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Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry
Published by Universitas Nusa Bangsa
ISSN : 20863446     EISSN : 2621508X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31938/jsn
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Jurnal Sains Natural is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication with the objectives to explore the knowledge about natural sciences. This journal incorporates not only all branches of chemistry and biology, but also sub-disciplines like Biochemistry, Polymer, Agricultural chemistry, Environmental chemistry, etc.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 258 Documents
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Reduction of COD, pH and Phosphate Levels in Laundry Wastewater Using Multi Soil Layering (MSL) Method Aster Rahayu; Maryudi Maryudi; Nuraini Nuraini; Nafira Alfi Zaini Amrillah; Irwan Mulyadi; Farah Fadillah Hanum
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v13i1.450

Abstract

The growth of laundry services is directly proportional to the use of detergent. Detergent is a cleaning product that contains high levels of COD and phosphate. One method that can be used to overcome this problem is Multi Soil Layering (MSL). This research focussed on the flow rate's effect on decreasing pH, COD, and phosphate levels in industrial laundry waste. MSL was installed using a mixture of andosol soil and activated charcoal from coconut shells. Laundry wastewater was let into MSL with flowrate: 10, 50, and 100 ml/minute. The waste degradation system is placed anaerobically by optimising the anaerobic process in the andosol soil. The pH, COD, and phosphate levels were achieved at 7, 90.9%, and 80.7% by draining the laundry industry waste into the MSL system. This MSL method has a residence time of 266 minutes for a flowrate of 100 mL/minute, 532 minutes for a flowrate of 50 mL/minute and 2660 for a flowrate of 10 mL/minute. Keywords:  MSL;  Phosphate;  COD;  Laundry Industry; Andosol soilABSTRAKPenurunan Kadar COD, pH dan Fosfat pada Air Limbah Laundry Menggunakan Metode Multi Soil Layering (MSL)Pertumbuhan jasa laundry berbanding lurus dengan penggunaan detergen. Detergen merupakan produk pembersih yang mengandung COD dan fosfat dalam kadar tinggi. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah Multi Soil Layering (MSL). Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengaruh laju alir terhadap penurunan pH, COD, dan kadar fosfat pada limbah laundry industri. MSL dipasang menggunakan campuran tanah andosol dan arang aktif dari tempurung kelapa. Air limbah laundry dimasukkan ke dalam MSL dengan debit aliran: 10, 50, dan 100 mL/menit. Sistem degradasi sampah ditempatkan secara anaerobik dengan mengoptimalkan proses anaerobik di tanah andosol. Kadar pH, COD, dan fosfat dicapai pada 7, 90,9%, dan 80,7% dengan mengalirkan limbah industri laundry ke dalam sistem MSL. Metode MSL ini memiliki waktu tinggal 266 menit untuk laju alir 100 mL/menit, 532 menit untuk laju alir 50 mL/menit dan 2660 untuk laju alir 10 mL/menit.Kata kunci: MSL; Fosfat; COD; Industri Laundry; Tanah Andosol
Blood Glucose Level and Pancreas Histological Section of Male Rabbits after Being Fed Commercial Feed Supplemented with Cod Liver Oil Ni Gusti Ayu Manik Ermayanti; Ida Bagus Made Suaskara; I Gusti Ayu Manik Widhyastini; Iriani Setyawati
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v13i1.441

Abstract

Fish oil contains eicosapentaenoic acid (E.P.A.) and docosahexaenoic acid (D.H.A.) which are beneficial for heart health, controlling blood glucose, reducing atherosclerosis, and lowering the risk of cancer. This study aims to determine the effect of commercial feed supplemented with cod liver oil on blood glucose levels and pancreatic histology of male rabbits. Twenty rabbits were divided into four groups, namely commercial feed supplemented with cod liver oil 3% (P1), 4.5% (P2), 6% (P3), and commercial feed without cod liver oil supplementation (control). Each group consisted of five rabbits, and the treatment was given for four weeks. The parameters observed were blood glucose levels in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th weeks and the histology of the male rabbits’ pancreas. Data were analyzed by Anova. The results showed that in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks there was no significant difference (P>0.05). In contrast, in the 4th  and 5th weeks, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the control and treatment of cod liver oil supplementation on blood glucose levels in male rabbits, and the observational results on the histology of rabbits showed normal pancreatic histology. In conclusion, cod liver oil supplementation on commercial feed controlled blood glucose levels, and there was no disturbance in the histological structure of the pancreas of male rabbits.Keywords: fatty acid, glucose, cod liver oil, pancreas, rabbit
Biodiversity of Mangrove Pool Ecosystem in PT Antam UBPP Logam Mulia Luluk Setyaningsih; Sofyan Iskandar; Budi Santoso; Marly Ancelina Pandin; Agus Kurniawan; Distiya Margasari; Oktaviani Andarista
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v13i1.464

Abstract

Planting Mangroves in the ponds of PT Antam Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia, Pulogadung, Jakarta, is one of the environmental management activities in the reforestation area as a form of social and environmental responsibility. The existence of mangrove plants in ponds which have reached the age of 2 years recently, could have an ecological impact. Field observations were made by measuring the type and density of flora in the pond by census, and the frequency of biological encounters based on time search for fauna. The results showed that there were 4 types of plants in the ponds, namely mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata), lotus (Nymphaea lotus), needle grass (Adropogon aciculatus), and Moss (Taxiphyllum barbieri). Identified as many as 11 species of fauna, 5 species of insects, 1 species of aves, 1 species of macro benthic, and 3 species of fish. The diversity index of flora and fauna in the ponds was still in the low category (H' < 1). The growth of R. mucronata type mangroves aged 2 years in ponds reached an average height of 47 cm with a diameter of 1.3 cm, with a total biomass of 36.77 kg and contributed to absorbing CO2 of 54.41 kg or 5.4 ton/ha. Biodiversity in the pond ecosystem of PT Antam Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia has the potential to continue to grow and contribute to carbon sequestration.Keywords: Pool; Mangroves; Biodiversity; Rhizophora mucronataABSTRAKKeanekargaman Hayati Ekosistem Kolam Mangrove Kawasan PT Antam Tbk. UPBB Logam MuliaPenanaman mangrove pada kolam PT Antam Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia di Pulogadung, merupakan salah satu kegiatan pengelolaan lingkungan di area penghijauan sebagai wujud tanggung jawab sosial dalam mendukung pelestarian lingkungan. Keberadaan tanaman mangrove pada kolam yang saat ini telah mencapai umur 2 tahun, diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak ekologis. Untuk mengetahui dampak tersebut dilakukan observasi lapangan dengan mengidentifikasi jenis dan kerapatan tumbuhan secara sensus, dilakukan juga perhitungan frekuensi pertemuan jenis fauna berdasarkan periode tertentu (time search). Hasil pengamatan menunjukan terdapat sebanyak 4 jenis tumbuhan pada kolam, yaitu mangrove (Rhizophora mucronate Poir.), teratai (Nymphaea lotusL.), rumput jarum (Adropogon aciculatus Retz.), dan lumut (Taxiphyllum barbieri).  Teridentifikasi sebanyak 11 jenis flora, 5 jenis insekta, 1 jenis aves, 1 jenis makro bentos, dan 3 jenis ikan.  Indeks Keanekaragaman flora dan fauna pada kolam masih dalam katagori rendah (H’< 1). Pertumbuhan mangrove jenis R. mucronata umur 2 tahun pada kolam mencapai rata-rata tinggi 47 cm dengan diameter 1,3 cm, dengan biomasa total mencapai 36,77 kg dan berkontribusi dalam menyerap CO2 sebesar 5,4 ton/ha. Biodiversitas pada ekosistem kolam PT Antam Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia berpotensi senantiasa berkembang dan berkontribusi dalam penyerapan karbon.Kata kunci: Kolam; Mangrove; Indeks keanekaragaman hayati; Rhizophora mucronata
Phytochemical Content of Fresh Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas L.) Extract As Acid-Base Titration Indicator Anjelina Derci Jenimat; Yustina D Lawung; Anselmus Boy Baunsele; Erly Grizca Boelan; Theresia Wariani; Maria Aloisia Uron Leba
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 13 No. 2 (2023): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v13i2.439

Abstract

Research has been carried out to examine the extraction and application of purple sweet potato tuber extract as an indicator of acid-base titration. Purple sweet potato tuber extract was obtained by extracting fresh tubers using ethanol 95% medical grade (PSPTE-95%) and ethanol 96% analytical grade (PSPTE-96%). Three variations of the maceration stage extracted samples. The extract was used for a phytochemical test and applied as an indicator for acid-base titration. Based on the research conducted, the rendement extract was extracted by ethanol 95% medical grade (PSPTE-95%) for the three stages of maceration are 4.34%, 4.76%, and 5.64%, the rendement extract was extracted by ethanol 96% analysis grade (PSPTE-96%) for the three stages of maceration are 7.09%, 12.16%, and 20.43%. PSPTE-95% and PSPTE-96% contain flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. PSPTE-95% and PSPTE-96% can be applied as indicators for titration of HCl solution with NaOH solution and HCl solution with NH4OH solution.
Nutrition Levels of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Onion Skin (Allium cepa. L) with EM-4 Bioactivator Gustria Ernis; Donna Sagita Mala; Amelisa Okta; Doni Notriawan; Muhammad Adeng Fadila
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 13 No. 2 (2023): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v13i2.468

Abstract

The high production of shallots (Allium cepa. L) causes a large amount of shallot waste in the form of shallot skins, which are organic wastes with a light weight, easily dispersed, disturbing the landscape and polluting the environment as well as being a source of disease. So that it is necessary to process waste into materials that have useful and even economic value, one of which is Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC). The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of macro and micro nutrients in POC with varying concentrations of EM-4 bioactivator. In this study, the manufacture of POC with various concentrations of bioactivator 0, 25, 50, and 100 mL with a fermentation time of 14 days. Then carried out physicochemical observations, namely observing physical and chemical changes ranging from viscosity, color, odor and the presence or absence of gas in the POC made. The resulting POC was then tested for macro-nutrients (N, P, K and C-organic) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Mn, and Cu) using AAS and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. In this study, the best POC of onion peel waste was obtained at a concentration of 100 mL bioactivator with macronutrients N, P, K, C-Organic, each of which was 0.71; 1.45; 0.36 and 4.7%; while the content of micronutrients Fe, Mn, and Cu were 0.037, respectively; 0.0052, and 0.198%. It can be concluded that the levels of macro and micro nutrients have complied with SNI 19-7030-2004 except for C-organic elements which are still far below the standard, and POC made from onion skin has a high phosphorus content, so it is very suitable for use in plants that have high levels of phosphorus. require growth regulators (ZPT), especially for root growth.
Thomas Langur (Presbytis thomasi) Daily Movement in Jantho Natural Reserve, Aceh Province Ruskhanidar; Rosmalia; Sofyan Iskandar
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 13 No. 2 (2023): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v13i2.469

Abstract

Thomas langur (Presbytis thomasi) is an endemic primate to Aceh and North Sumatra. These primates have a local name, “Kedih.” Forest fires and forest functions conversion into oil palm plantations are pressure on their habitat and have decreased wild populations in nature. As arboreal animals, their movements depend heavily on the connectivity of vegetation. Comprehensive research is needed to obtain horizontal and vertical daily movement data of the thomas langur. This study used GPS to take coordinates, a camera to document Thomas langur and its food trees, and Thomas langur as a research object. The data recorded includes the coordinates of each forage tree, the type of forage tree, and the height of the canopy strata used by Thomas langur for foraging. The hardwood movement data was plotted on ArGis 10.1 to get the horizontal hardness movement area. Tree height data was obtained by measuring the tree height where Thomas langur stopped to look for food. Kedih movements to look for food are carried out daily from morning to evening. The results showed that the short length of movement was highly depend on the availability of forage trees. The denser the forage trees, the shorter the daily activities of Thomas langur. This daily movement can be done horizontally and vertically. Horizontally, Thomas langur moved to follow the forage trees, and vertically, Thomas langur moved by utilizing the height of the forage trees. Horizontally, Thomas langur moved 144.92 m in the rehabilitation block and 62.30 m in the protection block. The Thomas langur home ranged in the rehabilitation block is 27 ha, and 25 ha in the protected block. Vertically, Kedih in the rehabilitation blocks and protected blocks moved to trees with a height of 11-20 m, as much as 49%.
Morphological Identification of Oudemansiella canarii (Jungh.) Höhn. at IPB University Campus Forest Litta Zulvawati Ardi; Nuzrina Ardhani; Risya Ayudya Fadillah; Chelsea Dame Natalia; Indah Tasya Nabila; Made Jefry Dwi Dharma; Ivan Permana Putra
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 13 No. 2 (2023): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v13i2.470

Abstract

Oudemansiella canarii is a wild mushroom which easy to find in nature and usually grows on wood. This mushroom is recognized as the edible macrofungi, but information on the morphological characteristics of this fungus is very limited in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and describe O. canarii based on morphological features as an effort to disseminate mycology information to the public. This research was conducted in the IPB University campus forest which is one of the natural habitats of this macrofungi. The fruiting bodies were observed in the field and in the laboratory. Identification was carried out based on the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the collected specimens. Oudemansiella canarii observed had a cream-colored cap, scales on its surface, a cap covered with mucus, free lamellae attachments, club-shaped basidia, basidiospores globose to subglobose, hyaline with thin walls, without ornamentation, and has a clearly visible guttule. This report is the first comprehensive morphological description on O. canarii from Indonesia and adds information to the diversity of Indonesian macrofungi.
Mentilin (Tarsius bancanus) The Smallest Primate at The Taman Kehati Pelawan, Central Bangka Ratna Sari Hasibuan; Agus Seftian Pracahyo; Miftahul Ihsan
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 13 No. 2 (2023): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v13i2.454

Abstract

One of the primitive primates and the smallest nocturnal is Mentilin or Tarsius. Mentilin (Tarsius bancanus) is an endemic animal scattered on the islands of Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Bangka and Belitung. Mentilins are protected animals and are listed in CITES Appendix II. The existence of forest degradation on Bangka Island due to illegal logging, conversion of land to plantation land, and illegal tin mining by the community and companies on a large scale has caused the mentilin’s habitat to decrease. This study's purpose was to determine the total population of mentilin and determine the habitat of mentilin in the Pelawan Forest. The method used is line transect and vegetation analysis. The results of this study were a total of 6 Mentilin found from two groups and a tree-level diversity of 1.67; Pole 2.48; 3.41 saplings and 3.40 seedlings. Mentilin density in Pelawan Forest is 21.4 mentilin per km2, with a sex ratio of 1:2 Dominated by Pelawan Plants.
Daily Behavior of Binturong (Arctictis binturong) in Ex-situ Conservation Taman Margasatwa Ragunan Widya Anggraini; Mia Azizah; I.G.A Manik Widhyastini
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 13 No. 2 (2023): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v13i2.471

Abstract

Binturong (Arctictis binturong) is a mammal in the family of Viverridae, which includes animals such as civets. Binturong is a species with VU (Vulnerable) status, which means that it faces the risk of extinction in the wild in the future based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List and has Appendix III based on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This research aimed to determine the behavior at Taman Margasatwa Ragunan (Ragunan Wildlife Park) from July to September 2022. Taman Margasatwa Ragunan is an ex-situ conservation for flora and fauna, which is also helpful as a place for research, education, and recreation. This research determined the behavior, frequency, and duration of binturong’s daily activities at Taman Margasatwa Ragunan (Ragunan Wildlife Park). This study used a scan sampling method, and the objects were three individual binturongs, namely male Sumatran binturong (Martin), male Kalimantan binturong (Amoy), and female Kalimantan binturong (Gaza). The results obtained showed that the highest activity was found in resting behavior (6444 minutes; 82,64%) and the lowest was in agonistic behavior (3 minutes; 0,03%) carried out by Martin, then the highest activity was in resting behavior (6607 minutes; 84,75%) and the lowest was the behavior of defecation (5 minutes; 0,06%) carried out by Amoy, then the highest activity was in resting behavior (6833 minutes; 87,61%) and the lowest was the behavior of defecation (1 minute; 0,01%) carried out by Gaza.
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Tampoi Leaves (Baccaurea macrocarpa (Miq.)Mull.Arg ) by Leaf Age and Solvent Type Sujarwati; Mayta Novaliza Isda; Desna Tasya Rahmadhani; Ulfatur Rohmah
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v13i3.430

Abstract

Tampoi (Baccaurea macrocarpa (Miq.) Mull.Arg) is a member of the genus Baccaurea which is distributed mainly in the regions of Borneo and Sumatra. The use of tampoi can be done by exploring the potential of tampoi plants as medicinal plants. The research was conducted to determine the content of secondary metabolites and the results of the analysis of the antioxidant activity of tampoi leaves. The leaf extraction process uses polar solvents in the form of water, 70% ethanol, 70% methanol and non-polar in the form of chloroform, toluene, and n-hexane. Analysis of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil). The results showed that polar solvents are better used in extracting secondary metabolites of tampoi leaves in non-plar solvents. The conclusion of this study is the types of secondary metabolites contained in tampoi leaves, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids. Young tampoi leaves have a stronger antioxidant activity value than old leaves. The most effective solvent for extracting secondary metabolite compounds of tampoi leaves is 70% methanol.

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