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Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis

JITKT
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Published by Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

ISSN : - EISSN : 16933834 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal ini mempublikasikan artikel asli baik penelitian dasar maupun terapan di bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kayu, bahan berlignoselulosa bukan kayu, hasil hutan lainnya dan industri hasil hutan.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 316 Documents

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Karakteristik Kimia Biomassa untuk Energi (Chemical Characteristics of Biomass for Energy) Deded S Nawawi; Anne Carolina; Tasya Saskia; Deni Darmawan; Siti L Gusvina
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The chemical components of biomass were composed mainly by three elements, i.e. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. These elements composition may contribute to proximate properties and calorific value of biomass. Characterization of wood, wood bark, and bamboos biomass and its relation to biomass quality for energy were carried out based on their chemical components contents. The analyses of chemical components of biomass were performed according to Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) standard and proximate analysis was carried out according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard. The characteristics of biomass for energy could be evaluated based on its chemical components; especially by cellulose/lignin ratio (C/L) and hemicellulose/lignin ratio (H/L). Generally, appropriate quality of lignocellulose biomass for energy tend to exhibit low C/L and H/L ratios, that is due to obtain low volatile content and high calorific value. Lignin seems to be the most responsible chemical component for high calorific value of biomass. The classification of biomass based on the chemical components ratios would be applicable for biomass with less heterogeneity in ash content and in the quite similar extractives content.

Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Tabir Surya Ekstrak Daun Gyrinops versteegii (Antioxidant activity and Sunscreen of Gyrinops versteegii Leaf Extract) Maeda Wahyuningrum; Rita K Sari; Mohamad Rafi
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The aim of this study was to determine the yield and phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, and sunscreen of the Gyrinops versteegii leaf extracts. The leaf simplicia was extracted using soxhletation method with multilevel polarities of solvent (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and metanol). The analysis of phytochemical extracts has been carried out the qualitatively and quantitatively. The antioxidant activity testing was performed in vitro through the effective concentration (EC50) extract in capturing DPPH radicals. Sunscreen activity has been done through testing sun protection factor (SPF). The result showed that the yield of n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were 7.83, 5.46, and 6.77% respectively. The phytochemical analysis showed that the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were strongly detected containing antioxidant compounds such as p-hydroquinone, flavonoid, and tannins with the total phenol of the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were 3.40 and 4.27% respectively. The n-hexane extract detected contains weakly the antioxidant compounds with the total phenol was 0.45%. The methanol extract is the highest antioxidant activity (EC50 14.46 μg ml-1) and has ultra sunscreen activity (SPF>15).

Natural Resistance of Rattan Species from Sumatra Against Subterranean Termite and Its Relation to Chemical Properties (Ketahanan Alami Rotan Asal Sumatra terhadap Rayap Tanah dan Hubungannya dengan Sifat Kimia) Wa OM Arsyad; Lisna Efiyanti; Titi Kalima
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The main problem of rattan utilization was the ravages of destructive organisms attack. The objective of this study was to determine the natural resistance of rattan species from Sumatra against subterranean termites and its relation with the chemical characteristics of rattan. All samples were tested for resistance to subterranean termite and its chemical characteristics according to the Indonesian National Standard. Observations, percentage weight loss, termite survival and degree of attack were determined. Results showed that Calamus insignis, C. holttumii, Daemonorps verticillaris, and D. longipes included in very resistant (Class I). Korthalsia flagellaris, C. zonatus, C. laevigatus, D. sepals, C. spectatissimus, C. rugosus, and C. oleyanus included in resistance class II. Furthermore, D. micracantha included in the class of moderate resistance (class III). The cellulose content has no significant correlation (P>0.01), and lignin has a significant negative correlation (P<0.01) to the weight loss, termite survival and the degree of attack. Rattan that has resistance class I and II can be utilized as raw material of furniture and crafts, while rattan which have resistance class III require preservation treatment to extend its service life.

Aktivitas Antirayap Ekstrak Daun Pepaya dan Kumis Kucing (Antitermite Activities of Leaf Extracts of Pepaya and Kumis Kucing) Abdul Azis; Tibertius A Prayitno; Ganis Lukmandaru; Tomy Listyanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Antitermite activities of leaf hexane extract of cat whiskers (Orthosiphon sp.) leaves, ethyl acetate, and ethanol- toluene extracts of pepaya (Carica sp.) leaves were investigated in several concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 15%, weight based) that be impregnated to filter papers againts the dry-wood termites Cryptotermes sp. After impregnation, filter papers were dried into oven at 60 °C for 3 hours, then were tested to termites for 4 weeks. The results showed that treatment concentration could obtain the highest termites mortality level, no weight loss and the lowest damage level. Ethyl acetate extract of papaya leaves exhibited the highest termites mortality (91.2%) at concentration of 10%. This concentration also showed the lowest weight loss (0%) and the highest antifeedant activity (antifeedant coefficient of 100%). Ethyl acetate extract of papaya leaves exhibited the lowest of LC50 value (7844.20 μg ml-1 ). Antitermitic activity showed a trend more repellent than toxic. Fatty acid such as hexadecanoic acid, linolenic acid, octadecanoic acid and steroid compounds that detected by GC-MS were estimated to play a role as antitermite agents. Thus, the application of ethyl acetate extract of papaya leaves at concentration of 10% was recommended to the next experiment by using solid wood impregnation.

Physical-Mechanical Properties and Bonding Mechanism of Corn Stalks Particleboard with Citric Acid Adhesive Kurnia Wiji Prasetiyo; Linda Oktaviani; Lilik Astari; Firda Aulya Syamani; Subyakto Subyakto; Suminar S Achmadi
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

As a natural fiber and agricultural by-product, corn stalks (Zea mays saccharata) is considered as an alternative raw material to produce particleboard. Corn stalks is a good source of lignocelluloses, renewable and low cost. This research was aimed to investigate the characteristics of corn stalk particleboard with citric acid as adhesive. This study also evaluated bonding mechanism particle with citric acid and the bonds between celluloses derived corn stalk with citric acid. The boards were manufactured under the hot pressing temperature 200 oC for 10 min. The citric acid concentration was varied in 0, 15, 20 and 25 wt%. The board size and target density were (25 x 25 x 0.9) mm3 and 0.8 g.cm‑3. Results showed that the physical properties of particleboards improved with increasing citric acid concentration up to 20 wt%. At the optimum citric acid content of 20 wt% could provide particleboards with the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding satisfied the requirement of the 13 type of the JIS A 5908 (2003) standard. Infrared (IR) spectral analysis from board which manufactured from isolated cellulose was mixed citric acid and pressed on temperature 200 oC showed the presence of ester linkages that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of citric acid had reacted with the hydroxyl groups of corn stalk cellulose.

Aplikasi Serat Kapuk dan Balsa dengan Perlakuan Alkali sebagai Bahan Penguat Komposit (Alkaline Treated-Kapok and Balsa Fibers for Composite Reinforcement) Renny Purnawati; Fauzi Febrianto; Nyoman J Wistara; Siti Nikmatin; Sudirman Sudirman; Marwanto Marwanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Natural fibers of kapok and balsa can be potential renewable raw material for reinforced polymer composite. Alkaline treatment carried out in the present works was intended to develop the physical and chemical properties of the fibers before its application in reinforced composites preparation. The treatments involve of using NaOH at the concentration of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%. The change of morphological characteristics, crystallinity index, functional groups, and water contact angle were analyzed by using SEM, FTIR, XRD and contact angle analyzer, respectively. Upon alkaline treatments, the fibers were clean, flatten, and the surface tended to be rough. Defibrillation occurred at higher alkaline concentration. Alkaline treatment on the fibers shifted and changed the peak absorption intensity of -OH, C-O, C=C and C=O. Up to 8% NaOH concentration, alkaline treatment increased the crystallinity of the fibers, however decreased when the concentration of NaOH reaching 10%. Alkaline treatment on the fibers removed lignin, hemicellulose, and waxy substance of the fiber surface, increased surface roughness, and therefore is expected to create better interfacial adhesion.

Perbandingan Sifat Bahan Baku dan Pulp Kraft Geronggang (Cratoxylon arborescen) Alam dan Tanaman (Comparison the Properties of Raw Material and Kraft Pulp from Nature and Plantation of Geronggang Wood (Cratoxylon arborescen)) Yeny Aprinis; Opik T Akbar; Kanti D Rizqiani
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Geronggang (Cratoxylum arborescen) is one of local wood in Riau peatlands has potential as raw material for pulp. This study aims to compare properties of raw material and kraft pulp from nature and plantation of geronggang wood. The parameters observed were chemical properties, fibers dimension, and pulp properties. The comparison of the both geronggang properties were analyzed using T test. The results indicated that both geronggang wood nature and plantation showed similar chemical properties in term of extractives, cellulose, and hemicellulose, and fiber dimensions except lignin content. Kraft properties of both geronggang woods also have similar results of yield and Kappa number, except lignin content.

Karakteristik Perubahan Warna dan Kekerasan Kayu Termodifikasi Panas pada Berbagai Suhu dan Jenis Kayu (Color Changes and Hardness Properties of Thermally Modified Wood at Various Temperatures and Wood Species) Lina Karlinasari; Fengky S Yoresta; Trisna Priadi
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Thermally modified wood by heat treatment are conducted to improve wood quality through high temperature application dealing with to increase dimensional stability and biological durability. However, this treatment can decrease others properties such as mechanical properties and color changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color changes as well as hardness properties which undergone heat treatment. Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), and mangium (Acacia mangium) wood species were heat treated at temperature 120, 150, and 180 °C for duration 2 and 6 h. Pretreatments were carried through natural drying and kiln dryer at low temperature 40 °C. The result showed that the temperature and duration of heat treatment were effected on color changes to become darken mainly in jabon and mangium wood. Heat treatment at three temperature which subjected to the samples was not influenced significantly on hardness properties. Pretreatment maintained the moisture content stability but not influenced on wood properties tested.

Pengaruh Durasi Steam terhadap Kualitas Arang Aktif Limbah Sagu (The Effect of Steam Duration on Quality and Characteristics of Activated Charcoal of Sago Waste) Herman Siruru; Wasrin Syafii; Nyoman J Wistara; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Sago waste is a potential biomass that can be used as active charcoal raw material. The objectives of this research were to know the effect of steam duration on quality and characteristics of activated charcoal of sago waste. Carbonization process was carried out at 400 ⁰C for four hours, then activation was carried out at 100 ml bar steam pressure, at a temperature of 800 ⁰C with variations of steam duration 60, 80 and 100 minutes and activation without steam, only heating for 60 minutes. The proximate test used the SNI standard, observed the functional group using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and observed the active charcoal structure using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the yield, moisture content, volatile, ash content, fixed carbon, iodine absorption of activated charcoal of sago bark and sago soft core were, respectively, 39.22–84.10%, 4.63–6.39%, 3.03–5.06%, 7.74–33.43%, 61.54–88.63%, 158.60–972.60 mg g-1. XRD analyzes showed that the degree of crystalline activated charcoal of sago bark waste with the highest steam time of 100 minutes (35.98%) compared with the degree of crystalline other activated charcoal is only about 20.57-7.30%. FTIR spectroscopy results from activated charcoal of sago waste also identified nitrogen compounds such as NO2 at wave numbers 1370-1390 cm-1; 1530-1560 cm-1; 1620-1660 cm-1 and phosphorus compounds such as P-S at 200-500 cm-1 wave number; P=S at the wave number 500-850 cm-1.

Perubahan Kadar Komponen Kimia Bambu Andong akibat Perlakuan Steam (Change of Chemical Components Content in Andong Bamboo due to Steam Treatment) Muhammad I Maulana; Deded S Nawawi; Nyoman J Wistara; Rita K Sari; Siti Nikmatin; Sena Maulana; Se-Hwi Park; Fauzi Febrianto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Steam and rinsing treatment with water and 1% NaOH solution of andong bamboo strands have been known to improve physical and mechanical properties of its oriented strand board (OSB). The improvement of bamboo OSB properties might be caused by the change of chemical components content during steam and rinsing process. This study aims to measure the changes of chemical components content in andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea) due to steam treatment and rinsing with water or sodium hydroxide solution. Samples was taken from andong bamboo stem without bark and node part. The treatments of samples were steam at 126 ° C for 1 hour, steam and rinsing with water, and, steam and rinsing with 1% NaOH, respectively. Air-dried samples were, then, subjected to mill in order to get 40-60 mesh particles size, which was used for chemical components analyses. The results showed that steam and rinsing with water or 1% NaOH solution treatment reduced hemicellulose and extractive contents (dissolved in cold water, hot water, ethanol-benzene and NaOH 1% solution), whereas alpha-cellulose and lignin were relatively stable. Steam and rinsing treatment generally increased the pH value of bamboo samples.

Page 27 of 32 | Total Record : 316

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