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All Journal CaLLs : Journal of Culture, Arts, Literature, and Linguistics Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sastra, Bahasa, dan Seni (Sesanti) Ruhui Rahayu: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Riseta Soshum
Muhajir, Fatimah
Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Mulawarman
Arts Humanities Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences Other

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THE REFLECTION OF THE WORKING-CLASS LIFE CONDITIONS DURING THE VICTORIAN ERA FOUND IN OLIVER TWIST IN DICKENS’ OLIVER TWIST Rusmini, Rusmini; Kuncara, Singgih Daru; Muhajir, Fatimah
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni dan Budaya Vol 3, No 4 (2019): Oktober 2019
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (250.363 KB) | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v3i4.2352

Abstract

This study examines Oliver Twist novel written by Charles Dickens as the object of the research. The aims of this research are to find out the conditions of working-class life during the Victorian era which are reflected in Oliver Twist novel, and to show the way Dickens reflected the conditions of working-class life during the Victorian era in Oliver’s life. This research uses the sociology of literature theory in analyzing the working-class life conditions in the novel. The method of this research belongs to qualitative research, using mimetic approach. The data of this research are words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs that indicated as the working-class life conditions as reflected in the novel. Then the result of the research shows there are seven characteristics of the working-class life condition as reflected in Dickens’ Oliver Twist such as the workhouse, fear and hopelessness, the smallest laborers, a difficult transition, an unsanitary life, crime in the city, and too much convicts; and the way Dickens reflected the working-class life conditions during the Victorian era in the novel through Oliver’s actions, dialogues, speech, thoughts, appearance and the narrations of the story.
CLASS EXPLOITATION IN RON RASH’S SERENA NOVEL: A MARXIST CRITICISM Nurman, Muniralizah; Kuncara, Singgih Daru; Muhajir, Fatimah
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni dan Budaya Vol 4, No 3 (2020): Juli 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v4i3.3101

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis study examined Serena novel written by Ron Rash as the object of the research. The aimed of this research was to find out the portrayal of class distinction and labor exploitation in the novel. To achieve the purposes of the study, the research applied Marx’s Social Class and Exploitation theory, and International Labor Organization or ILO’s Indicators of Labor Exploitation. This research used descriptive qualitative research method and Marxist criticism to analyze the social issue of class exploitation reflected in the novel. The data in this research were words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs that indicated social class and exploitation. The result of this research showed two social classes, they were bourgeoisie and proletariat. Bourgeoisie referred to Serena, Pemberton, Buchanan and Wilkie who were owner of timber business, while proletariat were the workers whose life only depended on bourgeoisie for employment. Meanwhile, there were four forms of labor exploitation. First was excessive working hour, like worked eleven hours shift a day and only fifteen minutes break. Second was low salary, like cheap labor and inappropriate wages. Third was bad living condition, like limited and uncomfortable living condition, live in cheap and ragged wooden boxcar. And fourth was hazardous work, like no safety equipment, manual and dangerous tools, forced to work in moody ground and against extreme cold. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengkaji novel Serena yang ditulis oleh Ron Rash sebagai objek penelitian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan gambaran perbedaan kelas dan eksploitasi pekerja di dalam novel. Untuk memperoleh tujuan penelitian, penelitian ini menggunakan teori Kelas Sosial dan Eksploitasi oleh Karl Marx, dan teori Indikator Eksploitasi Pekerja oleh International Labor Organization (ILO). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dan kritik Marxis untuk menganalisis isu sosial yaitu eksploitasi kelas di dalam novel. Data penelitian ini adalah kata, frasa, kalimat dan paragraf yang menunjukkan kelas sosial dan eksploitasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan dua kelas sosial, yaitu borjuis dan proletar. Borjuis adalah Serena, Pemberton, Buchanan dan Wilkie, yaitu pemilik dari bisnis kayu, sedangkan proletar adalah para pekerja yang hidupnya hanya bergantung pada pekerjaan yang diberikan oleh borjuis. Sementara itu. ada empat bentuk eksploitasi pekerja. Pertama adalah hari dan waktu kerja yang berlebihan, seperti bekerja dengan selama sebelas jam per hari dan limas belas menit istirahat. Kedua adalah gaji rendah, seperti pekerja murah dan gaji yang tidak sesuai. Ketiga adalah kondisi tempat tinggal yang buruk, seperti kondisi tempat tinggal yang terbatas dan tidak nyaman, ditempatkan di sebuah mobil kotak dari kayu yang murah dan compang-camping. Dan keempat adalah kerja yang penuh resiko, seperti tidak ada peralatan keamanan, alat kerja manual dan berbahaya, dipaksa untuk berkerja di lahan berlumpur dan melawan cuaca dingin yang ekstrim. 
REJECTIVE BEHAVIORS TOWARD AFRICAN-AMERICAN SLAVES IN COLSON WHITEHEAD’S THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD NOVEL Husnul Khatimah; Surya Sili; Fatimah Muhajir
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni dan Budaya Vol 4, No 3 (2020): Juli 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v4i3.3099

Abstract

This study aimed to identify types of rejective behavior that depicted in Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad and analyzed how the African-American slaves react toward these rejective behaviors. To conduct this research, the researcher used qualitative method, content analysis approach and multicultural criticism. The data source of this research was The Underground Railroad novel written by Colson Whitehead. The data were taken in the forms of words, sentences, clauses, phrases and narration that related to act of rejective behaviour experienced by African-American slaves and their reaction toward this rejective behaviour that suitable with Allport’s rejective behaviour theory and responses to rejective behavior theory. As analyzed, the results showed that all types of rejective behaviors were depicted in the novel. First, verbal rejection where in the action there were an indication of verbally insult like name calling, making fun of cultural makers and joking about physical attribute. Second, discrimination where in the action there were an indication of segregation and unfairly treatment between whites and blacks. Last, physical attack where in the action there were the indications of violence acts. Furthermore, the result also showed how African-American slaves react to these rejective behaviors that they experienced.
CLASS EXPLOITATION IN RON RASH’S SERENA NOVEL: A MARXIST CRITICISM Richi Paglinawan; Surya Sili; Fatimah Muhajir
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni dan Budaya Vol 5, No 3 (2021): Juli 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v5i3.4220

Abstract

This research has examined the marxist feminist and patriarchy as the types and form of female issues based on research questions. By using qualitative method, this research uses qualitative research managed to find the issues that occur in this film about how capitalists and patriarchy create the issues toward women. This research tries to identify the types of woman issues contained in the film Suffragette. This film is directed by Sara Gavron. The Suffragette film was inspired by the true story of a group of women activists led by Emmeline Pankhurst, in fighting for women's rights to political and economic participation. Suffragette tells the story using the perspective of the character of Maud Watts, a laundry service worker who joined Pankhurst in raising the issue of women's rights to vote before Parliament; which allowed mainly for upper class men. This research shows the imbalance of political opportunity between the upper class and lower class the dominance of masculinity over female workers. The values of Marxist Feminism were seen through scenes when the character of Maud Watts  testifies before the court and in the Horse Race scene in which the Suffragette groups protest. The court scene shows opposition from women's labor groups, representing women to fight for equality between men and women.
DECONSTRUCTION PERSPECTIVE TOWARD THE CHARACTERS IN GILMAN’S THE YELLOW WALLPAPER SHORT STORY Imas Romlah; Singgih Daru Kuncara; Fatimah Muhajir
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni dan Budaya Vol 3, No 2 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (217.496 KB) | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v3i2.1787

Abstract

This research concerned on the deconstruction of characters in Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper short story in which the aim was to describe deconstruction toward the characters of the story. The method in this research was qualitative. Then for the data in this research were quotations such as words, texts, or narrations that were obtained from The Yellow Wallpaper short story. Furthermore, for the analysis, this research was focused to analyze the story by using Derrida’s deconstruction theory. In this research, the researcher analyzed three characters through binary oppositions in which arising the opposite views of the previously fixed views. The findings showed that there were ten characteristics of the narrator that were opposite each other, six from John and two from Jennie. From the fixed views, the narrator was considered as an isolated woman, inferior and weak woman, mad woman, even imaginative woman, however after they were deconstructed the narrator precisely was also proven as a free woman, superior woman, strong woman, normal woman, even realistic woman. Then John who was considered as a bad husband, superior and strong man, apparently after the characteristics were deconstructed he was also a very good husband, inferior man and weak man. Likewise, Jennie who was originally considered a good and perfect woman, apparently she could be considered as a bad woman. Penelitian ini berkonsentrasi pada dekonstruksi dari karakter-karakter yang ada didalam cerpen The Yellow Wallpaper-nya Gilman yang mana tujuannya adalah untuk menggambarkan dekonstruksi terhadap karakter-karakter dari cerita tersebut. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Kemudian, untuk data dalam penelitian ini adalah kutipan-kutipan seperti kata-kata, teks-teks, atau narasi-narasi yang diambil dari cerpen The Yellow Wallpaper. Selanjutnya, untuk analis, penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menganalisa cerita tersebut dengan menggunakan teori dekonstruksinya Derrida. Didalam penelitian ini, peneliti menganalisis tiga karakter melalui oposisi-oposisi biner yang mana memunculkan pandangan-pandangan yang sebaliknya dari pandangan yang sudah ditetapkan sebelumnya. Temuan-temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada sepuluh karakteristik dari narrator yang saling berkontradiksi, enam dari John, dan dua dari Jennie. Berdasarkan pandangan-pandangan yang sudah ditetapkan, narrator dianggap sebagai seorang perempuan yang terkekang dan terpenjara, inferior dan lemah, perempuan gila, bahkan perempuan pengimajinasi, namun setelah mereka semua didekonstruksi ternyata narrator juga justru terbukti sebagai seorang perempuan yang bebas, superior dan kuat, perempuan normal, bahkan perempuan yang realistis. Kemudian John yang dianggap sebagai seorang suami yang jahat, superior dan kuat, ternyata setelah didekonstruksi dia juga terbukti sebagai seorang suami yang baik, inferior dan lemah. Begitupun juga, Jennie yang mana sebelumnya dianggap sebagai seorang perempuan yang baik dan sempurna, ternyata setelah didekonstruksi dia bisa menjadi dianggap sebagai seorang perempuan yang jahat.
Character Development of the Main Character in Edgar Allan Poe’s Selected Short Stories Yeni Ermina; Muhammad Natsir; Fatimah Muhajir
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Vol 7, No 2 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v7i2.8904

Abstract

In literary works, characters undergo significant changes in their life. Some aspects influenced the changes personality of the characters. One of the literary works that showed this situation is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. The researcher analyzed the main character of each short story from Edgar Allan Poe. They are The Black Cat, The Tell-Tale Heart, and William Wilson. This research aimed to find the characterization and personality development of the main character in Poe’s selected short stories. Hence, the researcher used Kenan’s characterization theory and Hurlock’s personality development. This research used qualitative research design and content analysis study as an approach. The researcher found the characteristics of the main character: sensitive, impulsive, uncontrollable behavior, easily tempered, insane, anxious and stubborn. Those are presented through indirect characterizations: action, external appearance, and environment. From the characterization, the main character in Poe’s selected short stories changed from good to bad, affecting character changes. In the first short story, The Black Cat, the personality development happened because the character “I” was influenced by alcohol. In the second short story, The Tell-Tale Heart, the personality development happened because the “I” character got irritated by the old man’s eye. In the third short story William Wilson, the personality development happened because William was influenced by his environment, which is a significant influence as he got ignored by his family. 
The Mumbai Terrorist Attacks in Hotel Mumbai Film: A New Historicism Study Rattania Dwi Hutami; Fatimah Muhajir; Jonathan Irene Sartika Dewi Max
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Vol 7, No 2 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v7i2.7588

Abstract

This study attempts to analyze the portrayal of the Mumbai attacks and the contradiction points in the Hotel Mumbai film. This film is made based on the true events of the Mumbai terrorist attacks in 2008. Related to these huge events, there are a lot of historical books that have covered the Mumbai terrorist attacks. The study aims to find the contradictive representation of the film based on the official history. This research was conducted by using a descriptive method and qualitative approach. In this research, the researcher took data from conversations of characters and the framing of mise-en-scene in the film. This study is conducted by applying a new historicism approach and intrinsic elements of literature, the researcher compares the official history and the film. Through the new historicism approach, the researcher discovers that the Hotel Mumbai film places a lot of differences. First, there is a difference regarding the characters positioning, Arjun’s character in the film is the amalgam of the real story of Karambir Kang and Amit Pashave. Second, there is a difference in the narrative structure of Zahra – Seyfi & Meltem in which Zahra’s character was not killed because she said two sentences of creed. While, as what is told in the historical record, there was a Turkish couple named Seyfi and Maltem Muezzinoglu who were held as hostages and witnessed the murder of another hostage but they were not killed by the terrorist because they prayed in Arabic loudly. Third, there is a very clear difference between the setting of place and time. The report Mumbai terrorist attacks in history happened in six places and lasted for four days, meanwhile, the portrayal in the film happened in three places and lasted for a day. Lastly, this film has picked up the narrative elements to show what has not been known by the public only by reading the official version of history. The goal is to show that a historical-based film can be aimed to gain equal representation of historical narratives from a different point of view.
The Struggle for Equality of Social Class Portrayed in Solomon Northup's "12 Years a Slave": A Marxist Analysis Nur Hajjah; Mardliya Pratiwi Z; Fatimah Muhajir
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 7, No 4 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v7i4.8424

Abstract

AbstractThis Thesis discussed the relationship between two social classes, and also discussed the class struggle. As seen in the theory that complements this research, that is theory of Marxism. In the theory of Marxism, it is explained that the relationship of social class between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat is mutually hostile and contradicts each other, and from that conflicted it is seen how the struggle is carried out by an oppressed class. This research aims to determine clearly what relationship that existed between the two social classes, and what struggles the lower classes are doing in gaining equality. Based on this, the researcher decided to analyze the novel 12 Years a Slave by Solomon Northup, and make it the object of thisresearch. Qualitative descriptive method to fulfill the purpose of this research, and thedata in this research used a word, phrase, clause, and sentence taken from the novel 12 Years a Slave. The results showed a conflicting relationship between blacks and whites, in which whites always oppressed blacks. It is from these oppressions that clearly showed the relationship that exists between two classes and a visible struggle of blacks for equality for them. One of them was the struggled of Northup who comes from black people who fought hard to defend himself when he gets bad treatment from his white employer. White people felt they have the right to do that, because they had a higher economic position in the novel. Then, at the end of the story Northup has managed to get justice for him for what he fought for 12 years he hadbeen trapped in the shackles of slavery.Key words: Marxism, Social Class, Bourgeois, Proletariat, Class Struggle. AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas tentang hubungan antara dua kelas sosial, dan juga membahas tentang suatu perjuangan kelas. Seperti yang terlihat dalam teori yang menjadi pelengkap penelitian ini yaitu teori Marxisme. Dalam teori Marxisme dijelaskan bahwa hubungan kelas sosial antara kelas borjuis dan kelas proletariat itu saling bermusuhan dan bertentangan satu sama lain, dan dari pertentangan tersebutlah terlihat bagaimana perjuangan yang dilakukan oleh suatu kelas yang tertindas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dengan jelas hubungan apa yang terjalin antara kedua kelas sosial tersebut, dan apa saja perjuangan yang dilakukan kaum kelas bawah dalam mendapatkan suatu kesetaraan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut peneliti memutuskan untuk menganalisis novel 12 Years a Slave karya Solomon Norhtup, dan menjadikannya sebagai objek penelitian. Metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk memenuhi tujuan penelitian ini. Data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan suatu kata, frasa, klausa, dan kalimat yang diambil dari novel 12 Years a Slave. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suatu hubungan yang saling bertentangan antara kaum kulit hitam dengan kaum kulit putih, yang dimana kaum kulit putih selalu menindas kaum kulit hitam. Dari penindasan-penindasan tesebutlah yang menunjukkan dengan jelas suatu hubungan yang terjalin antara kedua kelas tersebut dan suatu perjuangan dari kaum kulit hitamterlihat demi mendapatkan kesetaraan baginya. Salah satunya perjuangan dari Northupyang berasal dari kaum kulit hitam ia membela dirinya saat dia mendapatkan perlakuan yang tidak baik dari majikannya, kaum kulit putih merasa berhak melakukan hal tersebut karena mereka memiliki kedudukan ekonomi yang lebih tinggi dalam novel.Kemudian, pada akhir cerita Northup telah berhasil mendapatkan keadilan untuknya atas apa yang diperjuangkannya selama 12 tahun lamanya dia telah terjebak dalam beleggu perbudakan.Kata Kunci: Marxisme, Kelas Sosial, Borjuis, Proletar, Perjuangan Kelas.
Radical Feminism of Natalie Artemis' Character in Monster Hunter Film F. Sandro Asshary; Fatimah Muhajir; Ririn Setyowati
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 7, No 4 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v7i4.8431

Abstract

Feminism issues are often radically depicted in literary works, especially in a film today. Filmmakers emphasize these issues to raise women’s awareness about the oppression that might happen to them. This radical movement happens because they try to create an idealistic society for women. From this premise, radical feminism was born because the previous movement could not undo the women’s oppression as time goes throughout the decades. Adjusting to the patriarchal system, women are often portrayed as unique and unusual to be treated as equal to men. This study aims to analyze the radical feminism of Natalie Artemis’ character in Monster Hunter film using Tong’s radical feminism and Petrie and Boggs’ characterization theories. This research used Uwe’s qualitative descriptive method and Mikos’ film analysis theory. The researcher confirms that Natalie Artemis’ character is portrayed as a radical feminist through radical libertarians and radical cultural feminists’ ideas in the Monster Hunter film. These ideas are portrayed through Natalie Artemis’ androgynous appearance and gender portrayal.
Racial Discrimination toward the Black in Stephen Hopkins's Race (2016) Film Yuliyana, Yuliyana; Muhajir, Fatimah; Alamsyah, Alamsyah
Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya Vol 8, No 2 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jbssb.v8i2.14737

Abstract

ABSTRACT Racial discrimination is a social problem that occurred from a long time until today. It can be any negative act such as exclusion, distinction, limitation, or preference for other people on the basis of race, ethnicity, or skin color. Some racial discrimination that happened in our real life is also seen in film as a reflection of real life. There are many films that raise the racial discrimination theme, one of them is Race film by Stephen Hopkins. This research aims to analyze the Racial discrimination specifically types of racial discrimination used Fred L.Pincus theory, and negative impacts of racial discrimination used Settle theory. This research was conducted by using qualitative method. In this research, the researcher took data from script and scene in the film. The results of the research show that there are nine data indicated as types of racial discrimination and five data indicated as the negative impact of racial discrimination against black people in the Race film. In this research, there are three types of racial discrimination that are portrayed in the Race film namely, individual discrimination, institutional discrimination, and structural discrimination. There are three types of negative impacts of racial discrimination toward the blacks namely, health problem, wellbeing problem, and influence emotional reaction. Keywords: film, impacts of racial discrimination, racial discrimination
Co-Authors Alamsyah - Anisa Amalia Anjar Dwi Astuti, Anjar Dwi Anjeliani Azzahra, Karina Annisa Bayu Aji Nugroho, Bayu Aji Chris Asanti Chris Asanti, Chris F. Sandro Asshary Fajriati, Dwi Nor Fitriana, Tyas Fransisca, Candra Hafiezd, Rizki Chaidier Hafiz Naufal Anshoor Husnul Khatimah Husnul Khatimah Imas Romlah Indah Sari Indrawan Dwisetya Suhendi, Indrawan Dwisetya Jonathan Irene Sartika Dewi Max Juliastuti Juliastuti M. Natsir Manalu Yerico Calvin Mardliya Pratiwi Z Merlin Octafiani Ruata Muhammad Natsir Muhammad Wildan Nur Hajjah Nurman, Muniralizah Putra, Aprilian Kurnia Putri, Yasmin Medina Anggia Rahayu, Famala Eka Sanhadi Rasyid, Muhammad Jaini Rattania Dwi Hutami Richi Paglinawan Ririn Setyowati Ruqoyyah, Ruqoyyah Rusmini Rusmini Santi Rahmawati Sari, Norma Atika Satyawati Surya, Satyawati Setya Ariani Sili, Surya Singgih Daru Kuncara Siregar, Rusnandar Sudirman, Eka Pratiwi Surya Sili Surya Sili Tantri, Agra Liz Theodorick Ardavid Manullang Wati, Nurhaliza Fajar Wilma Prafitri Yeni Ermina Yetty Yetty Yuliyana, Yuliyana Zamruddin, Mardliya Pratiwi