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Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT/U) berhubungan dengan daya ingat anak usia 5-6 tahun Eny Palupi; Ahmad Sulaeman; Angelika Ploeger
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 4 NOMOR 3, SEPTEMBER 2016
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Background: Lack of nutrient during the early-life might impair the brain development which is not able to be paid-off on later life. Objectives: To explore the potential relationship between a series of nutritional status (weight-for-age, height-for-age and BMI-for-age) and a series of brain development indicators (memory, learning, attention, IQ and EQ). Methods: Brain development indicators were assessed using Projective Multi-phase Orientation method. This study was conducted among 118 boys and 103 girls age 5-6 years old from 5 different rural and urban areas in Bogor, West-Java, Indonesia, between November 2012 to December 2013. Non-parametric test and Principal Component Analysis were applied for data analysis. Results: There was a positive relationship (p<0.05) between BMI and memory ability but failed to reveal any significant differences between the cognitive abilities assessed and two other child growth indicators (weight-for-age and height-for-age). A Mann-Whitney U test showed that children with BMI-for-age z score ≥ -3 (n=170) had significantly (p<0.05) better memory’s ability (50.49±11.92) compared to children with BMI-for-age z score < -3 (n=51) (46.65±11.13). Conclusions: BMI-for-age was potential as a predictor for brain development of children age 5-6 years old. Correlation between the balance proportion of weight and height and the optimal hippocampal development in early-life stage was suspected as the reason behind this evidence.Latar belakang: Kekurangan gizi pada masa awal kehidupan diprediksi mampu mempengaruhi perkembangan otak yang tidak mungkin untuk diperbaiki pada tahap perkembangan berikutnya.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi hubungan antara status gizi (BB/U, TB/, dan IMT/U) dengan beberapa indikator perkembangan otak (memory, learning, attention, intelligence quotient (IQ), dan emotional quotient (EQ)). Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional study yang melibatkan 118 anak laki-laki dan 103 anak perempuan berusia 5 sampai 6 tahun, yang berasal dari 5 daerah yang berbeda di Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, pada bulan November 2012 hingga Desember 2013. Status gizi diukur menggunakan metode pengukuran antropometri. Beberapa indikator perkembangan otak diukur menggunakan metode projective multi-phase orientation. Data survei dianalisa dengan uji non-parametrik (Mann withney U dan Kruskal Wallis) menggunakan SPSS 16.0 dan principal component analysis menggunakan Unscrambler 10.2. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara IMT/U dan daya ingat, akan tetapi tidak berhasil mengungkapkan hubungan antara beberapa indikator perkembangan otak yang dianalisa dengan parameter status gizi yang lain (BB/U dan TB/U). Uji Mann-Whitney U menunjukkan bahwa anak dengan nilai z skor IMT/U ≥ -3 (n=170) secara signifikan (p<0,05) memiliki daya ingat yang lebih baik (50,49±11,92) dibandingkan dengan anak yang nilai z skor IMT/U < -3 (n=51) (46,65±11,13).Kesimpulan: IMT/U berpotensi sebagai prediktor awal terhadap kualitas perkembangan otak pada anak usia 5 sampai 6 tahun. Hubungan antara proporsi keseimbangan tinggi dan berat badan terhadap perkembangan hippocampus diprediksi menjadi alasan dibalik penemuan ini.KATA KUNCI: anak usia 5-6 tahun, kemampuan kognitif, status gizi

Kawista biscuit increased body weight of under five children Metty Metty; Inayah Inayah
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 5, ISSUE 2, 2017
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

ABSTRACTBackground: Underweight in under five children was a nutritional problem that is often caused by inadequate food intake. Underweight could occur at 6-59 months or should had supplemental feeding and supplementary foods. Supplementary foods have contribute energy to the nutritional adequacy of under five childrenObjective: To know the effectiveness of kawista biscuits in increasing of bodyweight under five children in Gondokusuman II Primary Health Care.Methods: Subjects were underweight with the aged of 12-59 months, as much as 19 children. The study was conducted in the working area of Gondokusuman II Primary Health Center Yogyakarta City. This study was quasi experimental with purposive technique sampling. The effectiveness of biscuit kawista a was analysed by paired t-test.Result: Based on the results of effectiveness test of biscuit kawista for 2 weeks showed significant changes in body weight children (p = 0.000) as much as 0.29 kg.Conclusion: kawista biscuit was significantly increase the weight of under five children who suffer from malnutrition. KEYWORDS: kawista biscuit (limonia acidissima), underweight, gain weight

Perilaku sedentari sebagai faktor risiko kejadian obesitas pada anak sekolah dasar di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul Andi Imam Arundhana; Hamam Hadi; Madarina Julia
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 1, NOMOR 2, MEI 2013
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

ABSTRACTBackground: According to Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2010 the prevalence of obesity in Yogyakarta was 78% in 2010. Increasing prevalence of obesity in school children is mainly related to sedentary activities and decreasing medium-high physical activities.Objective: To ﬁ nd out whether sedentary behavior was risk factor for obesity in school children and identify the level of its contribution.Method: The study used case-control design. Population consisted of elementary school (either state or private) children of grade 1-5 at Yogyakarta and Bantul. The selection of school during screening phase was based on probability proportional to size (PPS) method. The choice of cases in children diagnosed obese during screening phase used simple random sampling supported with random table tool and matching of school. Based on sample basic calculation there were 488 samples consisting of 244 cases and 244 controls. Data of physical activities were obtained through modiﬁ ed questionnaire on children’s physical activities (CPAQ). Data were processed using software of Epidata v 3.1 and STATA v.11. Analysis used univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis with t-test, anova, and logistic regression. Result: Duration of sedentary behavior in obese students was longer than those not obese with average difference 49.81 minutes/day (p<0.01). The result of Chi-square analysis showed sedentary activities had signiﬁ cant correlation with the incidence of obesity with OR=6.93 (95%CI: 4.56-10.54). Based on types of sedentary activities, there was signiﬁ cant correlation for category of screen based and sitting around (p<0.05).Conclusion: Sedentary behavior was risk factor for the incidence of obesity in elementary school children. Average duration of sedentary activities of obese children was higher than those not obese. Based on residency, average duration of sedentary activities of obese children in urban area was higher than those living in rural area. KEYWORDS: physical activities, overweight, rural, urban, elementary school childrenABSTRAKLatar belakang: Berdasarkan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2010, prevalensi obesitas di Yogyakarta adalah 78% pada tahun 2010. Peningkatan prevalensi obesitas pada anak sekolah sangat berkaitan dengan aktivitas sedentari dan berkurangnya aktivitas ﬁ sik.Tujuan: Untuk Mengetahui apakah perilaku sedentari merupakan faktor risiko terhadap obesitas anak sekolah dan mengidentiﬁ kasi seberapa besar kontribusinya.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kasus kontrol. Populasi terdiri dari anak-anak sekolah dasar (baik negeri maupun swasta) kelas 1-5 di Yogyakarta dan Bantul. Pemilihan sekolah selama fase skrining berdasarkan metode probability proportional to size (PPS). Kasus adalah anak-anak yang didiagnosis obesitas pada saat fase skrining, menggunakan simple random sampling didukung dengan tabel random dan dilakukan matching pada sekolah tersebut. Berdasarkan perhitungan sampel, terdapat 488 sampel yang terdiri dari 244 kasus dan 244 kontrol. Data aktivitas ﬁsik diperoleh menggunakan formulir CPAQ. Data diproses menggunakan Epidata v 3.1 and STATA v.11. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah univariat, bivariat, and analisa multivariat dengan t-test, anova, dan logistic regression.Hasil: Durasi perilaku sedentari pada siswa obesitas lebih lama dibandingkan mereka yang tidak obesitas dengan ratarata perbedaan 49,81 menit/hari (p<0,01). Hasil analisis Chi-square menunjukkan perilaku sedentari memiliki hubungan yang signiﬁkan dengan kejadian obesitas dengan OR=6.93 (95%CI: 4,56-10,54). Berdasarkan jenis perilaku sedentari, terdapat hubungan yang signiﬁkan untuk kategori screen based dan duduk-duduk (p <0,05).Kesimpulan:Perilaku sedentari merupakan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian obesitas pada anak-anak sekolah dasar. Rata-rata durasi perilaku sedentari pada anak yang obes lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak yang tidak obes. Berdasarkan tempat tinggal, rata-rata durasi perilaku sedentari pada anak obes di kota lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang di desa.KATA KUNCI: aktivitas ﬁ sik, overweight, desa, kota, anak SD

Kebiasaan jajan dan pola makan serta hubungannya dengan status gizi anak usia sekolah di SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta Kurnia Noviani; Effatul Afifah; Dewi Astiti
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 4, NOMOR 2, MEI 2016
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

ABSTRACTBackground: Elementary school children are in the developmental age, thus need nutritions with good and proper quality and quantity. Nutrient needs can be fulfilled through eating habits. Snacking habit can also contribute to nutritional status in children if the snack consumed has good quality in term of the typeand quantity.Objectives: To understand the relationship between snacking habit and diet with nutritional status of elementary school children in SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta.Methods: This study was an observational research with cross sectional approach. This study population was all students in SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta grades III, IV, V, that were 160 respondents. The sample used in this study was 65 people selected by using simple random sampling. The process ofselecting a random sample was based on the random number table. The research instruments used were questionnaires, form of 24 -hour food recall for 1 day, bathroom scales, and microtoise. The collected data was analyzed by using a statistical test chi-square.Results: Respondents who had frequent snacking habit with a normal nutritional status was 27 respondents (81%), whereas those who had less frequent snacking habit with wasting nutritional status was 7 respondents (21.9%). Respondents with a good diet (>80% RDA) with wasting nutritional status was 9 respondents (75%) and respondents who had bad diet with normal nutritional status was 34 respondents (66%). Chi-Square analysis in the relationship between snacking habit and nutritional status obtained 0.781 p value (p>0.05) which mean that there was no statistically significant of relationship between snacking habits and child’s nutritional status. Whereas Chi-Square analysis of diet and nutritional status showed a significant relationship with 0.008 p value (p<0.05) means that there was a relationship between diet and nutritional status.Conclusions: There was a relationship between diet and nutritional status of elementary school children, but there was no relationship between snacking habits and nutritional status of them.KEYWORDS: snacking habit, diet, nutritional status, elementary school childrenABSTRAKLatar belakang: Anak usia sekolah dasar termasuk usia perkembangan sehingga membutuhkan nutrisi dengan kualitas maupun kuantitas yang baik dan benar. Kebutuhan gizi tersebut di antaranya dapat dipenuhi melalui kebiasaan makan. Pola jajan juga dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap status gizi anak apabila jenis jajan yang dikonsumsi berkualitas dari segi jenis dan kandungan gizinya.Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan jajan dan pola makan dengan status gizi di SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa dari kelas III, IV, V yang berjumlah 160 siswa di SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 65 yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Proses memilih sejumlah sampel secara random berdasarkan tabel bilangan random. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner, formulir food recall 24 jam selama 1 hari, timbangan injak, dan microtois. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji statistic chi-square.Hasil: Responden yang memiliki kebiasaan jajan sering dengan status gizi normal yaitu sebanyak 27 responden (81%), dan yang tidak sering jajan dengan status gizi kurus berjumlah 7 responden (21,9%). Responden dengan pola makan yang baik >80% AKG dengan status gizi kurus sebesar 9 responden (75%) dan responden yang memiliki pola makan tidak baik dengan status gizi normal sebesar 34 responden (66%). Hasil analisis chi-square hubungan kebiasaan jajan dengan status gizi diperoleh p 0,781 (p>0,05) yang berarti bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara kebiasaan jajan dengan status gizi. Hasil analisis Chi-Square hubungan pola makan dengan status gizi diperoleh p 0,008 (p<0,05) yang berarti bahwa ada hubungan antara pola makan dengan status gizi.Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan kebiasaan jajan dengan status gizi di SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta. Ada hubungan pola makan dengan status gizi di SD Sonosewu Bantul Yogyakarta.KATA KUNCI: kebiasaan jajan, pola makan, status gizi, anak sekolah dasar

Tepung okra (Albelmoschus esculantus) menurunkan rasio kadar LDL terhadap HDL tikus hiperkolesterolemia Ayu Febriyatna; Agatha Widiyawati
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 5, NOMOR 1, 2017
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

ABSTRACTBackgounds: Hypercholesterolemia is one cause of heart disease with high levels of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Okra (Albelmoschus esculantus) flour contain high fibers and more bioactive compound such as flavonoids. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of okra flour against the Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level in Hypercholesterolemic rats. Methods: Design of the study was experimental design with pre-and posttest control goup. Male white rats (rattus norvegicus) aged 8-10 weeks with body weight of 150-200 g were used, then divided into 4 goups of 8 rats. Rats made Hypercholesterolemia used Haight Fat Diet (HFD) feed at a doses 4mg/100 g body weight for 14 days. After that, Hypercholesterolemic rats were provided by standard diet rats given standart feed and okra flour with different doses it was goups positive control (KP) not given flour okra, okra flour doses 0.09 g/200 g bofy weight (P1), okra flour doses 0.18 g/200 g body weight (P2), and okra flour doses 0.36 g/200 g body weight (P3). The data was analyzed using One Way ANOVA dan paired t-test.Results: Rats in all goup did not experience changes in body weight significantly. Concentration of HDL cholesterol increased significantly in P3 goups with doses okra flour 0.36 g/200 g body weight compared withe the other goups. P3 goups attenuated the concentration of LDL cholesterol. Conclusions: the administration okra flour (albelmoschus esculantus) at doses 0.36 g/200 g body weight improved HDL cholesterol and decreased LDL cholesterol concentration in Hypercholesterolemic rats model . KEYWORDS: Hypercholesterolemic High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Okra Flour. ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Hiperkolesterolemia adalah salah satu penyebab penyakit jantung yang ditandai dengan kadar kolesterol Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) yang tinggi dan kadar kolesterol High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) yang rendah. Okra (Albelmoschus esculantus) dalam bentuk tepung mengandung serat yang tinggi dan kandungan bioaktif seperti flavonoid. Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas tepung okra terhadap perubahan kadar kolesterol HDL dan LDL pada tikus putih model hiperkolesterolemia. Metode: Desain penelitian ini yaitu true experimental dengan Kelompok Kontrol (Pretest-Posttest with Control Goup). Tikus putih jantan (Rattus novergicus) yang berumur 8-10 minggu dengan bobot antara 150-200 g dibagi kedalam 4 kelompok. Tikus dibuat hiperkolesterolemia menggunakan pakan HFD dengan dosis 4 mg/100 g BB tikus perhari selama 14 hari. Selanjutnya, tikus hiperkolesterolemia diberi pakan pakan standart dan tepung okra dengan dosis yang berbeda yaitu kelompok KP (Kontrol Positif) hanya diberi pakan standar, kelompok P1 (tepung okra dosis 0,09 g/200 g BB tikus perhari), kelompok P2 (tepung okra dosis 0.18 g/200 g BB tikus perhari), dan kelompok P3 (tepung okra dosis 0,36 g/200 g BB tikus perhari) selama 10 hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan One Way ANOVA dan paired t-test. Hasil: Tikus percobaan pada semua kelompok tidak terjadi perubahan berat badan yang signifikan. Kadar kolesterol HDL mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan pada kelompok P3 dengan dosis tepung okra 0.36 g/200 g dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang lainnya. Kelompok P3 juga mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL.Kesimpulan: tepung okra (albelmoschus esculantus) pada dosis 0.36 g/200 g BB tikus/hari selama 10 hari secara bermakna berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kadar kolesterol HDL dan penurunan kadar kolesterol LDL tikus model hiperkolesterolemia KATA KUNCI: Hiperkolestrolemia, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), tepung okra

Perilaku sadar gizi dan ketahanan pangan keluarga serta hubungannya dengan status gizi balita di Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Kalimantan Selatan Rahmadi .; Toto Sudargo; Agus Wijanarka
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 1, NOMOR 1, JANUARI 2013
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Background: Act No. 25/2000 about National Development Program and Vision Healthy Indonesia 2010 speciﬁ ed that 80% of Indonesian families become nutrition aware families. The result of survey on nutrition aware families in indicated that in 2006 as much as 52.7% and in 2007 as much as 27.2% of families were not yet nutrition aware. The result of nutritional status monitoring of underﬁ ves (Z-score) showed undernourishment increased from 5.1% in 2004 to 10.1% in 2005.Objective: To analyze association between nutrition aware behavior and food security of the family and nutrition status of underﬁ ves at District of Tanah Laut, Province of Kalimantan Selatan.Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. The dependentvariable was nutritional status of underﬁ ves (z-score for weight/length); the independent variables were nutrition aware behavior and food security of the family; and the confounding variables were characteristics of the family (parents’ education, number of the family members, knowledge of mothers about nutrition and family income). Subject consisted of underﬁ ves of 6–24 months with as many as 198 underﬁ ves. Data analysis used chi square and double logistic regression (multiple logistic regression) and qualitative analysis with indepth interview for families that were not yet nutrition aware.Result: There were 145 families (73.2%) that were nutrition aware and 53 (26.8%) that were not yet nutrition aware; based on energy consumption 51.1% of families had enough food and 48.9% were undernourished; based on protein consumption 52.5% of families had enough food and 47.5% were undernourished; and children with good nutrition status were 72.6% for boys and 72.8% or girls. There was signiﬁ cant association between nutrition aware behavior and nutrition status of underﬁ ves (p=0.010). The result of logistic regression test showed that there was signiﬁ cant association between the number of family members and food security of the family (p<0.05) with OR=5.516 (95%CI=2.584–11.775). There was signiﬁ cant association between knowledge of mothers about nutrition and food security of the family (p<0.05) with OR=0.486 (95%CI=0.25–0.914).Conclusion: There was no association between nutrition aware behavior and food security of the family based on level of energy and protein consumption. There was signiﬁ cant association (p<0.05) between number of family members and food security of the family based on level of energy and protein consumption. There was signiﬁ cant association between knowledge of mothers about nutrition and food security of the family based on energy consumption. There was no association between parents’ education and family income based on level of energy and protein consumption. There was signiﬁ cant association between nutrition aware behavior of the family and nutrition status of underﬁ ves; however there was no association between food security of the family and nutrition status of underﬁ ves.KEYWORDS: nutrition aware, family characteristics, food security, nutritional status of underﬁ vesABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Undang-undang nomor 25 tahun 2000 tentang Program Pembangunan Nasional dan Visi Indonesia Sehat 2010 menetapkan 80% keluarga menjadi keluarga sadar gizi (kadarzi). Hasil data survei kadarzi pada tahun 2006 dan 2007 didapatkan keluarga yang belum kadarzi 52,7% dan 27,2%. Hasil pemantauan status gizi balita (z-ScoreBB/U) didapatkan status gizi kurang menunjukkan adanya peningkatan, yaitu tahun 2004 sebesar (5,1%), tahun 2005 (9,8%)dan tahun 2006 (10,1%) Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara perilaku sadar gizi dan ketahanan pangan keluarga dengan status gizi balita di Kabupaten Tanah Laut Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Variabel terikat: status gizi balita (z-score BB/TB) dan variabel bebas: perilaku sadar gizi, ketahanan pangan keluarga serta variabel pengganggu: pendidikan orang tua, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pendapatan keluarga. Subjek penelitian balita usia 6-24 bulan, jumlah 198 balita. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda (multiple logistic regression) dan didukung analisis kualitatitf dengan indepth interview bagi keluarga belum kadarzi.Hasil: Keluarga sudah kadarzi 145 (73,2%) dan belum kadarzi 53 (26,8%). Indikator kadarzi tentang dukungan keluarga memberikan ASI eksklusif 0-6 bulan paling banyak tidak dilaksanakan. Alasannya adalah setelah melahirkan ASI tidak keluar, susu ibu bengkak dan mengeluarkan darah, hamil lagi, dan alasan pekerjaan. Semua keluarga menggunakan garam beryodium dalam memasak makanan. Keluarga tahan pangan dan tidak tahan pangan berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi masing-masing sebesar 47,5% dan 52,5%, keluarga yang tahan pangan dan tidak tahan pangan berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi protein masing-masing sebesar 52,5% dan 47,5% dan status gizi balita hasil z-score BB/TB didapatkan balita gizi baik 72,7% dan gizi kurang 27,3%. Perilaku sadar gizi berhubungan signiﬁ kan dengan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi (p<0,05). Perilaku sadar gizi dan ketahanan pangan keluargaberdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi dan protein tidak berhubungan signiﬁ kan dengan status gizi balita (p>0,05).Kesimpulan: Perilaku sadar gizi, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pendapatan per kapita berhubungan signiﬁkan dengan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi, sedangan pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pendapatan per kapita berhubungan signiﬁ kan dengan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi protein. Perilaku sadar gizi keluarga dan ketahanan pangan keluarga berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi energi dan protein tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi balita (z-score BB/TB).KATA KUNCI: keluarga sadar gizi, karakteritik keluarga, ketahanan pangan, status gizi balita

Perubahan asupan zat gizi tidak berpengaruh terhadap lama rawat inap pada pasien dewasa di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Nurmala Nurmala; Susetyowati Susetyowati; R. Dwi Budiningsari
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 2, NOMOR 1, JANUARI 2014
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

ABSTRACTBackground: Adequate nutrient intake for in patients is much required in efforts to prevent declining nutrition status during hospitalization. Malnutrition may occur before hospitalization due to the disease or inadequate nutrient intake; however malnutrition may also occur during hospitalization. The result of a preliminary study shows that 75% of patients undergo declining nutrition status during hospitalization. Nutrition is an integral part of medication or recovery process and shortens length of stay.Objectives: To identify effect of changes in nutrient intake to nutrition status and length of stay of adult in patients.Methods: The study was observational with prospective cohort approach using subject that got inadequate intake (<80%) in the beginning of hospitalization as exposed group and those that got adequate intake (≥80%) in the beginning of hospitalization as non exposed group. Assessment of inpatients was made after three days in hospital and then comparison was made to average intake prior to discharge.Results: Changes in intake and nutritional status did not significantly (p>0.05) affect length of stay of adult inpatients at internal medicine and neurology wards of Dr.Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. Nutrition therapy significantly (p=0.04) affected change in nutritional status of in patients with RR=2.24.Conclusions: Changes in intake and nutritional status did not affect length of stay. Nutrition therapy affected as much as 2.24 times to changes in nutritional status of adult inpatients at internal medicine and neurology wards of Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta.KEYWORDS: length of stay, nutritional status, nutrient intake, nutrition therapyABSTRAKLatar belakang: Asupan zat gizi yang cukup bagi pasien sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah penurunan status gizi selama dirawat di rumah sakit. Malnutrisi juga dapat terjadi sejak sebelum masuk rumah sakit karena penyakit yang diderita maupun asupan zat gizi yang tidak adekuat, namun malnutrisi juga dapat terjadi setelah dirawat di rumah sakit. Hasil studi pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa 75% pasien mengalami penurunan status gizi selama dirawat di rumah sakit. Terapi gizi merupakan bagian penting dari proses pengobatan dan pemulihan serta dapat mempersingkat lama rawat inap.Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi efek perubahan asupan zat gizi terhadap status gizi dan lama rawat inap pada pasien dewasa.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain kohort prospektif. Subjek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang memiliki asupan zat gizi tidak adekuat (<80%) pada awal masa rawat inap di rumah sakit sebagai kelompok terpapar dan kelompok yang memiliki asupan zat gizi adekuat (≥80%) pada awal masa rawat inap di rumah sakit sebagai kelompok tidak terpapar. Pengukuran asupan makan dilakukan setelah pasien tiga hari dirawat di rumah sakit untuk selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan rata–rata pengukuran asupan pasien sebelum pulang.Hasil: Perubahan pada asupan dan status gizi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap lama rawat inap pasien dewasa di bangsal penyakit dalam dan saraf RSUP Dr.Sardjito. Terapi gizi secara signifikan mempengaruhi perubahan status gizi pasien dengan RR = 2,24.Kesimpulan: Perubahan pada asupan dan status gizi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap lama rawat inap. Terapi gizi yang diberikan dapat memiliki pengaruh sebesar 2,24 kali untuk mengubah status gizi pasien.KATA KUNCI: lama rawat inap, status gizi, asupan zat gizi, terapi gizi

Praktik pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) bukan faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan Hildagardis M.E Nai; I Made Alit Gunawan; Esti Nurwanti
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 2, NOMOR 3, SEPTEMBER 2014
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

ABSTRACTBackground: Stunting reflects a process of failure to reach linear growth potential as a result of suboptimal health or nutrition conditions. One of causal factors of stunting is inadequate of quality and quantity of complementary foods.Objectives: To identify complementary feeding practices such as introduction age of complementary foods, dietary diversity, and meal frequency as risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Sedayu Subdistrict, Bantul, Yogyakarta.Methods: Study design was case-control with ratio (1:1). The study used both quantitative methods as well as case control design and qualitative through interview. Cases were children aged 6-23 months who had length for age z-score <-2SD. Controls were children aged 6-23 months who had length for age z-score ≥-2SD who live adjacent to the case. Data were analyzed by using univariable (descriptive), bivariable (chi-square test), and multivariable analysis (multiple logistic regression).Results: The result of bivariate analysis showed that introduction age of complementary foods (OR=1.07), dietary diversity (OR=1.17), and meal frequency (OR=1.69) were not risk factors of stunting. However, compared with high dietary diversity score, low dietary diversity score (≤2, 3, 4 food groups) associated with increased odds of being stunted among children aged 6-23 months (OR=2.24, 95% CI:1.00-5.01, OR=1.82, 95% CI:0.96-3.45, OR=1.66, 95% CI:0.81-3.46 respectively). The result of multivariate analysis showed that mother’s height (OR=1.86) and story of low birth weight (OR=3.23) were risk factors of stunting.Conclusions: Complementary feeding practices such as age introduction of complementary foods, dietary diversity, and meal frequency were not risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-23 months. Mother’s height and story of low birth weight were risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-23 months.KEYWORDS: stunting, nutritional intake, nutritional status, complementary foods ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Stunting merefleksikan kegagalan proses mencapai potensi pertumbuhan linear sebagai akibat dari kondisi kesehatan dan gizi yang tidak optimal. Salah satu penyebab kejadian stunting adalah kuantitas dan kualitas MP-ASI yang rendah.Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi risiko praktik pemberian MP-ASI seperti usia pengenalan MP-ASI, keragaman MP-ASI, dan frekuensi MP-ASI dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Kecamatan Sedayu, Bantul, Yogyakarta.Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah kasus-kontrol dengan perbandingan 1:1 dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif-kualitatif model concurrent embedded. Kasus adalah anak usia 6-23 bulan yang memiliki skor-z PB/U <-2SD. Kontrol adalah anak usia 6-23 bulan yang memiliki skor-z PB/U ≥-2SD yang tinggal berdekatan dengan kelompok kasus. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat (deskriptif), bivariat (uji chi-square) dan multivariat (uji regresi logistik berganda).Hasil: Analisis bivariat menunjukkan usia pengenalan MP-ASI (OR=1,07), keragaman MP-ASI (OR=1,17), dan frekuensi pemberian MP-ASI (OR=1,69) bukan faktor risiko kejadian stunting (p>0,05). Skor keragaman MP-ASI yang lebih rendah (kelompok makanan ≤2, 3, 4) berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko kejadian stunting berturut-turut OR=2,24, 95% CI:1,00-5,01; OR=1,82, 95% CI:0,96-3,45; OR=1,66, 95% CI:0,81-3,46. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor risiko kejadian stunting adalah tinggi badan ibu (OR=1,86) dan riwayat berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) (OR=3,23,).Kesimpulan: Praktik pemberian MP-ASI seperti usia pengenalan, keragaman, dan frekuensi pemberian MP-ASI bukan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan. Faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan yang bermakna adalah tinggi badan ibu dan riwayat BBLR.KATA KUNCI: stunting, asupan makan, status gizi, MP-ASI

Konsumsi unhealthy food sebagai faktor risiko obesitas pada balita di Puskesmas Jetis, Kota Yogyakarta Yenni Eka Setiyaningsih; Esti Nurwanti; Arantika Meidya Pratiwi
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 3, NOMOR 3, SEPTEMBER 2015
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

ABSTRACTBackground: The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from year to year in both developed and developing countries. Obesity that occurs in infants can be caused by over eating or today’s lifestyle that tends to consume fast food or unhealthy food. Objectives: To determine whether unhealthy food consumption was the risk factor of obesity in children at Jetis Health Centre, Yogyakarta.Methods: This study is a case-control study. The population consisted of children aged 24-59 months in the region of Jetis Health Centre, Yogyakarta. There were 51 obese children and 51 non-obese children in Jetis in 2015. The cases were children aged 24-59 months diagnosed obese (z-score weight/height ≥3SD), while controls were children aged 24-59 months with z-score <3SD. The samples were obtained using a simple random sampling technique. Chi-square were used to determine unhealthy food consumption as a risk factor for obesity in children.Results: Toddlers consumed unhealty food > 32 times/week tended to obese 4.26 times higher than they who did not consume < 32 times/week (p=0.001, OR=4.26, 95% Cl: 1.26-10.3).Conclusions: Toddler who consumed unhealthy food > 32 times/week had the risk to obese 4.26 times higher than they who did not. KEYWORDS: unhealthy food, obesity, toddlerABSTRAKLatar belakang: Prevalensi kegemukan dan obesitas dari tahun ketahun meningkat baik di negara maju maupun berkembang. Obesitas yang terjadi pada balita dapat diakibatkan karena makan melebihi kebutuhan atau gaya hidup masa kini yang cenderung suka mengonsumsi makanan cepat saji atau unhealthy food. Tujuan: Mengetahui konsumsi unhealthy food sebagai faktor risiko obesitas pada balita di Puskesmas Jetis, Yogyakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kasus kontrol. Populasi terdiri dari balita berusia 24-59 bulan di wilayah Puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta sebanyak 702 balita dimana 62 balita obesitas dan 640 balita tidak obesitas. Jumlah sampel setelah dilakukan penghitungan jumlah sampel didapatkan 51 balita obesitas (z score ≥ 3 SD) dan 51 balita tidak obesitas (z score < 3 SD). Kasus adalah balita usia 24-59 bulan yang didiagnosa obesitas dengan z score BB/TB ≥3SD, kontrol adalah balita usia 24-59 bulan Z score <3SD. Penentuan sampel diperoleh menggunakan simple random sampling. Alat ukur dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner food frequency- questionnaire (FFQ) untuk menghitung konsumsi unhealthy food. Data status gizi balita diperoleh dari catatan status gizi balita di Puskesmas Jetis. Uji statistik menggunakan chi-square untuk menentukan hubungan konsumsi unhealthy food sebagai faktor risiko obesitas pada balita. Hasil: Balita yang mengonsumsi unhealthy food ≥32x/minggu cenderung memiliki risiko 4,26 kali lebih tinggi daripada balita yang mengonsumsi unhealthy food <32x/minggu (p=0,001, OR=4,26, 95% CI:1,26-10,3)Kesimpulan: Balita yang mengonsumsi unhealthy food ≥32x/minggu berisiko 4,26 kali lebih tinggi daripada balita yang mengonsumsi unhealthy food unhealthy food <32x/minggu. KATA KUNCI: unhealthy food, obesitas, balita

Kandungan bahan tambahan pangan berbahaya pada makanan jajanan anak sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Bantul Yhona Paratmanitya; Veriani Aprilia
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 4, NOMOR 1, JANUARI 2016
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

ABSTRACTBackground: The National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) showed that in 2012, consuming of food is the highest caused of poisoning incidence (66.7%) among others (drug, cosmetics, etc). One of factors influence it was chemical contamination in food, such as borax (sodium tetraborate), formaldehyde, and rhodamine-B. Based on this data, there were 2.93% of borax, 1.34% of formaldehyde, and 1.02% of rhodamine-B detected in the snack foods of elementary school children. Their accumulation may have negative impact on body health.Objectives: To know the content of food additive substances contamination (borax, formaldehyde, rhodamin-B) in the snack food of elementary school children in Bantul. Methods: This was an observational research with survey design. The research was done in 68 of elementary schools in District of Bantul. All suspected snack food samples inside and outside the school were analyzed for their chemical contaminations. Qualitative analysis of borax, formaldehyde, and rhodamin-B were done by using curcumin, KMnO4, and test kit methods, respectively. Results: There were 107 samples collected from 68 elementary schools in Bantul. The most sold sample suspecting of chemical contamination was meatball (22.4%). Among 98 analyzed samples, there were 15 (15.3%) and 25 (25.5%) samples that were proven to have borax and formaldehyde. Meanwhile, there were 7 (46.7%) samples of 15 samples were proven to have rhodamine-B. From the data, there were 34 elementary schools (50%) that have no harmful chemical contamination in their snack food.Conclusions: The percentage of snack food containing borax, formaldehyde, and rhodamine-B in elementary school in Bantul was still high enough.KEYWORDS: snack food, borax, formaldehyde, rhodamine-BABSTRAKLatar belakang: Data Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) menunjukkan bahwa sepanjang tahun 2012, insiden keracunan akibat mengkonsumsi makanan menduduki posisi paling tinggi, yaitu 66,7%, dibandingkan dengan keracunan akibat penyebab lain, misalnya obat, kosmetika, dan lain-lain. Salah satu penyebab keracunan makanan adalah adanya cemaran kimia dalam makanan tersebut, seperti boraks, formalin dan rhodamin-B. Dalam data tersebut, diketahui 2,93% sampel makanan jajanan pada anak sekolah mengandung boraks, 1,34% mengandung formalin, dan 1,02% mengandung rhodamin-B. Akumulasi bahan-bahan tersebut di dalam tubuh dapat berdampak negatif bagi kesehatan.Tujuan: Mengetahui persentase makanan jajanan anak sekolah dasar (SD) yang tercemar bahan tambahan pangan berbahaya (boraks, formalin, rhodamin-B) di Kabupaten Bantul. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan survei. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan melibatkan 68 SD di Kabupaten Bantul sebagai sampel. Seluruh makanan jajanan yang dijajakan baik di luar maupun di kantin sekolah dan diduga mengandung bahan kimia berbahaya diuji kandungan cemaran kimianya yaitu kandungan boraks, formalin dan rhodamin-B. Pengujian kualitatif kandungan boraks menggunakan kurkumin, formalin menggunakan KMnO4, dan rhodamin-B menggunakan test kit Rhodamin-B. Hasil: Terdapat 107 sampel makanan dari 68 SD yang diuji. Jenis makanan jajanan yang diduga mengandung bahan kimia berbahaya yang paling banyak dijajakan di SD adalah jenis bakso (bakso, bakso tusuk, bakso goreng) yaitu sejumlah 22,4% dari seluruh sampel jajanan. Di antara 98 sampel yang diuji kandungan boraks dan formalinnya, 15 sampel (15,3%) positif mengandung boraks dan 25 sampel (25,5%) positif mengandung formalin. Di antara 15 sampel yang diuji kandungan rhodamin-B-nya,7 sampel (46,7%) positif mengandung rhodamin-B. Terdapat 34 SD (50%) yang tidak terdapat jajanan yang tercemar bahan kimia berbahaya. Kesimpulan: Persentase makanan jajanan anak SD yang mengandung boraks, formalin dan rhodamin-B masih cukup tinggi.KATA KUNCI: makanan jajanan, boraks, formalin, rhodamin-B

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Journal Mail Official
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Kab. bantul,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA