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INDONESIA
KAPAL Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 18298370     EISSN : 23019069     DOI : 10.14710/kapal.
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
Jurnal ini merupakan Jurnal Ilmiah untuk mengembangkan ilmu dibidang Ilmu Pengetahuan & Teknologi Kelautan. Jurnal ini diterbitkan oleh Teknik Perkapalan Universitas Diponegoro 3 (tiga) kali dalam 1 tahun pada bulan Februari, Juni dan Oktober.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 421 Documents
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A Comprehensive Study of Renewable-Powered Floating Oil Skimmer Design for Indonesian Oil Spill Recovery Yasim, Ahmad; Irsan, Muhammad; Dwiprayuda, Marfiansyah Nasra; Ikhsan, Muh.; Zulkifli, Muh. Fadil
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 23, No 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v23i1.79027

Abstract

Indonesian waters have intense shipping and offshore oil industry activities, often resulting in marine pollution from oil spills. These spills damage marine ecosystems, disrupt sea transportation, cause organism mortality and migration, and reduce fishery production as well as marine tourism. To mitigate oil pollution, oil skimmers are widely used. However, their current applications mostly rely on generator-based electric power and are limited to land-based industrial environments. This study aims to develop a floating oil skimmer powered by renewable energy for marine oil spill recovery, utilizing the abundant solar and wind resources available at sea. The research employs a design-based approach combined with model testing to enhance the accuracy of calculation inputs. The results indicate that the barge-type platform provides optimal performance due to its high buoyancy, low resistance, and good stability and seakeeping characteristics. The oil skimmer integrates a corrugated plate interceptor (CPI) separator to accelerate the oil–water separation process. Two 100 Wp solar panels supply electrical power stored in two 12 V, 32 Ah hybrid batteries, which operate an oily water pump, a DC 775 motor for the skimmer drum, and a cooling system pump to prevent component overheating. Experimental results show the highest efficiency at 120 RPM, with an average oil recovery rate of 2.2 mL per revolution, equivalent to 15.84 L/h or 380.16 L/day. Further improvements are recommended by optimizing the skimmer material, adjusting its position, refining the oil scraper, and adding an oil skimmer unit in Chamber 1.
Optimization of Inner Bilge Design to Enhance Cargo Tank Capacity in Tankers Yulianto, Ardi Nugroho; Winarko, Raybonda Reinaldi; Pasaribu, Sheely Leony Artha; Ahmad, Roisul Fadli; Adietya, Berlian Arswendo; Hasanudin, Hasanudin
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 23, No 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v23i1.82683

Abstract

The world of shipping industry keeps evolving to develop the most efficient ship designs, including tanker ship designs. According to MARPOL Annex 1 Regulation 19, oil tankers over 600 deadweight and built after 6 July 1996 must have wing tank and double bottom structures, which significantly reduce the cargo hold volume. Therefore, the objective of this research is to optimize the cargo hold volume by converting the conventional sloped hopper into a rounded inner bilge configuration. The optimization problem is formulated with the cargo oil tank volume as the objective function to be maximized. The design variables include the inner bilge radius and the positions of two cargo landing points at each knuckle along the cargo oil tank, defined in transverse and vertical coordinates. The constraints consist of regulatory and design requirements, including clearance, stability, freeboard, and longitudinal strength. Grid search method is employed to systematically evaluate all possible combinations of design variables, ensuring identification of the global optimum. The optimisation process is automated using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) integrated with ship modelling software. The research resulted in a new design that increased the cargo oil tank volume by 0.960%. A sister ship with the same payload could be built with an optimized cargo oil tank design configuration by reducing the length of the cargo oil tanks and the ship itself. However, this improvement comes with a trade-off in terms of practical applicability during the shipbuilding process.
CFD-Based Analysis of Wingsail Shape and Placement on a Fishing Vessel in Southern Bali Waters Sukmawardana, Happy Nabila; Suwarni, Endah; Purnamasari, Dian; Utina, Mohammad Ridwan; Rina, Rina; Setiyobudi, Nanang; Sulistyawati, Wiwin
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 23, No 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v23i1.82416

Abstract

The maritime transportation sector contributes significantly to atmospheric emissions due to its reliance on fossil fuels, underscoring the need for more energy-efficient, environmentally friendly propulsion technologies. One promising solution is Wind-Assisted Ship Propulsion (WASP), which uses wind energy as a supplemental power source for vessel propulsion. Among various WASP technologies, wingsails have attracted attention for their rigid airfoil geometry and their ability to generate aerodynamic lift efficiently. This study aims to investigate the influence of wing sail shape and placement on aerodynamic performance, to identify an effective configuration for vessel applications. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are conducted using k-  SST turbulence model. Two symmetric airfoil profiles, NACA 0012 and NACA 0015, are examined under angle of attack variations of 5°, 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°. The wingsail is modeled in two installation configurations: midship and a combined midship-aft arrangement. Simulations are performed at wind speeds of 4 m/s, 10 m/s, 13.7 m/s, and 17.2 m/s, with aerodynamic performance evaluated based on the lift and drag coefficients. Based on the results, the NACA 0015 wingsail shows more stable aerodynamic behavior than the NACA 0012, while medium wind speeds in the range of 10–13.7 m/s offer the best balance between lift and drag. In addition, the midship–aft wingsail arrangement consistently generates higher lift than the single midship configuration, making the NACA 0015 wingsail with midship–aft placement the most suitable choice for fishing vessel applications.
Development of a CAD-Based Subprogram for Bill of Materials Generation in Midship Section Area of Cargo Oil Tank Roisul Fadli Ahmad; Berlian Arswendo Adietya; Muhammad Luqman Hakim; Ari Santoso; Triyanda Gunawan; Hasanudin Hasanudin; Muhammad Hilmy Alfaruqi; Ardi Nugroho Yulianto
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 23, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v23i2.84393

Abstract

One of the challenges in shipbuilding is managing the Bill of Materials (BOM), caused by the existence of separate BOM versions for the design, production, and maintenance stages. In addition, most BOM preparation still involves manual processes. This results in additional work in the form of BOM transformation and repeated verification, as the multiple manually created BOM versions are highly prone to data inconsistencies and duplication. This study aims to simplify BOM preparation by developing a CAD-integrated add-on program capable of automatically generating BOM from ship section design. The proposed add-on program is expected to provide a solution for facilitating BOM data transfer between shipyard divisions, thereby reducing the risk of data inconsistencies and speeding up decision-making in ship construction. The research method includes collecting material data (ship profiles and plates), creating profile and plate model templates, designing the add-on program, and developing a user guide for the add-on. The add-on program will consist of three components: Drawing Tool for modeling, Part Identification for marking structural components in the ship section design, and BOM Calculation for calculating the Bill of Materials from the structural components in the ship section design. The expected outcome of this research is the development of an add-on program capable of automatically generating a BOM from a ship’s section design, demonstrated through a case study on the cargo oil tank section in the parallel middle body of a tanker.
Optimization of Double Bottom Design in Cargo Hold Areas: Case Study Of Tanker With Lengths 150 m and Above Raybonda Reinaldi Winarko; Berlian Arswendo Adietya; Andi Trimulyono; Sunardi Sunardi; Stefanus Eko Wiratno; Ardiansyah Musa Efendi; Ardi Nugroho Yulianto
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 23, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v23i2.84390

Abstract

The shipping industry is keep advancing to produce the most efficient ship designs, including tanker ship designs. According to MARPOL Annex 1 Regulation 19, oil tankers with a deadweight of over 600 tonnes and built after 6 July 1996 must have double side and double bottom structures. These structures are intended to prevent oil spill in the event of hull damaged. However, they significantly reduce the cargo hold volume. Therefore, the objective of this research is to optimize the cargo hold volume by optimizing the double bottom design along the cargo oil tank. One of the optimization methods that can solve this problem is the brute force search method. Unlike heuristic algorithms, it provides exact rather than approximate results, making it ideal for solving small-scale problems with shorter iteration times. In this research, the variables are the locations of two cargo landing points at each knuckle of the ship's cargo oil tank. The constraints are the regulations governing clearance, stability, freeboard, and longitudinal strength of ship. The research resulted in a new design that increased the cargo oil tank volume by 375.996 m³, equivalent to 0.865%. A new ship with the same payload can be constructed using an optimized cargo oil tank configuration, reducing both the cargo tank length and the overall ship length by 1.011 m.
Modeling Shipping Route Optimization Based On Seasonal Ocean Current Variability Using The Ant Colony Algorithm Brachmantiyo Rachman Pratama; Erik Sugianto; Supartono Supartono; Stevanus Fransiscus Sahusilawahe
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 23, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v23i2.82341

Abstract

Indonesia possesses dense and strategic shipping lanes, where seasonal ocean currents in the Java Sea frequently impact vessel transit times. On palm-oil shipping routes from Kumai to various ports in Java, route efficiency is paramount as fuel constitutes the largest operational expense. Due to the variability of ocean currents, conventional routes are not always the most efficient choice. This study utilizes 2024 ocean-current data from the Copernicus Marine Service alongside the technical specifications of the MT Nusaniwe to calculate effective speed, travel time, and fuel consumption. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is applied to evaluate alternative route combinations under varying seasonal current conditions. The methodology encompasses current analysis, effective-speed formulation, fuel-consumption modeling, and route-optimization simulations for both the northwest and southeast monsoon seasons. Previous literature has not integrated ACO with seasonal oceanographic data for route optimization, which defines the research gap addressed herein. The results demonstrate that ACO-based routes integrated with oceanographic data outperform conventional routes, achieving significant reductions in transit time and fuel consumption. Consequently, this model proves that leveraging seasonal currents can enhance vessel operational efficiency and support data-driven voyage planning.
Decision Drivers for Optimal Fishing Vessel Design in Maluku Waters using Analytic Hierarchy Process Billy J Camerling; Richard Benny Luhulima
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 23, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v23i2.81952

Abstract

The selection of optimal fishing vessel hull configuration for operations in Maluku Waters requires systematic evaluation of multiple interrelated decision criteria. This research applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology to evaluate three distinct hull configurations—monohull, catamaran, and trimaran—based on three primary decision drivers: resistance, fuel efficiency, and crew operational requirements. Using a hierarchical decomposition approach with pairwise comparison matrices and consistency testing, this study establishes weighted priority rankings for hull configuration selection. Hydrodynamic analysis reveals that trimaran vessels exhibit 9.4% lower total resistance compared to monohull vessels (98.5 kN vs. 108.0 kN at 12 knots), with corresponding fuel consumption reductions of 9.7% (4.86 tons vs. 5.38 tons). Catamaran configurations demonstrate intermediate performance with 6.6% lower resistance than monohull vessels. AHP results indicate that resistance (weight: 0.45) and fuel efficiency (weight: 0.38) emerge as the dominant decision criteria, while crew comfort and operational factors (weight: 0.17) represent secondary considerations. The synthesized AHP prioritization method provides decision-makers with quantitative frameworks for vessel selection aligned with Maluku Waters operational requirements. This research contributes a systematic multi-criteria methodology applicable to regional fishing fleet optimization and vessel procurement decisions.
Ship Hull Geometry Design by Using B-Spline Curve Fitting and Lofted Surface Generation Sheely Leony Artha Pasaribu; Berlian Arswendo Adietya; Muhammad Iqbal; Hasanudin Hasanudin; Wiwin Sulistyawati; Mohammad Sholikhan Arif; Ardi Nugroho Yulianto
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 23, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v23i2.84399

Abstract

As one of the largest archipelago countries in the world, Indonesia requires technological capability to independently develop efficient ship design systems. Currently, the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software used for domestic ship design is still largely dominated by foreign commercial products, which require costly subscription fees. This dependence limits the technological independence of the national shipbuilding industry. This study aims to develop a simple CAD-based program for representing ship hull geometry using a parametric mathematical approach. The program reconstructs sectional curves using mathematics formulations and generates a continuous three-dimensional hull surface through a lofting method based on equal arc-length discretization and triangular mesh representation. The research methodology includes system design, curve and surface generation, geometric visualization, and validation through comparison with results obtained from commercial CAD software. The results demonstrate that the developed system is capable of accurately reconstructing sectional curves and generating a consistent lofted hull surface suitable for representing simple ship hull forms. This work provides an initial step toward the development of domestic ship hull design tools to support preliminary geometric modeling in Indonesia’s maritime industry.
The Influence Of Behavior Through Safety Culture On Seafarers’ Performance On Merchant Ship Mudiyanto Mudiyanto; Elva Febriana Anggraeny; Faishal Rabani Pribadi Putra
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 23, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v23i2.71852

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze the behavior of ship crews in implementing a safety culture towards performance on merchant ships..This study uses a quantitative approach to analyze the influence of behavior through safety culture on seafarers' performance on merchant ships. The sample used in this study consisted of 100 respondents, selected using a sampling technique using simple random sampling. The data was collected, the analysis was carried out using SmartPLS software to analyze complex structural models, including measuring the causal relationship between variables.The findings in this studySafety culture as a mediator has a significant influence on the relationship between behavioral variables and seafarer performance, namely by translating behavior into safety actions.This study contributes by revealing that consistent implementation of safety culture can form positive behaviors that significantly improve seafarers' operational performance and reduce the risk of accidents in the maritime sector. This study is different from previous studies that analyzed safety culture in the organizational sector, but this study analyzes safety culture on seafarers' performance in the maritime sector. The practical implications of this study are that shipping companies and port authorities need to strengthen safety culture through continuous training and implementation of regulations so that they can improve seafarers' performance and reduce accidents at sea.
The Effect of Tidal Current on the Length of Turning Basin Using Maneuvering Simulation I Putu Sindhu Asmara; Kharis Abdullah; Alif Nur Rochmad; Syafril Mayu Dinata; Sunardi Sunardi
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 23, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v23i2.82980

Abstract

The development of a new port must consider several factors for efficient investment and effective operation. One of those is the turning basin dimensions, which affects the dredging area. This study aims to determine the length of the turning basin. The container ships shall turn before berthing to make them easier to tow out of the jetty in an emergency. A berthing maneuver simulation was performed under extreme conditions of 20 knots wind speed and 5 current speed variations, from 0.75 to 1.75 knots, using the Mathematical Maneuvering Group model. Environmental disturbances cause the approaching vessel to drift when tugboats push it to the jetty. The criteria used for the success of the berthing maneuver are the safe interaction distance (less than 30 m) and the acceptable berthing speed (less than 0.15 m/s). According to a standard the diameter of turning basin is 2L. Based on maneuvering simulation results, the length of the turning basin varies linearly with the current velocity.

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