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Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture

carakatani
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Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret

ISSN : 26139456 EISSN : 25992570 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association (PAGI), Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network), and Indonesian Agricultural Higher Education Communication Forum (FKPTPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.

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Articles 485 Documents

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Estimation Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance of Mutant Black Rice (M6) Ahmad Sofian; Nandariyah Nandariyah; Djati Waluyo Djoar; Sutarno Sutarno
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 34, No 2 (2019): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

A better understanding of variability in plant populations is crucial for crop improvement which plant breeders can use through selection. This study aimed to determine selection criteria for the sixth generation of black rice through genetic variability, heritability value and genetic advance. This research was conducted from March to July 2018 at Pakahan Village, Jogonalan Sub-district, Klaten Regency, Central Java, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The variables observed were plant height, total number of tillers and productive tillers, panicle length, number of seeds per panicle, panicle intensity index, weight per panicle, 1,000 seed weight, seed weight per plant, flowering age, harvest age, plot yield, yield per hectare, rice color and total anthocyanin content. Variance analysis showed that there was a very significant difference (p <0.01) among the genotypes tested for all observed characters indicating variability. In this study, the phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) values was relatively higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for all traits. However, GCV values were close to PCV values in some characters such as plant height, flowering age, harvest age, rice color and anthocyanin content which showed a high contribution of genotypic effects to the phenotypic expression of these characters. The high heritability and high average value of genetic advance were indicated in the parameters of plant height, flowering age, harvest age, rice color and anthocyanin content. The characters of plant height, flowering age, harvest age, rice color and anthocyanin content can be used as sixth-generation black rice selection criteria.

Modification of Media for Banana In Vitro Propagation with Foliar Fertilizer and Coconut Water in cv. Rajabulu Siti Mardhikasari; Ahmad Yunus; Samanhudi Samanhudi
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 35, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

The use of foliar fertilizers and coconut water is potential; foliar fertilizer is the alternative medium and coconut water is the plant growth regulator (PGR) in the banana tissue culture. This study aimed to examine the ability of foliar fertilizer to substitute Murashige and Skoog (MS) media and coconut water as the main source of cytokine. There are two factors in this research. The first factor is the media, which consist of three levels, i.e. fully MS, ½ MS + ½ foliar fertilizer and fully foliar fertilizer. The second factor is the coconut water with four levels of concentration i.e. 50, 100, 150 and 200 ml l-1. The results show that fully formulated foliar fertilizer had not been able to substitute or even compete with a fully MS media, but conversely foliar fertilizer was used to substitute ½ MS media. This can be seen from the parameters of shoot length, leaf length, root number and root length with the highest yield that was found in MS media (8.7, 4.66, 3.33 and 3.23 cm). The 50-100 ml l-1 concentrations of coconut water showed the best results by giving a significant effect on the number of roots and root length. The acclimatization of plantlets in this study was nearly 100%, indicated by the formation of a complete organ.

The Effect of Spent Bleaching Earth Filler-Based NPK Fertilization on Proline, Growth and Yield of Maize Ranggi Sumanjaya Purba; Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 35, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) is by-product of cooking oil processing industry of crude palm oil (CPO). Palm oil industry is growing every year, followed by population growth and consumption of cooking oil so that the greater volume of waste generates SBE. An innovation is needed to anticipate the problem of SBE waste in agricultural sector, dealing with a filler component in the production of NPK fertilizer additives. This study aims to determine proline response, growth and yield of the maize to fertilization NPK with SBE-based filler. The experiments used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with the treatments of NPK filler (15:15:15) consisting of BC (brown clay), SBE and DBE (deoiled bleaching earth) at a dose of 6 g polybag-1. The results showed that the use of SBE gave the same effect on plant height, leaf number, stem diameter and 100-seed weight, but the use of SBE could increase 61.15% of proline activity. SBE can substitute filler on the additional materials of NPK fertilizer.

The Effect of Potassium Addition on Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Roots Anatomic Properties under Drought Stress Wiski Irawan; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 35, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

The availability of water is one of the main limiting factors for oil palm growth and production. Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plants because of its role in controlling metabolic and physiological activities. This study aimed to examine the effect of different K fertilizer doses on root anatomic properties under drought stress. The experiment was arranged in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was drought stress, consisting of three levels of fractions of transpirable soil water (FTSW) (FTSW 1 (control: field capacity); FTSW 0.35 (moderate drought); FTSW 0.15 (severe drought)) and the second factor was K dose (sourced from KCl), consisting of five levels (K0: 0%; K1: 50%; K2: 100%; K3: 150%; K4: 200%). The results showed that there was an interaction between the addition of K doses and the tolerance level of oil palm plants to drought stress. The addition of 100% K gave higher results in the parameters of xylem diameter, phloem diameter and cortex cell width compared to the plants without K. The results disclosed that 200% K application on moderate drought stress and severe drought stress in oil palm seedlings could widen xylem diameter, phloem diameters, strengthen cell such as epidermal cells, cortex cells, thickness of endodermic cells, thickness of sclerenchyma cells and increase hardness of cell compared to field capacity. As for the parameters of thick endodermic cells, stele diameter and sclerenchyma diameter, an addition of 50% K could give higher results.

Physiological Response of Upland Rice Varieties to Furrow with Organic Matter on Agroforestry System with Kayu Putih (Melaleuca leucadendra L.) Puji Lestari Tarigan; Tohari Tohari; Priyono Suryanto
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 34, No 2 (2019): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Drought is one of the major limitations in dry land cultivation. Drought affects plant physiology processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, mineral and water transportation, and transpiraton, briefly called drought stress. Drought stress can be avoided by managing environment. Furrow containing organic matter for rain fed rice has been the subject of many studies, with special emphasis on soil moisture. This research is aimed to know the effects of the furrow containing organic matter on physiological responses of several upland rice varieties on agroforestry system based on kayu putih (cajuput). The experimental design applied the strip plot design. The vertical factor is the furrow system of treatment consisting of 2 levels i.e. without furrow + without organic matter and furrow + organic matters. The horizontal factors are the upland rice varieties consisting of 3 varieties i.e. Situ Patenggang, Situ Bagendit and Ciherang. The collected data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) applying a level of significance α = 5%. Whenever significant differences among treatments were found, further analysis was carried out by applying the Tukey's HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test α = 5% levels. The result shows that drought affects plant physiology and can be avoided by using furrow containing organic matters. Situ Patenggang with furrow containing organic matters has the higher physiology capability, it had photosynthesis 387.18 µmol CO2 per clump s-1, transpiration 3038.50 mg per clump per secondand CO2 721.11 mol CO2 clump per mol. There different plant requirements for Cu between varieties.

The Characterization of Black Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Endang Yuniastuti; Sukaya Sukaya; Lintang Chandra Dewi; Marshelina Noor Indah Delfianti
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 35, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is potential as an alternative source of protein other than soybeans and is tolerant to dry conditions, but the cultivation of this plant has not been intensively carried out in Indonesia. This research aims to explore the characteristics of black pigeon pea and investigate the producing areas of black pigeon peas in Gunungkidul. Based on the field survey, 30 types of black pigeon peas were found. They were located in Pringapus and Klopoloro 1 Hamlets. This research was conducted on March-June 2018 in Yogyakarta. The observation variables in this study include research environmental condition and plant morphology, for examples, stems, leaves, flowers, pods and seeds. Morphological data were analyzed using NTSYS program. The results show that the height of pigeon pea plants ranged from 63 to 176 cm, the number of branches ranged from 18 to 35, the colors of stem were green to purple and the stem thickness was >13 mm. The similiarity of the coefficient value of pigeon peas in Pringapus ranged between 84% and 95%, while the similarity in Klopoloro 1 varied between 80% and 97%.

Decision Support System for Determining Mini Sugar Mill Location in Madura Mokh. Rum; Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto; Slamet Hartono; Masyhuri Masyhuri
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 34, No 2 (2019): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Madura has widely potential farming business of sugarcane and has enough raw material to build a mini sugar mill. Sugarcane is cultivated in Madura, particularly in four regencies, namely Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep. To decide the location of mini sugar mill in one of the regencies requires decision support system (DSS). This study aimed to determine the priority of mini sugar mill location in Madura. This research used primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected using questionnaires. Then, the results of evaluation from the experts, on the items of questions, were analyzed with analytical hierarchy process (AHP). This was accomplished using Expert Choice 2000 software. Analysis of the selection of mini sugar mill location considered six criteria, namely the land suitability level, existing infrastructure, the potential of raw materials, the availability of labor, social capital and institutions. The selected criteria were further classified into sub-criteria to clarify the definitions of operational criteria and facilitate assessment for respondents. The results show that social capital had the greatest influence on decision making, followed by the land suitability level and the potential of raw materials. The finding in this research is that the mini sugar mill location is given priority in Bangkalan Regency, Madura. The conclusion of this research is that AHP analysis can be used as a method to take accurate decision in determining the location of sugarcane factory in certain area of sugarcane farming business development.

Risk Aversion, Risk Preference and Farmers’ Decision to Participate in Broiler Contract Farming: A Case Study in Jember, Indonesia Mohammad Rondhi; Joni Murti Mulyo Aji; Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan; Adinda Tissa Rachmasari Putri; Rizky Yanuarti
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 35, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

The demand for broiler is rising rapidly due to its capability as the main animal protein source. In contrast, the production of broiler meat is unstable due to the possibility of farm risk. Contract Farming (CF) is one of the risk management tools for farmers but has not been used effectively. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence farmers’ decision to participate in CF. The analysis used six independent variables, namely farmer’s age, farm size, household size, education, farmer’s risk preference and risk aversion level. This study used primary data from 70 broiler farmers in Jember, which were divided into two groups, contract farmer and independent farmer. Each group had the same number of respondents. The results show that five among six independent variables significantly affected farmers’ decision to take part in CF. Farmer’s age decreased farmer’s probability to participate in CF, while education, farm size, household size and risk preference had positive effects. Farmer’s risk aversion level did not have any significant effect. The results suggest that the effort to expand CF participation should focus on young and educated farmers with large farm size.

The Characteristics of Striped Catfish Oil (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Extracted by Dry Rendering Method at Different Temperatures Dhita Ulfi Lestari; Sumardianto Sumardianto; Lukita Purnamayati
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 35, No 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is a high-fat fish compared to other freshwater fish like snakehead fish and carp. Striped catfish oil contains unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids that are beneficial for health. The quality of catfish oil is affected by the extraction method, especially the preliminary heating temperature for the extraction. This study aimed to determine the effect of different heating temperatures on the characteristics of catfish oil and find the best heating temperature in the dry rendering process. This study used a completely randomized design with three different heating temperatures (80°C, 100°C and 120°C). The result showed that the extraction at various temperatures was significantly different on the yield, moisture content, peroxide value, iodine value, free fatty acids value and slip melting point, but not significantly different in sensory properties. A higher heating temperature could increase the yield percentage, free fatty acids values, peroxide values, iodine values, except to the moisture contents, slip melting point and fatty acid profiles. The best temperature was 100°C for 20 minutes with 9.09% yield, 1.44% moisture content, 1.72% free fatty acid, 15.82% iodine value and sensory of 7.65<µ<8.15. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the dry rendering temperature affects the characteristics of the catfish oil.

Competitiveness of Palm Oil Products in International Trade: An Analysis between Indonesia and Malaysia Muhammad Arsyad; Achmad Amiruddin; Suharno Suharno; Siti Jahroh
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 35, No 2 (2020): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

The supply of palm oil products is still a central issue in international trade. Indonesia and Malaysia are major suppliers, contributing around 85% of world palm oil. Hence, both countries have an important role, as well as competing with each other in international trade. The palm oil products usually in high demand worldwide include Crude Palm Oil (CPO), which is the main and its derivative products such as Refined Bleached Deodorized (RBD) palm olein and Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD). Therefore, the research aims at assessing the competitiveness of palm oil products between Indonesia and Malaysia in international trade. The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and products mapping methods were used in this assessment. The results show that, the value of RCA of Indonesian CPO showed a negative trend, although, still higher than Malaysia, though with positive trend. However, Indonesian RBD palm olein and PFAD have a positive trend compared with Malaysia. Upon using the method of products mapping, it was found that, the palm oil products of both countries were in group A. This is an indication that the products have comparative advantage and export specialization. Therefore, there is need for strategic policies, in both countries, for supporting oil palm activities at the downstream. This will enhance the production of derivative products with the capacity of also meeting demands in the international trade.

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