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INDONESIA
KAPAL Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 18298370     EISSN : 23019069     DOI : 10.14710/kapal.
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
Jurnal ini merupakan Jurnal Ilmiah untuk mengembangkan ilmu dibidang Ilmu Pengetahuan & Teknologi Kelautan. Jurnal ini diterbitkan oleh Teknik Perkapalan Universitas Diponegoro 3 (tiga) kali dalam 1 tahun pada bulan Februari, Juni dan Oktober.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 408 Documents
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Utilizing ANP for a Comprehensive Risk Assessment and Mitigation Prioritization of Lithium Battery Energy Storage Systems (LBESS) on Commissioning Service Operation Vessels (CSOV) Setiawan, Deri; Siswantoro, Nurhadi; Pitana, Trika
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 22, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v22i2.72849

Abstract

Integrating Lithium Battery Energy Storage Systems (LBESS) into offshore Commissioning Service Operation Vessels (CSOV) poses significant safety concerns, including fire, explosion, and toxic gas release. The expanding offshore wind industry increases demand for CSOVs equipped with energy storage, making robust risk management essential. This study addresses the critical need to understand and manage LBESS hazards on CSOVs, given the absence of comprehensive international regulations and inherent lithium battery risks like thermal runaway. This study utilizes Risk Assessment data and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to analyze these hazards and identify optimal mitigation strategies. The research systematically identified six distinct hazards, eighteen main causes, and twenty specific sub-causes through hazard identification (HAZID). A purposive sampling method selected seven qualified practitioners with at least three years of experience in BESS security and risk assessment on CSOVs, including ship construction supervision. Data was collected via a questionnaire using pairwise comparisons and the Saaty scale, processed with Super Decisions software, and combined using Geomean calculations. The ANP analysis shows safety is the top priority for LBESS implementation (63.6%), significantly exceeding environmental (16.3%) and operational (10.2%) factors. Within safety, explosion (39.0%) and fire (25.9%) are the most prevalent hazards, with thermal runaway and battery electrolyte decomposition being key contributors to LBESS failure. For mitigation, the analysis highlights Battery Physical Design and Protection (31.5%), Battery Monitoring and Control Systems (27.9%), and Operational Procedures and Training (15.4%) as crucial. Prioritizing safety is essential for LBESS deployment on CSOVs, with explosion and fire being the most severe threats, and robust engineering and operational protocols are critical mitigation strategies.
Optimization of Safety and Reliability of Electrical Systems of Tourist Ships in Labuan Bajo through FMEA Nugraha, I Made Aditya; Desnanjaya, I Gusti Made Ngurah; Pramana, Putu Indra
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 22, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v22i2.69260

Abstract

This study aims to optimize the safety and reliability of the electrical systems on tourist ships in Labuan Bajo through Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). The analysis identified key electrical components, including the battery and energy storage system, electric generator, charging system, and cables and connectors, as having high Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs). These components, if they fail, could significantly impact ship operations and passenger safety. The study emphasizes the importance of regular maintenance and early detection to prevent system failures and highlights critical areas, such as backup energy storage and power distribution, that require more attention. Despite having lower RPNs, components like the ship's lighting system and ventilation system still require maintenance to ensure smooth operation and passenger comfort. Additionally, the research revealed that proper load management of the electric generator is essential for extending its lifespan. It is recommended to limit the generator load to 60-86% of its maximum capacity to reduce the risk of overheating and enhance operational efficiency. By implementing these preventive measures, ship operators can enhance the reliability and safety of the electrical systems, leading to a safer and more comfortable experience for tourists while minimizing disruptions to operations. Overall, the findings show that FMEA is a valuable tool for optimizing the electrical systems of tourist ships, ensuring they operate with maximum efficiency and minimum risk.
Implementation of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis in the Maintenance Strategy for the Main Engine Cooling System Pump of Fishing Vessels Siahaan, Juniawan Preston; Yaqin, Rizqi Ilmal; Tumpu, Mula; Hermawan, Ade; Nugroho, Setyawan Dwi; Prakoso, Bagas; Luthfiani, Febi; Zein, Lukman Adria Saputra
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 22, No 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v22i1.67419

Abstract

The performance of the main engine of a fishing vessel becomes less than optimal when its cooling system does not function properly. Centrifugal pumps, as an important component of the cooling system, require special attention in selecting maintenance methods to maintain stable performance. This study aims to investigate the maintenance strategy of centrifugal pumps in the cooling system of the main engine of a fishing vessel. The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method is used to analyze maintenance strategies based on RPN values. The resulting RPN value can indicate the maintenance strategy that needs to be carried out. The highest RPN value and the failure mode category that requires special attention are analyzed using a histogram diagram. While the root cause of failure is clarified with a fishbone diagram. The results show that the highest failure mode is damage to the pump impeller due to corrosion. The main cause of this failure is found in the selection of impeller materials that are less suitable for working conditions and the environment. Predictive maintenance strategies are considered as a solution to overcome pump impeller problems. This study provides insight into choosing the right maintenance strategy, especially for fishing vessel engines.
Techno-economic Study of Recycled Plastic Waste Boards (RPB) as Sustainable Shell Construction Material for Fishing Vessels in Indonesia Supomo, Heri; Baihaqi, Imam; Safaruddin, Abdul Rahman; Supomo, Wikaranosa
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 22, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v22i2.68193

Abstract

The extreme increase in plastic waste over the past few decades has significantly impacted environmental challenges, especially in marine ecosystems. Despite numerous attempts, the use of recycled plastic waste remains restricted to specific applications. This paper experimentally investigates the potential of using Recycled Plastic-Waste Boards (RPB) as a shell hull construction material for fishing vessels in Indonesia. The study technically investigated the performance of RPB works compared to regular materials like wood and fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) for fishing vessels in terms of mechanical properties, and it's cost-effective. The RPB was made from mixed plastic waste, which was collected, chopped into small pieces, and then heated using a special design heating pot which then poured into special mold. The RPB was then mechanically tested using the ASTM D638 standard for tensile strength and the ASTM D790 standard for flexural strength. The results indicate that the RPB’s tensile and flexural strength are 9.4 MPa and 17.22 MPa, respectively, which meets the required mechanical strength standards for marine applications. In addition, the economic analysis shows that using RPB material can lower the construction costs of a 4-GT-sized boat shell hull by 57.79% and 17.09% compared with wood and FRP materials. Based on technical and economic views, the RPB materials have potential as alternative materials for boat shell construction and are more economical. These findings suggest that RPB provides a sustainable alternative to conventional materials and promotes the development of a circular economy within Indonesia's fishing sector. Overall, this research highlights the potential of RPB to contribute to both environmental sustainability and economic feasibility in the construction of small fishing vessels.
The Effect of Speed On Bow Thruster Tunnel Acoustics Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Methods Wahyudi, Dedy; Coutsar, Ardan Nagra; Nugroho, Putro Adi
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 22, No 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v22i1.69453

Abstract

The increasing global emphasis on sustainability and environmental conservation has driven the maritime industry to adopt technologies aimed at minimizing ecological impacts, particularly underwater noise pollution. As a significant environmental issue, underwater noise affects marine ecosystems, altering the behavior, physiology, and survival of marine fauna, while contributing to broader ecological shifts. This research investigates the acoustic properties of a vessel's bow thruster tunnel, focusing on noise generation at varying operational speeds. The study utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with ANSYS Fluent to analyze the relationship between fluid flow and acoustic behavior within the tunnel. Simulations conducted using CFD ANSYS Fluent reveal that high acoustic concentrations occur at the tunnel due to significant pressure differences between the interior and exterior. Results show that acoustic levels increase with ship velocity, ranging from 81.39 dB at 10 knots to 108.86 dB at 28 knots. To mitigate noise, a cone ring inlet design is proposed to reduce pressure differences and the ship's acoustic signature. These findings underscore the importance of vessel speed in influencing underwater noise levels, which can affect operational efficiency, marine ecosystems, and ship performance. The study highlights the need for a multi-faceted approach, incorporating hull design, propulsion systems, and operational strategies, to minimize acoustic impacts and promote sustainable maritime practices.
Effect of Pitch Distribution on The Propeller Efficiency and Cavitation of Offshore Patrol Vessels 98 Meter Risnawan, Novan; Setyanto, Taufiq Arif; Gani, Erzi Agson; Indiaryanto, Mahendra; Adietya, Berlian Arswendo
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 22, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v22i2.68808

Abstract

This paper discusses the effect of pitch distribution on the propeller of a high-speed vessel (Offshore Patrol Vessel) on propeller efficiency and cavitation on the propeller blade surface. A propeller model design with five blades featuring symmetric blade contours and ogival-shaped foil, tested through open water tests in a towing tank, is used as the research object. Three variations of pitch distribution based on PropCAD recommendations: original pitch, 80% hub pitch distribution, and high-thrust pitch distribution, are used as parameters to calculate propeller efficiency using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The cavitation phenomena occurring on the propeller blades under each pitch distribution condition are analysed using the Burrill method (Burrill Diagram). Based on CFD analysis, it was found that the propeller with the highest propeller efficiency, η, is obtained from the high-thrust pitch distribution (0.6072), compared to the original pitch distribution (0.5902) and the 80% hub pitch distribution (0.5651). Cavitation occurs in all three pitch variations because the thrust loading coefficient values (τc) for the original pitch distribution (0.1286), 80% hub pitch distribution (0.1183), and high-thrust pitch distribution (0.1293) are higher than the cavitation threshold from the Burrill diagram (τ'c = 0.0783).
The Application of Nanocoating and Cold-Dip Galvanization on Mitigating Corrosion for Ship and Offshore Mooring Chains Orji, Charles U; Nitonye, Samson; Asuquo, Felix U
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 22, No 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v22i1.65061

Abstract

Corrosion is a major challenge for marine vessels and offshore mooring systems due to the aggressive maritime environment characterized by high salinity, biological activity, and temperature variations. This study explores the effectiveness of nano-coatings derived from waste snail shells compared to traditional cold-dip galvanization in mitigating corrosion on ANSI A36 steel mooring chains. Three specimen groups—nano-epoxy composite coating, cold-dip galvanized, and bare metal—were tested in fresh and saltwater environments over a five-week period. Water composition, pH, and salinity were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) to assess their influence on corrosion behavior. Weekly measurements of corrosion rates were taken to evaluate the protective performance of each treatment. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in corrosion rates for both nano-coated and galvanized samples compared to bare metal. Specifically, the nano-epoxy coating reduced corrosion from 0.13 mm/week to below 0.02 mm/week, while cold-dip galvanized samples showed a similar decline, converging around 0.02 mm/week. Bare metal, however, stabilized at approximately 0.05 mm/week. These findings suggest that nano-coatings are a promising, sustainable alternative to conventional galvanization, enhancing the durability and operational lifespan of mooring systems and offshore structures. This advancement supports the offshore industry’s need to meet stringent classification guidelines and extend the design life of critical components. Further long-term exposure studies are recommended to confirm the sustained effectiveness of nano-epoxy coatings in marine environments.
Polbeng Research Vessel Comfort Study in the Malacca Strait Jamal, Jamal; Santoso, Budhi; Hafiz, Muhammad Alimul; Romadhoni, Romadhoni; Fazrian, Fazrian; B, Siswandi; Jupri, Jupri; Juanda, Juanda
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 22, No 2 (2025): Article in Progress (Accepted Papers)
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v22i2.66948

Abstract

The Polbeng Research Vessel is a ship that will be built by Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis (Polbeng) in collaboration with CV. Fatih Bahari Engineering. This vessel is made of High Density Polythene (HDPE) plastic, with the main dimensions of the ship: length (LOA) is 9 metres, breadth (B) is 2.2 metres, height (H) is 1.2 metres, and it uses an 85 HP outboat engine. This vessel's comfort study was conducted to see the ship's performance against equipment and humans in supporting research activities carried out by Polbeng. There are 4 cases in the study where there are 2 wave heights, namely 0.2 metres and 0.4 metres; each wave height is taken from 2 directions of waves hitting the ship, namely the beam seas direction (900) and the head seas direction (1800). There are 3 motions analysed, namely heave, roll, and pitch movements. The results of the ship's motion show that the roll motion in the Beam Seas wave direction has a more significant motion when compared to other motions. The analysis results show that the motion is in accordance with the theory that small ships for roll motions have shorter turnaround arms. Overall, this ship's motion is still common and meets the ship's comfort criteria based on the criteria issued by NORDFORSK 1987, STANAG 4154, U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), ISO 2631/1, ISO 2631/3, and BS. 6841:1987
Domestic Container Shipping Market Profile: A Case Study of Indonesia Achmadi, Tri; Baqi, Izzuddin
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 22, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v22i2.72477

Abstract

Given Indonesia's status as the world's largest archipelagic nation, the shipping industry is a crucial contributor to its economy. However, the Indonesian Ship Owners Association (INSA) has reported an oversupply in the nation's commercial shipping sector. This study aimed to identify the equilibrium between supply and demand within Indonesia's container shipping market. The analysis focused on nine key container shipping liner routes and employed several methodologies, including regression, relational, supply and demand curve, market equilibrium, market structure, and voyage calculation analyses. The data for this research was sourced from Ship Arrival and Departure Report Data (LK3) and generic simulation data from business professionals. The findings indicate that the demand curve for containers is inelastic, with a value of 0.31. This suggests that cargo owners are compelled to accept the freight rates set by shipping companies. In contrast, the supply capacity curve is elastic, valued at 3.16, demonstrating that shipping companies have the flexibility to adjust their supply capacity. For instance, on the Surabaya-Makassar route, the demand and supply curves intersect at an equilibrium point of 99 million TEUs.Nm and a price of IDR 2.16 million per TEU. Conversely, on the Jakarta-Surabaya route, the demand curve does not intersect the supply curve, indicating an oversupply. To rectify this market imbalance, the supply curve would need to shift to the left, reducing the supply capacity by 258 thousand TEUs to reach equilibrium.
A Comparative Analysis of the Stability of Open-Deck River Boats Using Righting Moment and GM0 Based Criteria Hasanudin, Hasanudin; Saputra, Aditya Dwi; Yulianto, Ardi Nugroho; Sujantoko, Sujantoko
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 22, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v22i2.70447

Abstract

The Musi River is an important transportation route in Indonesia, where traditional boats such as Jukungs and Keteks are widely used. Both are open-deck vessels, making stability a crucial factor for safety and operability. This study analyses and compares the stability of a Jukung and a Ketek in order to provide insights for safer traditional boat design. The methodology involves calculating the stability moment (MGZ) at a given heel angle and the heeling moment (MKR) due to turning and passenger distribution, based on Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI) and the GM₀ value specified by International Maritime Organization (IMO). Numerical simulations based on hull geometry are also applied for a more detailed assessment. Although similar in size, the Jukung has greater displacement owing to its flat U-shaped hull extending from top to bottom. Reducing passenger loads lowers the centre of gravity and increases the height of the righting lever. Both boats satisfy stability criteria across loading cases; however, the Jukung consistently demonstrates higher MGZ values, which increases further as the load decreases. Findings show that both vessels remain stable with MGZ exceeding MKR. The Jukung maintains a positive GM₀ under all loading conditions, whereas the Ketek fails to meet stability requirements at higher loads but is acceptable at reduced passenger levels. Overall, the Jukung proves more stable and safer, with its hull form providing a larger righting lever and greater safety margin than the Ketek. This highlights the critical role of hull design in ensuring traditional boat safety along the Musi River.

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