with nitrogen and sulfur atoms. This recent study covers the most dynamic thiadiazole subordinates that have demonstrated significant biological activities, for example, anti microbial, anti inflammatory, anti tubercular, ant-diabetic, diuretics, anti depressant, radio-protective, anti-leishmanial and cytotoxic activity. This review likewise examines the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the most powerful compounds. It can go about as an imperative tool for restorative scientists to create more current compounds having thiadiazole moiety that could be better operators regarding viability and safety.

A review of wound healing activity on different wound models Verma, Renuka; Gupta, Pushpa Prasad; Satapathy, Trilochan; Roy, Amit
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Wound is an injury of living tissue or break in the epithelial integrity of the upper layer of skin. This may lead to disturbance of skin anatomical structure and their function. The normal wounds start to heal immediately after an injury. Normal healing process involved: inflammatory phase, proliferation phase and maturation phase. Now a day wound healing is a challenging clinical problem. So, necessity of effective wound management is required. The various screening models play important role to understand the basic process of tissue repair and treatment of wounds. Wide varieties of in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo models have been developed for evaluation of wound healing activity. The in-vitro models includes Chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, Fibroblast assay, Collagen assay, Scratch assay, Endothelial cell in vitro tube formation assay, Keratinocytes assay. Ex-vivo models includes organotypic culture, human ex vivo skin culture, porcine model, Human organotypic skin explanted culture and the in-vivo models includes Excision wound model, Incision wound Model, Burn wound model, Dead space wound model.The aim of this review article is detailed study of different types of in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo models for evaluation of wound healing activity.

Water-in-Oil-in-Water multiple emulsions of ibuprofen for paediatrics using african walnut seed oil Ogundipe, O. D.; Oladimeji , F. A.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Many prolonged-release dosage forms have employed multiple emulsions (MEs) systems. Hence, this study formulated water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) MEs of ibuprofen using African walnut seed oil (AWSO) for paediatrics use. The MEs were prepared by a two-step emulsification method, using Span 80® and Tween 80® as primary and secondary emulsifiers, respectively. The MEs were evaluated by their physical properties, drug entrapment efficiency, stability and drug release profile. From the study, stable MEs of ibuprofen (100 mg / 5 ml) can be prepared with 25 % w/v Span 80® as the primary emulsifier, and 8, 10 or 12 % w/v Tween 80® as the secondary emulsifier. The optimum ratios of oil to water in the primary emulsion were 1:1 and 3:2, while that of primary emulsion to external aqueous phase were 1:1 and 1:2. The amount of the ibuprofen released from the MEs was ≤ 35.6 % at 5 hours. The study offers ibuprofen emulsions which may require once daily dosing compared to other available paediatric dosage forms of the drug which require three to four times dosing daily. It also provides information on AWSO as a possible drug carrier in the formulation of w/o/w MEs of ibuprofen for paediatrics.

Investigation of oxidative potential of mahasudarshan churna using goat liver as in-vitro experimental model Pandit, Bibhas; Satapathy, Trilochan; Bahadur, Sanjib; Dewangan, Jyoti
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

The American Medical Research Community sounded a heavy metal warning against some herbo-mineral Ayurvedic formulations from Indian System of Medicine sold in United States of America. The products were rejected by Unites States Food and Drug Administration due to the presence of high level of lead, mercury and arsenic as impurities, marked as toxicity inducers. This work has been design to investigate whether the toxicity produced by Mahasudarshan churna is due to the results of lipid peroxidation, as oxidative degradation of phospholipids is one of the causes of drug-induced toxicity. The level of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and nitric oxide were estimated in control, drug-treated, drug-antioxidant treated and only antioxidant-treated group at two hours and six hours of incubation time in goat liver homogenates. Ascorbic acid was used to compare the oxidative potentials of Mahasudarshan churna. The level of malondialdehyde was found to be decreased in the drug-treated, drug-antioxidant treated and only antioxidant treated group where as the level of reduced glutathione and nitric oxide increased when compared to control. Above all the Drug-antioxidant treated group showed maximum anti-oxidant properties when compared to other groups. The study was designed to investigate the lipid peroxidation induction capacity of Mahasudarshan churna as consequences of its toxicity and found that lipid peroxidation is not the contributing factor

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INDONESIA