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INDONESIA
JFIOnline
Published by Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia
ISSN : 14121107     EISSN : 2355696X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia yang diterbitkan oleh Pengurus Pusat Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia. Isi website memuat seluruh jurnal yang telah diterbitkan mencakup semua aspek dalam ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kefarmasian antara lain farmakologi, farmakognosi, fitokimia,farmasetika, kimia farmasi, biologi molekuler, bioteknologi, farmasi klinik,farmasi komunitas, farmasi pendidikan, dan lain-lain.
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Articles 443 Documents
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Kesinambungan Pendanaan JKN-BPJS Kesehatan Situmorang, Chazali H
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 8, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (407.33 KB) | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v8i1.418

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) is one of five social security programmes in Indonesia, under the Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional (SJSN) scheme. So far, there has been a significant improvement in JKN programmeâ??s operation. However, there is a concern of maintaining financial sustainability, as the key factor to attain the programmeâ??s long-term objective. In order to study the financing of JKN, an actuarial analysis has been done. The data used in this analysis were obtained from two main sources, i.e. BPJS Kesehatan and Ministry of Health RI. Other data used were the JKN premium revenues and health care costs (capitation, non-capitation, CBGs and non-CBGs). Based on the analysis, there is a clear evidence that shows a large mismatch in JKN financing. The health care costs of JKN is projected to increase from 6.1 Billion IDR in year 2014, to approximately 23.8 Billion IDR in year 2019, an increase of more than 58% each year. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the JKN financing is not sustainable, at least at existing conditions. However, there are solutions for the policy makers to increase the sustainability, i.e. by revising the premium nominal value through the amendment of Perpres No. 111/2013, by rasionalising the health care costs standard tariff through the amendment of Permenkes No. 59/2014, and by implementing cost control and cost efficiency in every operational aspects. Keywords: Indonesia, National Health Security, National Social Security System, JKN, SJSN ABSTRAK: Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) merupakan satu dari lima program Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional (SJSN) di Indonesia. Kemajuan besar telah dicapai dalam pelaksanaan program JKN. Namun demikian kesinambungan keuangan merupakan faktor kunci yang perlu dipertimbangkan untuk mencapai tujuan JKN jangka panjang. Oleh karena itu, dalam rangka menentukan keberlanjutan pendanaan JKN, sebuah analisis aktuaria telah dilakukan. Data yang digunakan dalam analisis aktuaria ini diperoleh dari dua sumber utama, yaitu BPJS Kesehatan dan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Data lain yang digunakan juga mencakup data pendapatan JKN (premium) dan biaya kesehatan (kapitasi, non-kapitasi, CBGs dan non- CBGs). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bukti jelas adanya kesenjangan pendanaan program JKN. Meskipun hanya untuk membiayai manfaat JKN, kesenjangan pendanaan JKN naik dari 6,1 triliun rupiah pada tahun 2014 menjadi 23,8 triliun rupiah pada tahun 2019, atau naik lebih dari 58% per tahun. Sehubungan dengan hasil kajian ini disimpulkan bahwa kondisi keuangan JKN tidak mampu berkelanjutan, setidaknya dalam kondisi seperti sekarang ini. Namun demikian ada beberapa cara dimana para pembuat kebijakan dapat membuat kebijakan agar sistem keuangan JKN lebih berkelanjutan. Cara tersebut meliputi revisi nilai premi yang kini diatur dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 111/2013, rasionalisasi tarif pelayanan kesehatan yang kini diatur dalam PerMenkes 59/2014, serta meluncurkan serangkaian program pengendalian biaya dan mempromosikan efisiensi. Kata kunci: Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional, JKN, SJSN, aktuaria, pendanaan kesehatan
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN REBUSAN KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) TERHADAP MENCIT YANG DIINFEKSI BAKTERI Escherichia coli Kumala, Shirly; Yuliani, .; Tulus, Didik
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 4, No 4 (2009)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v4i4.28

Abstract

The research has done using two methods.Method A treatment was conduct 2 hours after infecting the mice with the Escherichia coli,  while in the B method, the tratment was given to the mice after 24 hours. In every method, there were six groups (K1 was normal control using  healthy mouce, K2 was negative control, infecting with bacteria without treatment with antibiotic,. and K3 was positive control using chloramphenicol) K4-K6 were the test group in this group were treated with different concentrations of â??kayu secangâ?. After 3 days  of treatment, the peritonium fluid of the mice was taken followed by quantitative analysis using plate count and qualitative with bacteria reidentification. Quantitative analysis via method A demonstrated that a decreased of K4 39.65 %, K5 45.64 % and K6 44.74 %. in bacterial colony number was observed in the samples collected from K4. K5 and K6 respectively. Method B showed decreased K4 37.26 %, K5 43.13 % and K6 42.93 % in the colony number counted. The qualitative analysis using differential medium demonstrated metallic light that showed the isolated bacterial strain was Escherichia coli. ABSTRAK Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan 2 metode. Metode A pengobatan dilakukan 2 jam setelah bakteri diinfeksi ke mencit, sedangkan pada metode B pengobatan dilakukan setelah 24 jam infeksi. Setiap metode terdiri dari 6 kelompok, kelompok 1 (normal), kelompok 2 (kontrol negatif) hanya diinfeksi bakteri tanpa diobati, kelompok 3 (positif) diinfeksi bakteri dan diobati dengan antibiotika kloramfenikol, kelompok 4, 5, 6 diinfeksi bakteri dan diobati dengan  rebusan kayu secang dengan 3 konsentrasi yang berbeda. Pengobatan diberikan satu kali sehari selama 3 hari, setelah itu dilakukan pengambilan cairan intraperitonium dan diuji secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode plate count serta uji secara kualitatif dengan melakukan reidentifikasi bakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rebusan kayu secang dengan konsentrasi 10 %, 20 % dan 50 % pada metode A secara uji kuantitatif dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli, dengan prosentase penurunan koloni bakteri pada K4 37,26 %, K5 43,13 % dan K6 42,93 %. Pada metode B, K4 37.26 %, K5 43.13 % dan K6 42.93 % Pengamatan metode A dan B secara kualitatif  pada  media diferensial Eosin Methylen Blue agar, menunjukkan kilap logam metal.
ISOLASI SENYAWA ALKALOID DARI TUMBUHAN Cryptocarya bracteolata (LAURACEAE) Saidi, Nurdin; Morita, Hiroshi; Litaudon, Marc; Mukhtar, Mat Ropi; Awang, Khalijah; Hadi, A. Hamid A.
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 6, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v6i1.92

Abstract

Isolation of alkaloids from the bark of C. bracteolata Gamb yielded two compounds ofaporphines alkaloid, (+)-Lirioferine and (+)-Bracteoline. The extraction of the bark wascarried out by maceration, and isolation was carried out by column chromatography.Structural elucidation was established through several spectroscopic methods, such as 1DNMR(1H, 13C, DEPT), 2D-NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC), UV, IR, MS and comparison withthe published data.ABSTRAKDua senyawa alkaloid jenis aporfin, yaitu (+)-Lirioferin dan (+)-Bracteolin telah diisolasi darikulit batang C. Bracteolata. Ekstraksi senyawa dilakukan menggunakan cara maserasi danisolasi dengan kromatografi kolom. Elusidasi struktur dilakukan dengan berbagai jenisspektroskopi, meliputi 1D-NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT), 2D-NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC), UV, IR,EIMS dan perbandingan data senyawa yang sudah dipublikasi sebelumnya.
Aktivitas Penangkapan Radikal Bebas dari Infus Kelopak Bunga Rosella yang Difermentasi dengan Lactobacillus Sartini, .; Lethe, Christiana; Frengky, .
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 7, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (287.177 KB) | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v7i1.149

Abstract

The research aimed to investigate the free radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction of roselle calyces infusion fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota against free radical agent, DPPH (2,2-di-phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). In sequence, the roselle calyces were extracted by infusion method with concentration at 5% w/v. The infusion was fermented using Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota during 3x24 hours at 37⁰C. As regard the fermentation process, the result of that was extracted using ethyl acetate. Free radical scavenging activity was measured using DPPH method with unfermented-ethyl acetate fraction as control negative. As the result, both fermented and unfermented-ethyl acetate fraction exhibited free radical scavenging activity at 370.68 ppm and 685.49 ppm, respectively. These results suggest that antioxidant activity of fermented-ethyl acetate fraction could be 1.85 greater than unfermented-ethyl acetate fraction of roselle calyces infusionKeywords : Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain, free radical scavenging, DPPH
Uji Akvitas dan Keamanan Hair Tonic Ekstrak Daun Kembang Sepatu pada Pertumbuhan Rambut Kelinci Febriani, Amelia; Elya, Berna; Jufri, Mahdi
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 8, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1237.566 KB) | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v8i1.234

Abstract

ABSTRACT :Hair loss affects oneâ??s self image and emotional well-being. It is a very real and serious aesthetic concern for everyone. Leaves and flowers of Hibiscus are traditionally known to potentiate hair growth promotion. In this study we determine the hair growth promotion activity of hibiscus leaves using 2.5%, 5% and 10% of hibiscus leaf extract in the form of hair tonic. We also assessed the physical stability and safety of the hair tonic. Hair growth promotion activity assay was carried out by applying hair tonic on the rabbitâ??s back and measured hair length, hair thickness, hair weight and hair density. Physical stability assessment was performed at low (4°C ± 2°C), room (25°C ± 2°C) and high (40°C ± 2°C) temperature as well as the cycling test. Safety test was done by eye irritation test with HET-CAM and skin irritation test with patch test method. The results showed that hair tonic contains 10% of leaf extract have hair growth activity promotion better than the minoxidil 2%. Physical stability test showed extract of hibiscus leaf hair tonic has good physical stability. Results of safety test showed that thereâ??s no skin irritation occurred while eye irritation test showed positive eyes iritation. Keywords: hibiscus leave, hair growth, hair tonic, HET-CAM, patch test  ABSTRAK: Kerontokan rambut yang sering diakhiri kebotakan merupakan problema estetis yang sangat dikhawatirkan setiap orang. Daun dan bunga kembang sepatu telah diakui memiliki aktivitas pertumbuhan rambut berdasarkan penggunaan tradisional. Pada penelitian ini, 2,5%, 5% dan 10%  ekstrak daun kembang sepatu diformulasikan dalam bentuk hair tonic karena penggunaannya lebih mudah dan tidak lengket seperti sediaan semisolid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas pertumbuhan rambut ektrak etanol daun kembang sepatu  stabilitas fisik dan keamanannya. Uji aktivitas pertumbuhan rambut dilakukan dengan mengoleskan sediaan hair tonic pada punggung kelinci dan diukur panjang rambut, ketebalan rambut (diameter rambut), kelebatan rambut (bobot rambut) dan kepadatan rambut (densitas rambut). Uji stabilitas fisik dilakukan pada penyimpanan suhu rendah (4oC±2oC), suhu ruang (25oC±2oC) dan suhu tinggi (40oC±2oC) serta  cycling test. Uji keamanan dilakukan dengan uji iritasi mata dengan metode HET-CAM dan uji iritasi kulit dengan metode patch test. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sediaan hair tonic ekstrak daun kembang sepatu 10% memiliki aktivitas pertumbuhan rambut yang lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol positif minoksidil 2%. Hasil uji stabilitas fisik menunjukkan sediaan hair tonic ekstrak daun kembang sepatu memiliki stabilitas fisik yang baik. Dari hasil uji keamanan iritasi kulit  tidak terjadi iritasi, sedangkan hasil uji iritasi mata menunjukkan sediaan mengiritasi mata.Kata Kunci: daun kembang sepatu, pertumbuhan rambut, hair tonic, HET-CAM, patch test 
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Daun Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica) dan Daun Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) dengan Metode DPPH Retnaningtyas, Yuni; Hamzah, Muhammad Hafidi; Kristiningrum, Nia
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 9, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (984.415 KB) | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v9i1.565

Abstract

ABSTRACT : Antioxidants are nutrient that can prevent the oxidative damage in the body. Arabica coffee and pandan is most common species of plant found in Indonesia. Arabica coffee and pandan known as plants with antioxidant activity. This study aimed to determine and compare antioxidant activity of water and ether fraction from methanolic extract of Arabica coffee leaves, pandan leaves and both combination by DPPH method. Vitamin C was used as positive control. The result show that Arabica coffee leaves have antioxidant activity better than pandan leaves and also gives big donation of antioxidant activity in their combinations. Statistical analysis showed that antioxidant activity from all sample were significanly different (p<0,05).  
KUALITAS PERESEPAN OBAT GOLONGAN ANTIINFLAMASI NONSTEROID DI SALAH SATU RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA DI YOGYAKARTA Saepudin, .; Wiranti, Wulan
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 4, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v4i1.9

Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used widely for treatment a variety of diseases. This research was aimed at knowing quality of NSAID prescribing for hospitalized patients at a private hospital in Yogyakarta. Data of NSAIDs utilization during 1 July 2006 â?? 31 December 2006 were collected from hospital pharmacy division and quantity of NSAIDs utilization were measured using ATC/DDD and DU90% methodology. Quantity of NSAIDs utilization was expressed as number of DDD/100 bed days. Results from this research showed there were 14 items of NSAIDs were prescribed with 37 brand names. There were 5 items of NSAIDs included in DU90% segment : Ketorolac (38,63%), ketoprofen (18,82%), mefenamic acid (16,59%), Diclofenac (15,36%), and meloxicam (5,23%). Based on relative risk gastrointestinal toxicity of NSAIDs, the prescription of NSAID at hospital where this research was conducted is not good because more than 50% NSAIDs were prescribed have a high risk of gastrotoxic effect such us ketorolac and ketprofen. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas peresepan obat-obat golongan AINS berdasarkan tingkat keamanan relatif terhadap saluran pencernaan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan sampel data peresepan obat selama 6 bulan, yaitu pada periode 1 Juli 2006 â?? 31 Desember 2006. Data penggunaan obat golongan AINS dikumpulkan dari catatan penggunaan obat di instalasi farmasi dan data yang dikumpulkan meliputi jenis obat, bentuk sediaan, kekuatan, serta jumlah penggunaan. Pengukuran kuantitas penggunaan obat dilakukan dengan menggunakan satuan unit DDD (Defined Daily Dose) yang dinyatakan dengan DDD/100 hari rawat, dan kualitas peresepan AINS dianalisis berdasarkan kriteria Drug Utilization 90% (DU90%). Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diketahui terdapat 14 jenis obat golongan AINS yang digunakan di rumah sakit tempat penelitian dilakukan, dengan 37 merek dagang, dan rata-rata penggunaan obat AINS setiap bulan adalah sebesar 7,92 DDD/100 hari rawat. Obat-obat AINS yang kuantitas penggunaannya berada pada segmen DU90% meliputi ketorolak, ketoprofen, asam mefenamat, diklofenak, dan meloksikam dengan persentase berturut-turut 38,63%; 18,82%; 16,59%; 15,36%; dan 5,23%. Berdasarkan tingkat keamanan relatif obat golongan AINS terhadap saluran pencernaan, kualitas peresepan obat golongan AINS di rumah sakit tersebut masih kurang baik karena lebih banyak mengunakan obat dengan risiko tinggi terhadap gangguan saluran pencernaan, seperti ketoprofen dan ketorolak dengan penggunaan lebih dari 50%.
PREPARASI DAN EVALUASI EKSIPIEN KO-PROSES PATI SINGKONG-KITOSAN YANG DIBUAT SECARA SPRAY DRYING Wicaksono, Yudi; Witono, Yuli; Herlina, .; Nuri, .
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v5i2.41

Abstract

Tapioca starch is pharmaceutical excipient for diluent of tablet with poorly in flowability and compactibility. Chitosan is biodegradle polymer and have been widely used for pharmaceutical excipient. It have a marked tendency to plastic deformation, and a good compression behaviour. Co-processing is the one of the most widely explored and commercially utilized method for the preparation of directly compressible excipient. The aim of study was to develop direct compression excipient of the tapioca starch-chitosan using co-processing method by spray drying. Co-processed excipient were prepared by spray drying suspension of feed of the chitosan - tapioca starch in different ratios (1:2, 1:3 & 1:4). The co-processed excipients were evaluated for morphology, moisture content, angle of repose, flow rate of granules, bulk density, tapped density, Carrâ??s index, viscosity and melting point. The result showed co-processed excipient of tapioca starch-chitosan have spherical in shape, moisture content in the range of 4.04 â?? 5.39 %, angle of repose was found to be <  380, flow rate of granules in the range of 1.3 â?? 3.8 g/s, bulk density in the range of 0.46 â?? 0.57 g/ml, tapped density in the range of 0.57 â?? 7.58 g/ml, Carrâ??s index in the range of 19.16-27.11 %, viscosity in the range of  1.77-2.17 mPas and melting point in the range of 195.33-198.50 0C. ABSTRAK Pati singkong adalah eksipien farmasi untuk pengisi tablet dengan sifat alir dan kompaktibilitas tidak baik. Kitosan adalah polimer biodegradabel dan telah digunakan secara luas untuk eksipien farmasi. Kitosan mempunyai kecenderungan untuk deformasi plastis dan sifat kompresi yang baik. Ko-prosesing adalah salah satu metode komersial yang digunakan secara luas untuk pembuatan eksipien cetak langsung.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan eksipien cetak langsung dari pati singkong-kitosan dengan menggunakan metode ko-prosesing secara spray drying. Eksipien ko-proses disiapkan dengan menspray drying suspensi cairan umpan dari kitosan-pati singkong dalam perbandingan yang berbeda (1:2, 1:3 dan 1:4). Eksipien ko-proses dievaluasi untuk morfologi, kandungan lembab, sudut diam, kecepatan alir granul, berat jenis nyata, berat jenis mampat, indeks Carr's, viskositas dan titik lelehnya. Hasil menunjukkan eksipien ko-proses pati singkong-kitosan mempunyai bentuk sferis, kandungan lembab dalam rentang 4,04 â?? 5,39 %, sudut diam <380 , kecepatan alir granul dalam rentang 1,3 â?? 3,8 g/s, berat jenis nyata dalam rentang 0,46 â?? 0,57 g/ml, berat jenis mampat dalam rentang 0,57 â?? 7,58 g/ml, Indeks Carr's dalam rentang 19,16-27,11 %, viskositas dalam rentang  1,77-2,17 mPas dan titik leleh dalam rentang 195,33-198,50 0C.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTI-BAKTERI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT KEMBANG PUKUL EMPAT (Mirabilis jalapa L.) DENGAN METODE BIOAUTOGRAFI Kumala, Shirly; Tambunan, Risma Marisi; Mochtar, Dede
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 3, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v3i2.73

Abstract

Assay for anti-bacterial activity  of ethyl acetate extract from kembang pukul empat ( Mirabilis jalapa L) using bioautographic method has been investigated. Bioautographic methods was carried by put the chromatogram of the extract on the media that had been inoculated with bacteria. The bacteria used in this experiment were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results shown anti-bacteria activity  toward Staphylococcus aureus has value of Rf 21, 24, 35, 45, 53, 65 and  68. While for Escherichia  coli has value of  Rf 24, 33, 35, 45 and 65. ABSTRAK Aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etil asetat kembang pukul empat ( Mirabilis jalapa L) telah diteliti menggunakan metoda bioautografi. Metoda ini dilakukan dengan jalan meletakkan kromatogram ekstrak di atas media yang telah diinokulasi dengan bakteri uji Bakteri yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas anti bakteri ekstrak terhadap bakteri uji Staphylococcus aureus mempunyai nilai Rf 21, 24, 35, 45, 53, 65 dan  68. Sedangkan terhadap Escherichia  coli nilai Rf adalah 24, 33, 35, 45 dan 65.
Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antimitotik dari Fungi yang Bersimbiosis dengan Spons Maarisit, Wilmar; Minelko, Marstella; Jan, Tan Tjie
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (667.295 KB) | DOI: 10.35617/jfi.v6i2.130

Abstract

Sponge-derived fungi are source of natural bioactive compounds. The aim of this research is to test the anti-bacterial and anti-mitotic activities from marine sponge-derived fungus. The sponge-derived fungus (strain TID.24041021-2) has been successfully isolated from sponge (strain TID.24041021-2) collected from the sea around Tidung Island. The morphology of this fungus has been identified and classified in the genus Wangiella sp. This fungus was cultivated in PDA with salinity 25 ppm for 21 days at room temperature, extracted with acetone, partitioned with ethyl acetate, and tested the anti-bacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, and also tested the anti-mitotic activity using root tip cells of Allium cepat. The results showed that crude extract of ethyl acetate could inhibit the growth of B. subtilis 91.30-2.30 mm), E.coli (1.50-3.03 mm) dan S.aureus (2.80-5.0 mm) bacteria. Also, antimitotic activity from crude extract of ethyl acetate showed that there is chromosome abnormalities of 0.76 and 1.38 in extract concentration of 20% and 25%, respectively.Keywords : Sponge-derived fungi, anti-bacterial, anti-mitotic, chromosome abnormalities.

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