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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research

joapr
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Published by Creative Pharma Assent

ISSN : - EISSN : 23480335 DOI : 10.18231

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.

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Articles 459 Documents

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Microsphere: a promising approach for drug delivery Choudhury, Ananta; Deka, Debasish; Sonowal, Kashmiri; Laskar, Rahela Eyachmin
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

The recent evolution in new drug delivery systems plays a important role in pharmaceutical industries. There are various controlled release products, Microsphere is one among all due to the sustained release and controlled release properties.Microsphere are small spherical shape characteristically free flowing powders, with diameters typically ranging from 1 μm to 1000 μm (1 mm). Microspheres can be produced using several natural and synthetic polymeric materials. Depending on the method, solid or porous microspheres can be obtained for specific intended applications. The variety of methods for the production of microspheres offers numerous opportunities to control the aspects of administration of the API. It provides the prolonged therapeutic action and reduce the dosing frequency, which improve the patient compliance. To get the desired effect the drug should deliver at the target tissue in an ideal amount in the right period of time with maximum therapeutic effect and minimum side effect. Now a day’s microspheres have been used to deliver drugs, vaccines etc. The article is mainly focus on the various aspect of microspheres drug delivery system along with their method of preparation, technique to evaluate its efficiency and pharmaceutical application of microspheres.

Floating drug delivery system: an outlook Choudhury, Ananta; Renthlei, Lalmalsawmi; Dewan, Manjima; Ahmed, Raju; Barakoti, Himal; Dey, Biplab Kumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Floating drug delivery is considered as the most effective amongst the several approaches of gastro retentive drug delivery systems. The short gastric residence times (GRT) and unpredictable gastric emptying times (GET) are the two most important parameters that play a vital role in improving the bioavailability of drugs those are having an absorption window at the stomach. The floating drug delivery approach is a low-density system that may be effervescent or Non-Effervescent type with sufficient buoyancy to flow over the gastric contents and remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting the stomachic emptying rate for a prolonged duration. Floating dosage forms include tablets, granules, capsules, microspheres, microparticle, etc. are few formulations available commercially. A comprehensive summary of different floating drug delivery and its present status has been highlighted in this review.

Formulation, optimization and evaluation of quick dispersible tablets of sumatriptan Baghel, Pragya; Roy, Amit; Chandrakar, Shashikant; Bahadur, Sanjib; Bhairam, Monika
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

The main objective of this study was to prepare quick dispersible tablets of drug sumatriptan succinate, which can rapidly disintegrate in the saliva using three different superdisintegrants that is, sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, and croscarmallose sodium with taste masking polymer beta-cyclodextrin and aspartame as a sweetener. The taste masking of the drug was done by mixing it with the polymer beta-cyclodextrin using solvent evaporation method and then mixing optimized quantity of aspartame to it. The quick dispersible tablets were prepared by direct compression technique using taste masked drug and other formulation excipients. The effect of various super disintegrants in three different concentrations has been studied. The prepared tablets were evaluated for wetting time, in-vitro disintegration time, strength, and in-vitro dissolution time. As per the results obtained, it was found that the formulation batch no. 4 was found to be the best formulation, as the data’s obtained by it was found to be in the required range of mouth dissolving tablets.

Synthesis and characterization of anti-infective agents Sharma, Monika; Sharma, Sonu; Arora, Neha; Sharma, Shreya; Matta, Yogesh; Sharma, Sharad
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7 No. 4 (2019)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Antifungal chemotherapy depends on bio-chemical alterations between fungi and mammals. Unlike bacteria, which are prokaryotes, both fungi and mammals are eukaryotes and the biochemical differences between them are not significant. However, there are some differences (in structure & metabolism) and focus is on these differences that act as targets for development of antifungal agents. The current recommendation of standard TB chemotherapy, called Directly observed treatment (DOTS) is a therapy of six month in which consists an first two-month phase of cure with four first-line drugs i.e. isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol. In this study large number of compounds is manufactured in which Most of the tested molecules showed maximum bacteriological growth inhibition at tested concentration. The combinations (7e, 7g, 7h, 7i and 7u) exhibited bacteriological growth inhibition at concentration of less than 40.0μg/ml against both microorganisms. Compounds (7o) showed growth of inhibition at 2.5μg/ml against both microorganisms. Additional challenging for all compounds at lower concentrations is mandatory to compare their activity through standard Streptomycin at its MIC to get exact MIC the manufactured combinations. Thus it can be concluded that designed 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives (7a-v) were manufactured successfully using planned synthetic outline. After manufactured the molecules were characterized using spectroscopy analysis and tested for the biological activity. All combinations showed anti-bacterial action at tested concentration against both gram positive and gram negative organisms and one of the compound 7o showed activity at concentration <2.5 μg/ml. Thus, these 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole results can then act as a potential principal for drug discovery of novel anti-infective agents.

Autism: a curse on today’s society Sarkar, Snehashis; Choudhury, Ananta; Saha, Suman; Dey, Biplab Kumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Autism is a group of neurodevelopment disorders characterized by impaired communication, impaired social interaction and restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviours or interests in the first 3 years of life. It shows a strong male bias and found four times more in males than in females. According to a study in the US, in 2014, overall 1.68% of victims were reported to have Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), whereas the percentage was increased by 15% and 150% respectively over the year 2012 and 2000. Numerous genes have been discovered that have roles in ASD but still a good understanding of the pathophysiological process of ASD is not established. ASD costs are estimated to be approximately $250 billion annually in the U.S. Moreover, it is suggested that by 2025, ASD costs will rise to over $450 billion. Thus, the financial burden on families is increasing. There is no effective screening tool for proper diagnosis is available. Based on Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) some tests like ADOS-G, ADI-R, CARS etc. are used for diagnosis. There are medications to cure symptoms but no single medication for ASD. However, some therapies (like ABA- Applied Behavioural Analysis, DTT- Discrete Trial Training, and Symptomatic treatments, etc.) are there that show positive responses towards improvement from a disease state. Some crucial advancement has been achieved in the last decades. Here in the work we have focused on the diagnostic methods and treatment available for the symptoms of Autism. So, it can be said that the day is not too far away when the remedy to cut the curse of autism will be in our hands.

A review on the current drugs and new targets for obesity Poojashree, M J; Siddalingaprasad, H S; Swetha, B R; Swamy, Shivukumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Obesity is defined as the condition in which the Body Mass Index (BMI) of an individual is between 25 and 29.5 that is ≥30kg/m2 and is caused by the imbalance management of energy intake and expenditure. Obesity is among the most prevalent diseases in the world and approximately over 10% of the people belong to overweight group in the world and over 5% in India. Currently many drugs are used to treat or to manage obesity. But these drugs also account for several side effects. So there is an extensive need of promising drugs which can control obesity with greater efficacy and economic viability. This review focusses on the current drugs in the market used to treat obesity and also few of the new probable targets to discover drugs

Liposome: a carrier for effective drug delivery Choudhury, Ananta; Sonowal, Kashmiri; Laskar, Rahela E; Deka, Debasish; Dey, Biplab Kumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Liposomes are the spherical vesicles containing one or more phospholipid bilayer, which was first described in the middle of 60s by Bangham. The bilayer vesicles are considered as an efficient carrier for drug delivery, diagnostic agents, and also an effective tool for vaccine delivery. Liposome has been used as a potential carrier for several diseases from cardiovascular disease to bacterial infection and also it has the ability to reducing the toxicity of highly potent drugs and simultaneously utilized to improve pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. A liposome is a formulation which has the capacity to overcome with the limitation of conventional therapies. For the delivery of liposome ocular and inhalation route are some advanced technology. In poorly water soluble substance pulmonary delivery is very much useful. However liposome based vaccines have been demonstrated in clinical trials and further progress in human trails. This review discusses the mechanism of action, Method of preparation, evaluation, application of liposomal drug delivery system along with the recent developments some of the commercially available products.

Development, standardization of polyherbal formulation of analgesic ointment of plant Carum copticum, Mentha piperita, Cedrus deodara Sharma, Sharad; Sharma, Sonu; Pradhan, Pankaj; Pathak, Shailesh; Sharma, Monika
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Ayurveda is one of the world’s oldest systems of medicine. It originated in India and has evolved there over thousands of years. The term “Ayurveda” combines then Sanskrit words ayur (life) andVeda (science or knowledge). Ayurveda means “the science of life. Medicinal plants and herbal drugs have played a key role in world health. According to world health organization (WHO), about 80% of the world population currently utilizes the herbal drugs. People are using herbal medicines from centuries for safety, efficacy, cultural acceptability, non-toxic, lesser side effects and easily available at affordable prices. In recent times, there has been a move in universal trend from synthetic to herbal medicine due to side effects of synthetic products. Herbal products may contain a single herb or combinations of several different herbs believed to have complementary and /synergistic effects. Some herbal products, including many traditional medicine formulations, also include animal products and minerals. Herbal products are sold as either raw plants or extracts of portions of the plant or in the form formulation i.e. tablet, capsule, syrup, cream and ointment etc. The different parts of plants with analgesic were taken up for the present study and investigated for the phytochemical screening and used for the formulation of analgesic ointment. Present study deals with formulation, Standardization, evaluation of ointment made from alcoholic extract and essential oil of different plants.

Calendula officinalis and Echinacae purpurae as antimicrobial agent G., Jyotisree; R., Sruthi; Biju, C. R.; Menon, Amita S.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Microorganisms includes viruses, bacteria, protozoan, fungi and algae. The potential sources of microbes includes soil, water, atmosphere, plants, animals etc., of which, soil is the No. 1 concern for microbes. They mainly cause infections in respiratory tract, gastro intestinal tract, urogenital tract, skin etc. The repeated intake of antibiotics against these infections leads to many adverse effects like antimicrobial resistance, which creates an urge for the society to depend on medicinal plants. Homeopathic medicine is considered as a complementary systems of medicine, which uses lower doses of plants, animals and inorganic substances to cure ailments and many of these homeopathic tinctures possess antimicrobial activity. This article reviews on antimicrobial property of Calendula officinalis and Echinacae purpurae mother tinctures and concludes that these two tinctures can be regarded as promising antimicrobial agents as they contain some phytochemical constituents responsible for the prevention of microbial growth

A comparative evaluation of Ficus religiosa with Ficus species for its anti-inflammatory activity: a review Biju , C. R.; Jyotisree , G.; S., Amita; R., Sruthi
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Herbal medicine is one of the oldest forms in medical treatment. Through various studies it was known that medicinal herbs are used for treating inflammatory disorders in traditional medicine. Inflammation is the body’s process of opposing against the foreign particles that harm it, such as infections, injuries etc. The work aims to compare the anti-inflammatory action of extracts of various Ficus species using Carrageenan induced hind paw oedema method and cotton pellet granuloma method. Literature surveys have been done to check the extent of anti-inflammatory activity on extracts of various plant parts like roots, leaves, barks, fruits etc. of Ficus species with oral administration of different doses. As a result, the leaf extract of plant Ficus religiosa have found to be greater effect compared to other Ficus species. Thus, the review may conclude that the anti-inflammatory effect of Ficus religiosa extract is more potent than other Ficus species

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