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Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : 25497715     EISSN : 25497715     DOI : -
Jurnal Ilmu Budaya (Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya) merupakan jurnal yang dikelola oleh Fakultas Ilmu Budaya sebagai media publikasi ilmiah hasil penelitian dalam bidang bahasa, sastra, seni, dan budaya, termasuk pengajarannya. Terbit sebanyak empat kali setahun, yaitu pada bulan Januari, April, Juli, dan Oktober, dan diterbitkan hanya dalam format elektronik.
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Articles 617 Documents
TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI DALAM PIDATO JURU BICARA COVID-19 DOKTER A. YURIANTO (KAJIAN PRAGMATIK) Munawaroh, Fatihatul; Hanum, Irma Surayya; Wahyuni, Ian
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Januari 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v6i1.5281

Abstract

ABSTRAKKondisi dunia belakangan ini sangat mengkhawatirkan karena terjadinya wabah virus yang disebut sebagai Corona Virus 19 yang ditetapkan World Health Organization (WHO) sebagai pandemi dunia. Presiden Indonesia pun dalam Kepres Nomor 12 Tahun 2020 menetapkan bencana non-alam covid-19 sebagai bencana nasional dan membentuk tim garda terdepan yang disebut Gugus Tugas Percepatan Penanganan Covid-19 serta menunjuk dr. A. Yurianto sebagai juru bicara covid-19 untuk melaporkan kepada masyarakat tentang perkembangan covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian pragmatik yang berfokus pada tindak tutur ilokusi untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk tindak tutur ilokusi dan fungsi tindak tutur ilokusi dalam pidato juru bicara covid-19 dr. A. Yurianto. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu tuturan pidato juru bicara covid-19 dr. A. Yurianto.  Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik simak bebas libat cakap dan teknik catat. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode padan ekstralingual untuk menganalisis tuturan berdasarkan konteks yang bermakna informasi, saran, himbauan dan perintah. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu ditemukan 3 bentuk tindak tutur ilokusi yaitu asertif, direktif dan ekspresif serta 3 fungsi tindak tutur ilokusi yaitu kompetitif, konvivial dan kolaboratif. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu bentuk dan fungsi tindak tutur ilokusi yang terdapat dalam pidato dr. A. Yurianto sangat mengedukasi namun tidak terlalu memengaruhi kehidupan masyarakat karena fakta data kasus positif covid-19 semakin bertambah disebabkan oleh atensi/perhatian Pemerintah tidak merata disebabkan wilayah Indonesia yang luas dan masyarakat yang tidak patuh terhadap protokol kesehatan.Kata Kunci: covid-19, pidato dr. A. Yurianto, tindak tutur ilokusi ABSTRACTRecent world conditions are very worrying due to the occurrence of a virus known as Corona 19 Virus which has been established by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a world pandemic. The President of Indonesia, in Presidential Decree No. 12/2020, declared the non-natural disaster covid-19 a national disaster and formed a front line team called the Task Force for the Acceleration of Covid-19 Handling and appointed dr. A. Yurianto as a spokesman for Covid-19 to report to the public about the development of Covid-19. This study uses a pragmatic study that focuses on illocutionary speech acts to describe the form of illocutionary speech acts and the function of illocutionary speech acts in the speech of the spokesperson for Covid-19, dr. A. Yurianto. The method uses is descriptive qualitative with the type of library research. The data used in this study were the speech of the Covid-19 spokesman, dr. A. Yurianto. The data collection technique used was the free listening technique and the technique of taking notes. The data analysis technique uses the extralingual equivalent method to analyze context-based speech which means information, suggestions, appeals and instructions. The results of the research are found 3 forms of illocutionary speech acts, namely assertive, directive and expressive and 3 functions of illocutionary speech acts, namely competitive, convivial and collaborative. The conclusion in this study is the form and function of illocutionary speech acts contained in dr. A. Yurianto is very educational but does not really affect people's lives due to the fact that the data on positive cases of Covid-19 is increasing due to the uneven attention of the Government due to Indonesia's vast territory and people who do not comply with health protocols.Keywords: covid-19, speech of dr. A. Yurianto, illocutionary speech acts
PANDANGAN DUNIA DALAM MERAH PUTIH DI LANGIT SANGA-SANGA KARYA DJUMRI OBENG: KAJIAN STRUKTURALISME GENETIK Wahyuliansyah, Fitra; Dahlan, Dahri; Purwanti, Purwanti
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Januari 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v6i1.5266

Abstract

ABSTRAK Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga yang diterbitkan tahun 1995 oleh penerbit Puspa Swara adalah roman yang berlatarkan peristiwa sejarah, yakni peristiwa yang dikenal Peristiwa Merah Putih. Peristiwa Merah Putih merupakan peristiwa konfrontasi antara tentara BPRI (Barisan Pembela Republik Indonesia) dengan tentara KNIL (Koninklijke Netherlands Indische Leger) Belanda di Sanga-Sanga, Kalimantan Timur pada tahun 1947. Penelitian ini membahas Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga secara struktural menggunakan kajian strukturalisme genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan struktur yang ada dalam Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga, (2) mendeskripsikan pandangan dunia pengarang dalam Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga, dan (3) mendeskripsikan konteks struktur sosial yang melatar-belakangi Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang sumber datanya merupakan teks dalam Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik baca dan catat. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori strukturalisme genetik Lucien Goldmann. Dari hasil analisis tersebut maka dapat terlihat struktur, pandangan dunia pengarang, dan konteks struktur sosial yang melatar-belakangi Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga.Kata kunci: strukturalisme, strukturalisme genetik, pandangan dunia, Sanga-Sanga, Djumri Obeng ABSTRACT Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga is a romance are based upon historical event known as Peristiwa Merah Putih, and published in 1995 by Puspa Swara. Peristiwa Merah Putih was an event of confrontation between BPRI soldiers and Dutch KNIL soldiers in Sanga-Sanga, East Kalimantan in 1947. This research discusses Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga using genetic structuralism. This research aims to (1) describe the structures in Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga, (2) describe the author’s worldview in Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga, and (3) describe what kind of social structure background of Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga. This research is descriptive qualitative studies by sourcing Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga. The data collection is using reading and note-taking techniques. Then, the collected data were analyzed by using Lucien Goldmann’s genetic structuralism theory. From the results can know the structure, author’s worldview, and social structure background of Merah Putih di Langit Sanga-Sanga.Keywords: structuralism, genetic structuralism, worldview, Sanga-Sanga, Djumri Obeng
HEROIC JOURNEY OF WADE WATTS IN ERNEST CLINE’S READY PLAYER ONE Pratama, Zumaidil Arif; Kuncara, Singgih Daru; M., Fatimah
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 5, No 4 (2021): Oktober 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v5i4.4688

Abstract

Myth and Heroes have been a part of humanity’s culture since long time ago. Campbell argues that all myth comes from a single source and dub it as the Monomyth. In these days and age, heroes still exist within the various media that we consume every day and one such work is Ernest Cline’s Ready Player One. The purpose of this study is to prove that monomyth and the characteristics of myth can be found within Ready Player One by examining its main character, Wade Watts. This study used the descriptive qualitative method to explain the story. The study employs two theories to describe Wade’s journey. First, it used the Monomyth by Joseph Campbell as the primary theory to analyze the hero’s journey from the beginning till the end. Second, Northrop Frye’s Theory of Myth is used to analyze the characteristic of myth and determine the work’s genre of myth. The result of the study showed that the monomyth is applicable in this work, all stages of monomyth can be found within the work, except for the refusal to the call. Furthermore, by employing Frye’s theory, the research showed that the most common characteristics of myth that appears in this research belongs to the Summer: Romance. These two analyses were able to successfully describe Wade’s journey and myth.
SCHIZOPHRENIA FOUND IN JERRY HICKFANG’S CHARACTER IN “THE VOICES” MOVIE Asriwanti, Era; Surya, Satyawati; Setyowati, Ririn
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 5, No 4 (2021): Oktober 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v5i4.4602

Abstract

The Voices movie is analyzed in this study because it is based on true story and also lots of lesson in life found in it such as, mental illness, behaves, and communicate. This research aimed at identifying the types of hallucination and the types of language abnormalities as reflected in the schizophrenic conversations of Jerry Hickfang's character in The Voices movie. The method used by the researcher is descriptive qualitative. The data of this study were analyzed by using Veague’s theory about hallucination and using Liddle et al (2002) theory about language abnormalities. In the process of analyzing all of those data, the researcher had some procedures namely watching the movie for several times, reading the movie script, then analyzing Jerry Hickfang’s character related to behaviour and language. The researcher mentioned two findings, they are types of hallucination and language abnormalities. For the types of hallucination, there are 3 types of hallucination stated in this movie, namely auditory hallucination, visual hallucination and olfactory hallucination. For the types of language abnormalities, there are 2 types of it stated in this movie, namely disorganization and dysregulation. In disorganization, there are 3 subtypes, namely looseness, peculiar use of word and non- logical reasoning (peculiar logic). In dysregulation, there are 2 subtypes namely perseveration and distractibility. There are 4 data of both (hallucination and language abnormalities).
CHILDREN’S OPPRESSION TOWARD ENDER FROM ENDER’S GAME NOVEL Sofyan, Fitria; Kuncara, Singgih Daru; Asanti, Chris
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Januari 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v6i1.5505

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study is focused on the children’s oppression experienced by Ender as the main character in a novel entitled Ender’s Game. The novel tells about a child who was training under an army to fight aliens. The research question of this study is what types of oppression that Ender has to experience as portrayed in Ender’s Game novel using Young’s five faces of oppression theory. Under the paradigm of qualitative research design, the findings are descriptively explained. The result of the analysis using Young’s theory showed that Ender experienced three types of oppression. In the total of nine data found, they were classified under violence, cultural imperialism, and powerlessness. Four data found were under violence, three data belonged under cultural imperialism, and two data classified under powerlessness. Lastly, based on the findings, it can be concluded that novel as part of literary work can also function as a reminder and a tool to improve awareness to society about the issues that are still happening. Key words: oppressor, oppression, Ender’s Game novel  ABSTRAK Kajian ini difokuskan pada penindasan anak-anak yang dialami oleh Ender sebagai tokoh utama dalam novel berjudul Ender's Game. Novel tersebut menceritakan tentang seorang anak yang sedang berlatih di bawah pasukan untuk melawan alien. Pertanyaan penelitian dari studi ini adalah jenis penindasan apa yang harus dialami Ender seperti yang digambarkan dalam novel Ender's Game menggunakan teori lima wajah penindasan Young. Di bawah paradigma desain penelitian kualitatif, temuan dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Hasil analisis menggunakan teori Young menunjukkan bahwa Ender mengalami tiga jenis penindasan. Dari total sembilan data yang ditemukan, mereka diklasifikasikan dalam kekerasan, imperialisme budaya, dan ketidakberdayaan. Empat data ditemukan berada di bawah kekerasan, tiga data milik imperialisme budaya, dan dua data diklasifikasikan dalam ketidakberdayaan. Terakhir, berdasarkan temuan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa novel sebagai bagian dari karya sastra juga dapat berfungsi sebagai reminder dan alat untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang isu-isu yang masih terjadi. Kata kunci: penindas, penindasan, novel Ender's Game
A PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LENA HALOWAY’S EXPERIENCE IN LAUREN OLIVER’S DELIRIUM NOVEL Pitaloka, Epifani Putri; Natsir, M.; Valiantien, Nita Maya
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Januari 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v6i1.5203

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis research reports a phenomenological analysis in Lena Haloway’s experience following the traumatic events. Phenomenology describes the meaning of experience as the essence of a phenomenon, and explores the perspective to learn from the experience of others. It gives reflection to the issues important to the research. Delirium novel portrays the character of Lena Haloway who has experienced tremendous amount of loss in her life and she also has experienced the struggle living under the totalitarian government that seems to dictate her decisions. That traumatic experience affects her perspective of the world she lives in. This research uses qualitative-descriptive method and purposes to examine the phenomenological concepts of Lena Haloway’s experiences and how they are affects her perspective represents in Delirium novel by using Husserl’s Phenomenology and Heidegger’s Hermeneutic theories. The result reveals that Lena experienced all five phenomenological concepts of experience; those are intentionality, noema, noesis, intersubjectivity, and intuition. It also shows that those experiences affect her perspective. All the results represent through Lena’s narration, actions, and feelings as the first person narrator.Key words: phenomenology, hermeneutic, experience, affect, perspective ABSTRAKPenelitian ini melaporkan analisis fenomenologis dalam pengalaman Lena Haloway setelah mengalami peristiwa traumatis. Fenomenologi menggambarkan makna pengalaman sebagai esensi dari suatu fenomena dan menggali perspektif untuk belajar dari pengalaman orang lain. Ini memberikan gambaran pada masalah penting untuk penelitian ini. Novel Delirium menggambarkan karakter bernama Lena Haloway yang mengalami banyak kehilangan dalam hidupnya dan ia juga mengalami sulitnya hidup di bawah pemerintahan totaliter yang mengatur keputusannya. Pengalaman traumatis tersebut memengaruhi perspektifnya terhadap dunia yang ia tinggali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif dan bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep fenomenologi dalam pengalaman Lena Haloway dan bagaimana pengalaman tersebut memengaruhi perspektifnya tentang hidup yang tergambar dalam novel Delirium dengan menggunakan teori fenomenologi oleh Husserl dan teori hermeneutika oleh Heidegger. Hasil mengungkapkan bahwa Lena mengalami kelima konsep fenomenologi, yaitu kesengajaan, noema, noesis, intersubyektivitas, dan intuisi. Hal tersebut juga menunjukan bahwa pengalaman tersebut telah memengaruhi perspektifnya. Data dikumpulkan melalui narasi, tindakan, dan perasaan Lena dalam sudut pandang orang pertama.Kata kunci: fenomenologi, hermeneutika, pengalaman, pengaruh, perspektif
THE STUDY OF CONVERSATIONAL UTTERANCES IN A STAR IS BORN MOVIE Febri Rhamadani, Siti Natasya
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 5, No 4 (2021): Oktober 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v5i4.5050

Abstract

This thesis studies conversational implicature in A Star is Born Movie. A Star Is Born is a 2018 American romantic musical drama film starred by Cooper, Lady Gaga, Dave Chappelle, Andrew Dice Clay, and Sam Elliott. It tells the story about a hard-drinking musician (Cooper) who discovers and falls in love with a young singer (Gaga). The research focuses on the conversations between characters in the movie. The objectives of the study are 1) to identify the conversational implicatures utterances on A Star Is Born movie, and 2) to analyze the conversational implicatures which have additional meaning. This research is qualitative research. To analyze the data, the study uses Grice’s theory of conversational implicature; Generalized conversational implicature, and particularized conversational implicature. The result of the study shows that: First, there are 375 data containing conversational implicature. Those conversational implicature are divided into two, generalized implicature and particularized implicature. From 375 conversational implicature, there are 220 utterances belong to generalized implicature and 155 utterances belong to particularized implicature. Second, all conversational implicature have additional meaning. It means, there are 375 data of conversational implicature have additional meaning.
PREJUDICE IN AYMAN JAMAL’S BILAL: A NEW BREED OF HERO (2015) FILM Ikrar Dyrata, Halwin Esa; Nasrullah, Nasrullah; Max, Jonathan Irene Sartika
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 5, No 4 (2021): Oktober 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v5i4.5071

Abstract

Prejudice is the common phenomena in our daily activity where people do not realize that they are prejudicing others. This often happens due to differences in the diversity that exist in society. People usually construct a stereotype for good or bad about individual or group. As a reflection of the real life, several films also contain the phenomenon of prejudice and one of them is Bilal: A New Breed of Hero. This research aims to analyze the prejudice contained in Bilal: A New Breed of Hero and also the characters struggle for freedom. This research was conducted by using a descriptive method and qualitative approach. In this research, researcher took data from the conversations of characters in the film. The results of this research show that there are fourteen data which are indicated as prejudice and four characterizations struggle aimed for freedom. In this study, there are five types of prejudice, namely antilocution, avoidance, discrimination, physical attack and extermination. The data obtained to examine character struggles only reached four of the five analyzes.
EMOTION AND CONFLICT IN ALICE SEBOLD’S THE LOVELY BONES NOVEL Fransisca, Candra; Natsir, M.; Muhajir, Fatimah
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 5, No 4 (2021): Oktober 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v5i4.4265

Abstract

This research discussed emotion and conflict by Jack’s character in The Lovely Bones novel by Alice Sebold. The purposes of this study were to find the types of emotion experienced by Jack’s character and to find conflict caused by Jack’s emotion. This analysis includes to qualitative research method and a psychological approach. This research used The Lovely Bones novel as the source of data. The data derived from the dialogues and narration that represent emotion and conflict toward Jack’s character. The theories used in this analysis were the theory of emotion by Paul Ekman and the types of conflict by Lewis Coser. The result of this thesis showed that Jack as one of character in the novel shown various types of emotion. Those emotions are happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and surprise. In this case, that emotion caused conflict such as person versus self and person versus person that happened by Jack’s character in the novel.
TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI DALAM NOVEL RE: KARYA MAMAN SUHERMAN Lirung, Novita Tia; Hanum, Irma Surayya; Purwanti, Purwanti
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Januari 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v6i1.5274

Abstract

ABSTRAKNovel sebagai salah satu bentuk cerminan kehidupan manusia yang di dalamnya tertulis tuturan dialog antar tokoh. Pemahaman pembaca terhadap novel pada umumnya sebagai bahan bacaan, hiburan, atau informasi, sehingga bentuk dan fungsi tuturan yang terdapat di dalam novel kurang menjadi perhatian. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan bentuk dan fungsi tindak tutur ilokusi dalam novel Re: karya Maman Suherman. Merupakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan, pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kutipan kalimat dialog antar tokoh, dan sumber data berdasarkan pada sebuah novel berjudul Re: karya Maman Suherman. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik baca dan catat. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis padan ekstralingual. Temuan bentuk dan fungsi tuturan dianalisis menggunakan teori tindak tutur ilokusi. Hasil dari penelitian dalam novel Re: karya Maman Suherman ditemukan bentuk tindak tutur langsung, tindak tutur tidak langsung, tindak tutur langsung literal, dan tindak tutur langsung tidak literal. Fungsi tindak tutur asertif yang berfungsi untuk menyatakan. Direktif yang berfungsi untuk memesan, memerintah, memohon, dan menasihati. Ekspresif yang berfungsi untuk berterima kasih, meminta maaf, menyalahkan, dan memuji. Komisif yang berfungsi untuk berjanji, bersumpah, dan menawarkan sesuatu. Deklaratif yang berfungsi untuk memberi nama. Simpulan dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bentuk tindak tutur langsung, tindak tutur tidak langsung, tindak tutur langsung literal, dan tindak tutur langsung tidak literal. Fungsi tindak tutur yaitu: menyatakan, memesan, memerintah, memohon, menasihati, berterima kasih, meminta maaf, menyalahkan, memuji, berjanji, bersumpah, menawarkan seseuatu, dan memberi nama.Kata kunci: novel Re:, tindak tutur ilokusi ABSTRACTNovels are a form of reflection of human life in which dialogue stories between characters are written. Readers' understanding of novels is generally used as reading material, entertainment, or information, so that the form and function of the speech contained in the novel is less of a concern. The purpose of this research is to describe the form and function of illocutionary speech acts in Maman Suherman's Re: novel. Is a type of library research, this research approach is descriptive qualitative. The data in this study are in the form of quotations from dialogue sentences between characters, and the data source is based on a novel entitled Re: by Maman Suherman. Data collection techniques used reading and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique used extralingual equivalent analysis. The findings of speech form and function were analyzed using illocutionary speech act theory. The results of research in the novel Re: by Maman Suherman found direct speech acts, indirect speech acts, literal direct speech acts, and non-literal direct speech acts. The function of assertive speech acts is to express. A directive whose function is to order, command, beg, and advise. Expressive functions to thank, apologize, blame, and praise. Commissive whose function is to promise, swear, and offer something. Declarative that serves to give names. The conclusions in this research are found in the form of direct speech acts, indirect speech acts, direct literal speech acts, and non-literal direct speech acts. The functions of speech acts are: to state, order, command, beg, advise, thank, apologize, blame, praise, promise, swear, offer something, and give a name.Keywords: novel Re :, illocutionary speech acts