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Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Published by Perhimpunan Biokimia dan Biologi Molekuler Indonesia
ISSN : 26546108     EISSN : 26543222     DOI : https://doi.org/10.32889
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana (ActaBiolna) is a peer-reviewed and open-access journal that disseminates original research articles and review articles covering diverse topics in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The journal is published biannually by Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 121 Documents
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Association between vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism and hypertension in Indonesian ischemic stroke patients: a cross-sectional study Rizki Arrizal; Cut Aria Arina; Yahwardiah Siregar
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.237

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism (rs2228570) affects VDR protein transcriptional activity and may influence hypertension risk through renin-angiotensin system modulation. However, evidence in Southeast Asian stroke populations remains limited. Objective: To investigate the association between VDR FokI polymorphism and hypertension in Indonesian ischemic stroke patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 85 ischemic stroke patients (50 hypertensive, 35 normotensive) from Medan, Indonesia. VDR FokI genotypes (CC, CT, TT) were determined using PCR-RFLP. Association with hypertension was analyzed using chi-square test. Results: Genotype distribution showed CC and CT at equal frequency (44.7% each) and TT at 10.6%, with corresponding C and T allele frequencies of 67.1% and 32.9%, respectively. Among hypertensive stroke patients, CT genotype predominated (52.0%), whereas CC genotype was most prevalent in normotensive patients (57.1%). Despite these distributional differences, no significant association was observed between VDR FokI polymorphism and hypertension (χ² = 3.732, p = 0.155). Conclusion: VDR FokI polymorphism was not significantly associated with hypertension in Indonesian ischemic stroke patients, suggesting that genetic predisposition via this single polymorphism may be overshadowed by established stroke pathophysiology or complex gene-environment interactions in this specific clinical context.
Efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B eye drops at two concentrations in experimental aspergillus keratomycosis in rabbits Husnun Amalia; Rahmawati Ridwan; Ari Estuningtyas; Ratna Sitompul; Robiatul Adawiyah; Hans-Joachim Freisleben
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.240

Abstract

Background: Keratomycosis, a fungal corneal infection prevalent in tropical regions, frequently leads to visual impairment and blindness. Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) offers improved efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to conventional amphotericin B deoxycholate and represents a promising option for topical ophthalmic use. Objective: To evaluate and compare the therapeutic efficacy of L-AmB eye drops at 0.15% and 0.5% concentrations in experimental Aspergillus keratomycosis in New Zealand White rabbits. Methods: Four rabbits received midstromal corneal inoculation with a mixed suspension of Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, and A. terreus (2 x 10⁴ CFU/0.05 mL). L-AmB eye drops were applied hourly from day 8 post-inoculation until corneal cultures became negative. Antifungal susceptibility was assessed by disc diffusion. Clinical response was monitored by slit lamp examination using a modified scoring system. Results: Negative corneal cultures were achieved in all treated eyes within 10 to 18 days (mean 15 days, L-AmB 0.15%) and 11 to 15 days (mean 14 days, L-AmB 0.5%). No toxic effects were observed. Complete corneal transparency without cicatrix was achieved in one eye treated with L-AmB 0.15%. Conclusion: Both concentrations were effective and safe. Liposomal AmB 0.15% appears as efficacious as 0.5% for experimental Aspergillus keratomycosis. Clinical studies in humans are warranted.
Dose-dependent anticholesterol effects of Fuji apple simplicia in a rat model of metabolic syndrome Himawan Pramudana Amiruddin; R. Prihandjojo Andri Putranto; Amalina Shabrina; Veronika Ika Budiastuti
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.233

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome-associated dyslipidemia increases cardiovascular disease risk. Fuji apples (Malus domestica) contain bioactive compounds that may modulate cholesterol metabolism. Objective: To evaluate dose-dependent anticholesterol effects of Fuji apple simplicia in metabolic syndrome rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were allocated into five groups (n=6): negative control, positive control (metabolic syndrome without treatment), and three treatment groups receiving simplicia at 150, 300, or 450 mg/200 g body weight/day for 28 days. Metabolic syndrome was induced using high-fat diet and streptozotocin-nicotinamide injection. Total cholesterol was measured using enzymatic colorimetric assay and analyzed using mixed ANOVA. Results: Simplicia produced significant dose-dependent cholesterol reductions compared to positive control (p<0.001). Reductions were 71.77 mg/dL (34.09%), 100.53 mg/dL (47.78%), and 112.02 mg/dL (52.75%) at doses of 150, 300, and 450 mg/200 g body weight/day, respectively. Conclusion: Fuji apple simplicia exhibits significant anticholesterol activity in metabolic syndrome rats through a dose-dependent mechanism, supporting its potential as a complementary intervention for hypercholesterolemia management in metabolic syndrome.
Sustainable bromelain extraction from pineapple waste: ATPS purification, freeze-drying, and cosmetic safety evaluation Ma. Rachel V. Parcon; Gladys Ann B. Bautista; Chelsea Kate F. Jose; Jan Anthony N. Ysulat; Geaver Nicolei C. Cortez; Andrea Nicole Y. Abarcar; Pauline Yarah H. Morales; John Cyrus O. Alfaro; Aileen C. Bidol
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.236

Abstract

Background: Pineapple processing generates substantial waste; peels represent a rich source of bromelain, aproteolytic enzyme with dermatological applications. Objective: To develop sustainable bromelain extraction from pineapple peels using aqueous two-phase system(ATPS), evaluate freeze-dried extract, and assess safety for topical cosmetic use. Methods: Bromelain was extracted using PEG-4000/MgSO₄ ATPS and freeze-dried. Proteolytic activity was quantified by tyrosine release and gelatin digestion assays. Purified bromelain was incorporated into gel cleanser and serum formulations (2-5%, pH 4.5-7.0) and evaluated for physicochemical properties, microbial safety, and skin compatibility through human repeat insult patch testing (HRIPT). Results: The 10% PEG-4000/30% MgSO₄ system achieved optimal balance (37.64% yield, 2.80 U/mL activity). Freezedrying produced free-flowing powder. Formulations met ASEAN microbial limits (<1,000 cfu/g) and demonstrated non-irritating properties with low hypersensitivity risk in HRIPT. Conclusion: ATPS extraction combined with freeze-drying produces stable, bioactive bromelain suitable for safe
Secondhand smoke exposure and pediatric brain development: resolving the paradox of BDNF dysregulation Kenny Cantika Abadi; Maytia Pratiwisitha
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.248

Abstract

Prenatal secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is an increasingly recognized yet mechanistically undercharacterized risk factor for neurodevelopmental impairment. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential for neurogenesis, neuronal survival, and synaptic plasticity, but prior studies report inconsistent findings on its regulation by tobacco-derived toxicants, a discrepancy that has impeded translational progress. This narrative review synthesized 52 sources retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (2000–2024), comprising predominantly rodent mechanistic studies together with a smaller set of human post-mortem and observational reports, addressing the differential regulation of the BDNF precursor (proBDNF) and its mature isoform (mBDNF) following tobacco or nicotine exposure. Because isoform-specific human evidence in the context of passive prenatal SHS exposure remains scarce, the mechanistic model proposed here is derived largely from active nicotine or cigarette smoke exposure paradigms and extrapolated to the SHS context, a lower-dose exposure that may differ quantitatively, and possibly qualitatively, in its effects. Within this scope, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation and oxidative stress appear to upregulate total BDNF transcription, while the post-translational proteolytic conversion of proBDNF to mBDNF, mediated by furin, matrix metalloproteinases, and the tPA/plasmin system, is concurrently impaired. We propose, as a hypothesis requiring direct empirical testing rather than an established conclusion, that this imbalance redirects neurotrophic signaling from the pro-survival TrkB pathway toward the pro-apoptotic p75NTR cascade, and that it is plausibly associated with the cognitive, attentional, and behavioral difficulties reported in some prenatally exposed children. We further propose that the proBDNF/mBDNF ratio, rather than total BDNF concentration alone, may represent a more functionally relevant candidate biomarker, although its clinical utility remains unproven pending prospective validation and clarification of the peripheral-central BDNF correlation. Collectively, this model offers a testable mechanistic framework, rather than a settled explanation, for the neurodevelopmental consequences of in utero SHS exposure.
Turmeric extract reverses diclofenac-induced malondialdehyde elevation: comparative efficacy of two therapeutic doses Kevin Sunyoto; Anita Lidesna Shinta Amat; Rr Listyawati Nurina; Kartini Linda
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.223

Abstract

Background: Chronic administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac sodium generates excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing lipid peroxidation and elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a biomarker of oxidative tissue damage. Turmeric extract (Curcuma longa L.) contains curcuminoids with antioxidant properties that may reduce MDA formation and mitigate NSAID-induced injury. Objectives: To determine the effect of turmeric extract on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with sodium diclofenac. Methods: This laboratory experimental study employed a posttest-only control group design. Twenty-eight white rats were divided into four groups: normal control, negative control (diclofenac 10 mg/kg), treatment 1 (diclofenac + extract 100 mg/kg), and treatment 2 (diclofenac + extract 200 mg/kg). MDA levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett T3 test. Results: Turmeric extract significantly reduced MDA levels (p<0.001). The 200 mg/kg dose demonstrated superior protective effects compared to 100 mg/kg, effectively preventing diclofenac-induced oxidative stress. Conclusion: Turmeric extract demonstrates dose-dependent protective effects against diclofenac-induced oxidative stress, with 200 mg/kg achieving 18.3% MDA reduction and restoring oxidative balance. These findings support its potential as adjunct therapy for chronic NSAID users.
Rasbora borneensis fish and Vigna unguiculata legume protein supplementation restores reproductive hormone profiles in early-life protein-deficient female rats Didik Dwi Sanyoto; Triawanti; Sherly Limantara; Juhairana; Nani Zaitun; Haitami; Dimas Ikhsan Airlangga; Metria Zeta; Muhammad Athaya Zein
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.227

Abstract

Background: Protein malnutrition during early development can alter the hormonal pathways essential for female reproductive maturation. It remains a significant concern in regions where inadequate protein intake contributes to stunting and long-term reproductive risks. However, evidence remains limited regarding how maternal and early-life protein deficiency affects reproductive hormone formation in offspring, and whether locally available nutrient sources can reverse these disruptions. Objective: This study evaluated the effects of supplementation of Rasbora borneensis and Vigna unguiculata spp. cylindrica on reproductive hormones in female rat offspring subjected to protein deficiency. Methods: A protein-deficient model was generated by feeding rats a low-protein AIN-76A diet from birth to weaning, followed by continuation of the same diet in female offspring for four weeks. The offspring were then assigned to a normal control group receiving a standard diet, a negative control group maintained on the low-protein diet, and three treatment groups receiving Seluang fish feed, cowpea cowpea feed, or a combination of both for four weeks. FSH and estrogen levels were assessed to evaluate reproductive endocrine function. Results: All treatment diets increased FSH and estrogen levels compared with the negative control. FSH concentrations were significantly higher in all treatment groups (p = 0.012), with the combination diet yielding the greatest increase. Estrogen levels also rose substantially in the treatment groups with statistical analyses confirming significant differences (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Seluang fish and Nagara cowpea effectively improved reproductive hormone profiles in protein-deficient female rats, highlighting their potential as relevant nutritional strategies to counter early-life protein malnutrition.
Anti-obesity potential of Eurycoma longifolia: molecular docking and experimental validation in diet-induced obese rats Dimas Ikhsan Airlangga; Hanifa Rizky Rahmawati; Triawanti; Muhammad Alrizal Rahman
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.228

Abstract

Background: Obesity is associated with hyperlipidemia and enhanced adipogenesis mediated by HMGR and GPDH enzymes. Eurycoma longifolia represents a potential natural therapeutic alternative to statins for obesity management. Objective: To investigate the anti-obesity potential of E. longifolia compounds through HMGR and GPDH inhibition using integrated in silico and in vivo approaches. Methods: Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina to evaluate interactions between seven bioactive compounds and HMGR/GPDH proteins. Validation was confirmed by RMSD values below 2 Å. Binding affinities and dissociation constants were analyzed. In vivo study employed Wistar rats fed high-calorie, high-fat diet for 12 weeks, followed by four weeks of E. longifolia extract treatment at varying doses. Body weight and intra-abdominal fat were measured. Results: Three compounds exhibited binding affinities equivalent to atorvastatin against HMGR (-8.4 kcal/mol). Four compounds demonstrated stronger affinity than metformin against GPDH. Extract administration significantly reduced intra-abdominal fat in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.000). Conclusion: E. longifolia compounds demonstrate dual inhibitory potential against HMGR and GPDH through computational modeling, with experimental validation confirming significant reduction in visceral adiposity in obese rats.
Thyroid dysfunction and serum creatinine variations: A tertiary care study from northern Kerala Revathy B.R; Shivraj Gowda; Sneha Henry
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.229

Abstract

Background: Thyroid hormones regulate renal hemodynamics and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), influencing serum creatinine levels. Understanding this relationship is crucial to avoid misclassification of renal function. Objective: To determine the association between thyroid dysfunction and serum creatinine variations in patients attending a tertiary care center. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 84 thyroid patients (66 females, 18 males) from a tertiary care center in Calicut, Kerala. Participants were classified as hypothyroid or hyperthyroid based on thyroid function tests (TSH, FT3, FT4). Serum creatinine levels were categorized as reduced or elevated using sex-specific reference ranges. Statistical analysis employed chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: Hypothyroid patients exhibited elevated creatinine in 85-100% of cases, while hyperthyroid patients demonstrated reduced creatinine in 92-100% of cases across subgroups. Highly significant inverse associations were observed across all thyroid markers (p<0.001 for all comparisons). The strongest concordance occurred in women younger than 45 years (100% concordance), with modest attenuation in older women (≥45 years), although associations remained highly significant. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction profoundly affects serum creatinine through GFR modulation. Clinicians should systematically evaluate thyroid status before diagnosing chronic kidney disease based on creatinine abnormalities to prevent misclassification.
Dose-dependent effects of Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract on malondialdehyde and catalase activity in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats Zhira Shada Athaya; Eti Yerizel; Dinda Aprilia; Rozi Abdullah; Fadrian; Westi Permata Wati; Husna Yetti
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.232

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus-induced hyperglycemia triggers oxidative stress, characterized by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and impaired catalase (CAT) activity. Stevia rebaudiana, rich in steviol glycosides and polyphenols, demonstrates promising antioxidant properties, yet systematic dose-response data on oxidative stress biomarkers remain limited. Objectives: To evaluate the dose-dependent effects of stevia leaf extract on serum MDA levels and CAT activity in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were allocated into normal control, diabetic control (alloxan 120 mg/kg), and three treatment groups receiving alloxan plus stevia extract at 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days (n=5/group). Serum MDA and CAT were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: Diabetic control showed significantly elevated MDA (2.68±0.62 mg/dL) versus normal control (1.78±0.30 mg/dL). Stevia extract dose-dependently reduced MDA: 1.70±0.19, 1.54±0.20, and 1.38±0.09 mg/dL at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, representing 36.6%, 42.5%, and 48.5% reduction. The 400 mg/kg dose achieved MDA levels comparable to normal control. CAT activity showed dose-dependent restoration trend (7.92±0.76 to 8.58±0.52 mg/dL). Conclusion: Stevia leaf extract (400 mg/kg BW) effectively reduces oxidative stress in hyperglycemic rats through significant dose-dependent MDA reduction, with potential catalase benefits requiring further investigation.

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