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YARSI Medical Journal

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Published by Universitas Yarsi

ISSN : 08541159 EISSN : 24609382 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

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Articles 232 Documents

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METODE MIKROKOLONI (SLIDE CULTURE) SEBAGAI METODE DIAGNOSTIC ALTERNATIVE YANG LEBIH CEPAT UNTUK DIAGNOSIS TUBERCULOSIS PARU Budi Koendhori, Eko; Harsono, Setio
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 15, No 1 (2007): JANUARI - APRIL 2007
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Despite wide distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia, its diagnosis is still an important issue to be dealt with. Fourty seven sputums from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Surabaya were examined to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis using three methods, i.e. the acidfast stain Ziehl Neelsen, microcolony (slide culture) and Lowenstein Jensen. Sputums were collected spontaneously from the patients. All of them were decontaminated and centrifuged. After the supernatant fluids were carefully decanted, the sediments were resuspended in 1 ml of 10 mMphosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and the suspensions were then inoculated on to two 76 x 13 mm glass microscope slides. One of them was stained by Ziehl Neelsen method and the other was inoculated into microcolony media for seven days and the waste suspension was inoculated into LowensteinJensen media. The results of the microcolony method analysis were compared with the Ziehl Neelsen staining. Employing McNemar test, a significant difference was observed between the microcolony method and the Ziehl Neelsen staining (?² = 5,88). The sensitivity and spesificity ofmicrocolony were 100% and 89% while the Ziehl Neelsen were 60% and 84% respectively. In conclusions microcolony method was better compared with the Ziehl Neelsen staining in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microcolony method was able to reduce time required todetect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patient suspected with pulmonary tuberculosis.

TEKNIK FIRM AGAR UNTUK ISOLASI BAKTERI MENJALAR Dian M, Eri; Djannatun, Titiek
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 24, No 2 (2016): MEI - AGUSTUS 2016
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33476/jky.v24i2.264

Infeksi dapat disebabkan satu atau campuran bakteri. Isolasi bakteri dari sampel dibutuhkan media dan teknik yang baik dan selanjutnya dapat dilakukan identifikasi. Permasalahan muncul apabila sampel mengandung bakteri bersifat menjalar yang pertumbuhannya dapat menutupi bakteri lain. Tujuan penelitian ini membuat modifikasi Firm Nutrien Agar Plate (FNAP) dan Firm Agar Darah Plate (FADP) dengan metode yang praktis, efisien dan murah, yang memiliki kemampuan mengisolasi bakteri yang sama dengan media rutin, tetapi menghambat ekspresi menjalar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan isolat Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 sebagai kontrol bakteri yang tidak menjalar dan Proteus mirabilis dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolat limbah sebagai bakteri yang mempunyai sifat menjalar. Masing-masing bakteri dibuat suspensi Mc Farland 0,5 kemudian ditanam satu ose pada media rutin dan modifikasi firm agar. Hasil penelitian Staphylococcus aureus yang tumbuh pada FNAP dan FADP jumlah koloni lebih sedikit dan diameter semakin kecil dengan meningkatnya kepadatan media. Proteus mirabilis yang memiliki flagel peritrikh dan Pseudomonas aeuginosa yang memiliki flagel monotrikh, ekspresi menjalar menghilang, morfologi koloni membulat, terpisah dengan meningkatnya kepadatan media. Jumlah koloni yang tumbuh tidak berbeda nyata pada media rutin maupun firm agar. Kesimpulan: Modifikasi firm agar dapat menghilangkan sifat menjalar bakteri tanpa menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri lain, sehingga media tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mengisolasi bakteri dari sampel yang mengandung campuran bakteri. Saran: Perlu peningkatan konsentrasi media FADP untuk memperoleh koloni yang terpisah. Selain itu diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk melihat kemampuan mengisolasi media dengan menanamkan campuran bakteri yang mempunyai sifat menjalar dan bakteri yang tidak mempunyai sifat menjalar.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA RASA NYERI DI LEHER DENGAN POSISI MELIHAT DEKAT KETIKA DUDUK MEMBACA, MENULIS DAN MENGGAMBAR Sofwan, Achmad; Soebijanto, Soebijanto; Soempeno, Bambang
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 17, No 1 (2009): JANUARI - APRIL 2009
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

In globalization era, many schools offered integrated school model, among others are full day school, boarding school, etc. which is characterized by longer learning time than that in the public school at the same level. The extra-learning time would eventually prolong the student?s seating time. The chairs are probably comfortable however spinal back pain might be suffered. The cause of spinal back pain (schoolchildren?s neck, shoulder and back) could not be determined accurately. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between neck pain and near looking position while they were sitting to read, write and draw. This was a cross sectional study with analytical observation. The subjects of observation were 124 students of Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu (SDIT) Lukman Al-Hakim grade VI, with the age range was 10-12 years. The student?s visual activity was examined and flexion angle of the neck were measured while they were sitting to read, write and draw. Questionnaire was used to collect the frequency and the severity of complaints. The statistical methods used were chi-square and discriminant analysis. The result showed that the correlation coefficients between neck pain with near looking position while they were sitting to read, write and draw were 0,671, 0,693 and 0,632 respectively. It was concluded that there was a strong correlation between neck pain and near looking position while they were sitting to read, write and draw.

PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN METAKOGNITIF TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM AKADEMIK DAN PROFESI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN Poncorini Pamungkasari, Eti; Murti, Bhisma; Mudjiman, Haris
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 15, No 1 (2007): JANUARI - APRIL 2007
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Problem solving ability is one of several competences that should be mastered by medical graduates. Metacognitive skill, which refers to skills of thinking about thinking, is presumed in the literature to have some relation with problem solving ability. This study aims to investigate the effect ofmetacognitive skill on problem solving ability among medical students of academic and professional programmes at the Faculty of Medicine. This study is analytic and observational, conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University. The study subjects are medical students currentlyundertaking academic or professional programme at the Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University. Subject were selected purposively by distinguishing sub populations undertaking academic and professional programmes. From each sub population, 20 subjects were selected atrandom to result in a total of 40 subjects for this study. The data were collected by use of a questionnaire that has been previously designed by researchers abroad. The questionnaire was translated from English to Indonesian, modified accordingly, and subsequently tested for its validityand reliability, before use. The data were analyzed employing multiple linear regression model. The results of the regression analysis show that one score in metacognitive skill increases 0.71 score in problem solving ability (?= 0.71; 95%CI 0.37 to 1.06). In addition, students at the professional programme on average have problem solving ability 11.36 scores higher than those at the academic programme (?= 11.36; 95%CI 2.00 to 20.71). This study concludes that there is a statisticallysignfificant effect of metacognitive skill on problem solving ability among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine. After controlling for confounding factors such as learning stages, age, and sex, an increase in metacognitive skill will signficantly increase problem solving ability.

GAMBARAN LOW BACK PAIN PADA KOMUNITAS FITNESS CENTER DENGAN INSTRUKTUR DAN TANPA INSTRUKTUR DI YOGYAKARTA Nugraha, M. Ardiansyah Adi; Daniswara, Daniswara
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 21, No 1 (2013): JANUARI - APRIL 2013
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Prevalensi Low Back Pain (LBP) atau nyeri punggung bawah sepanjang hidup adalah antara 60-90% dan di AS sebanyak 30% atlet pernah mengalami LBP akut karena efek latihan yang mereka lakukan. Pada saat ini di Indonesia telah muncul komunitas-komunitas pusat kebugaran yang melakukan berbagai macam latihan untuk membentuk tubuh atau memperbaiki kebugaran mereka. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui demografi nyeri punggung bawah pada komunitas fitness center di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan pendekatan secara observasi. Populasinya adalah semua anggota komunitas pusat kebugaran baik laki-laki maupun perempuan yang diambil secara acak sejumlah 90 sampel. Berdasarkan umur, sampel dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok umur yaitu 18-30, 31-50, dan 50 tahun. Penelitian dilakukan di 3 tempat yaitu Kartika Dewi Group, Lembah Fitness, dan Bahtera Fitness Center. Setelah diperoleh data yang dibutuhkan, kemudian dilakukan pengolahan data dengan menggunakan frequency, cross tabulation, dan uji Chi Square. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan sebanyak 36 dari 90 sampel atau 40% menyatakan pernah mengalami nyeri punggung bawah LBP setelah selama ini melakukan latihan di pusat kebugaran. Hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan cross tabulation dan Chi square test menunjukkan tidak signifikannya pengaruh umur, jenis kelamin, dilatih oleh instruktur, lama dan frekuensi berlatih dengan timbulnya kejadian LBP dengan nilai p 0.05. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh antara umur, jenis kelamin, dilatih oleh instruktur, lama berlatih dan frekuensi berlatih dengan timbulnya kejadian LBP pada komunitas pusat kebugaran dan kejadian LBP yang cukup tinggi pada komunitas pusat kebugaran yaitu sebesar 40%.The prevalence of life long low back pain (LBP) is about 60-90% and approximately 30% athletes in the US ever suffered from acute LBP because of exercise effect they had practiced. Nowadays, fitness communities have been growing in Indonesia with so many exercises for keeping body shape or health. This study was performed to find out LBP demography in fitness centre communities in Yogyakarta. A cross sectional study design was employed and an observational approach was used for data collection. Population and subject selected were all of community member either male or female taken by purposive method. Based on the age, samples were divided into 3 groups i.e. group of 18-30, 31-50, and 50 years. This study was done in 3 community fitness centers i.e. Kartika Dewi Group, Lembah Fitness, and Bahtera Fitness Centre. A special questionnaire was used to collect the data and frequency distribution, cross-tabulation and Chi-Square test were used for statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis result showed 36 out of 90 subjects or 40% ever suffered from LBP following exercise in fitness center. Statistical analysis by using cross tabulation and Chi square test showed that the influence of age, gender, trained by instructor, duration and frequency of exercise on LBP incidence was not significant and the P value was 0.05. In conclusion, age, gender, trained by instructor, long duration and exercise frequency had no influence on LBP incidence in fitness center community. The LBP incidence was relatively high in fitness center community i.e. about 40% of the sample.

EFEK KEMOPREVENTIF EKSTRAK ETANOLIK BIJI JINTEN HITAM (NIGELA SATIVA) PADA TERJADINYA KANKER KULIT MENCIT STRAIN TERINDUKSI ULTRAVIOLET Nabawati Nurul Makiyah, Sri
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 24, No 2 (2016): MEI - AGUSTUS 2016
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33476/jky.v24i2.254

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek kemopreventif ekstrak etanolik biji N. sativa terhadap terjadinya kanker kulit mencit terinduksi sinar UV. Mencit galur Balb-C dicukur punggungnya hingga bersih. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok I-III diberi ekstrak etanolik biji N. sativa dengan dosis 100mg/kgBB, 200mg/kgBB, 400mg/kgBB, kontrol positif yang diinduksi kanker dengan UV, kontrol negatif yang tidak mendapat perlakuan, dan kontrol negatif diberi CMC (sebagai pelarut ekstrak). Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanolik biji N. sativa setelah pemaparan ultraviolet menurunkan insidensi kanker kulit mencit sebesar 5,3%-43,2%, menurunkan tumor multiplicity 45-55% tetapi secara statistik tidak signifikan, menunjukkan gambaran histopatologik kulit yang lebih baik, meningkatkan ekspresi p53 secara statistik berbeda signifikan.

PENGENDALIAN VEKTOR MALARIA AN. MACULATUS MENGGUNAKAN BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS H-14 GALUR LOKAL DI KECAMATAN KOKAP, KABUPATEN KULON PROGO, DIY Blondine Ch.P, Blondine Ch.P
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 13, No 1 (2005): JANUARI - APRIL 2005
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Biological control using bioinsecticide containing active Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 local strain had been done in the laboratory of the Vector and Reservoir Control Research Unit and in breeding ponds of Anopheles maculatus in Kokap district, Kulon Progo regency. The objectives of this study were:(1). To know the efficacy of B. thuringiensis H-14 local strain toward An. maculatus larvae in the laboratory. (2). To know the effectiveness of B. thuringiensis H-14 local strain at dosages of 1 x LC95, 5 x LC95 and 10 x LC95 toward An. maculatus larvae in the field. Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 local strain at dosages of 2.145 ppm (1 x LC95), 10.724 ppm (5 x LC95) and 21.448 ppm (10 x LC95) were applied to 8 ponds with the widths of ponds ranging from 0.08 ? 0.45 m2, 0.29 ? 0. 64 m2 and from 0.08 ? 0.79 m2 respectively. The results showed, that dosages of B. thuringiensis H-14 local strain after 24 hours were able to kill An. maculatus at percentages of 50%, 90% and 95% respectively, while after 48 hours the dosages were 7.74 ppm (LC50), 17.06 ppm (LC90) and 21.34 ppm (LC95) with the same ability to kill the larvae of the mosquitoes. The effectiveness of B. thuringiensis H-14 local strain dosages of 2.145 ppm(1 x LC95) toward An. maculatus larvae could read until 50% survival of the same time (7.35 days) as that of B. thuringiensis H-14 (8.14 days) at dosages of 10.724 ppm (5 x LC95). The effectiveness to kill of B.thuringiensis H-14 local strain at a dosage of 21.448 ppm (10xLC95) toward An. maculatus larvae until 50% which survive more longer after (16.21days) than B. thuringiensis H-14 local strain 1 x LC95 and 5 x LC95 The B.thuringiensis H-14 local strain was indeed effective for controlling mosquitoes larvae

DISFUNGSI TELOMER PADA PENYAKIT AUTOIMUN Purwaningsih, Endang
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 21, No 1 (2013): JANUARI - APRIL 2013
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Telomer merupakan bagian ujung kromosom yang terdiri atas nukleotida non koding dan berfungsi mencegah terjadinya aberasi kromosom. Pemendekan telomer pada setiap kali siklus replikasi sel berhubungan dengan proses penuaan sel. Proses penuaan akan meningkatkan resiko penyakit autoimun. Faktor genetik dapat memicu hilangnya telomer yang diikuti dengan berkembangnya penyakit autoimun. Beberapa penyakit autoimun seperti rematoid artritis (RA), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) atau lupus mengalami disfungsi telomer. Pada penderita SLE telomer sel-sel darahnya mengalami pemendekan bermakna terutama pada usia di bawah 45 tahun, yaitu sebesar 35 ? 40 bp pertahun, sedangkan usia di atas 60 tahun, pemendekan telomer kurang bermakna. Tetapi aktifitas telomerase sel-sel darah pada pasien SLE cukup tinggi. Pada penderita rematoid artritis, pemendekan telomer mulai terjadi pada usia 25 ? 40 tahun. Pada rematoid artritis HLA ?DR+ mengalami pemendekan telomer 26 bp lebih besar pertahun dibandingkan HLA-DR-. Telomer pada penderita rematoid artritis laki-laki lebih pendek daripada penderita perempuan. Reduksi panjang telomer tidak berhubungan dengan lamanya menderita rematoid tetapi dipengaruhi oleh genotip HLA-DRB1. Aktivitas telomerase sel T penderita rematoid rendah sehingga mempercepat apoptosis.Telomeres are the natural ends of linear chromosomes, consisting of non coding nucleotides and function to prevent chromosome abberation, whereas aging is considered as the effect of telomere shortening due to cell replication. In addition aging will increase the risk of autoimmune diseases. Genetic factor can trigger telomere loss, followed by the development of autoimmune diseases. Dysfuntion of telomeres occurs in some of autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Telomere in blood cells of SLE patient significantly shortened in those under 45 years old, around 35-40 bps per year. However, in patients above 60 years old, no significant different is observed. Regardless the age, telomerase activity in blood cells in SLE patient is quite high. Telomere shortening occurs at the age of 25-40 years in RA patients. In RA patients, telomere in HLA ?DR+ is shortened by 26 bp higher than HLA-DR- per year. RA male patients have shorter telomere than the female patients. Reduction of telomere length is not related with the period of rheumatic but affected by HLA-DRB1 genotype. Telomerase activity in T cells of RA patient are in ssufficent and lead to advance apoptosis.

POPULASI BAKTERI PADA TANAH BEKAS BUANGAN LIMBAH MERKURI TAMBANG EMAS DI KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW: PENELITIAN PENDAHULUAN Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Kepel, Billy; Yusuf, Irawan; Natsir, Rosdiana; Baharuddin, Fatmawaty
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 17, No 2 (2009): MEI - AGUSTUS 2009
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals found in nature. Athough adverse health effect of mercury have been known for a long time, exposure to mercury continues and is even increasing in some areas, for example, mercury is still used in gold mining in many parts of North Sulawesi Province. Most of the soil and aquatic bacteria that are continuously exposed to mercury usually develop a genetic adaptation to resist the toxicity of this compound. Bacteria have a specific operon called merOperon that functions to coordinate genes coding for proteins and enzymes involved in mercury disposal and detoxification. Therefore, this preliminary study aims to isolate and identify bacteria collected from gold mining area in the district of Bolaang Mongondow. Bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected from three locations of the gold mining waste disposal and the isolated bacteria were grown in agar media. Identification of the grown bacteria were then be performed using morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. The results showed that 36 bacteria were successfully isolated, of which, 11 isolates were gram positive bacteria and the remainders were gram negative. All isolates showed motility and all could be grouped into 4 species i.e. Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacea, and Enterobacter aerogenes.

EFIKASI FASE AIR EKSTRAK BIJI SRIKAYA (ANNONA SQUAMOSA, L.) SEBAGAI LARVISIDA TERHADAP LARVA NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI Sundari, Sri
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 13, No 1 (2005): JANUARI - APRIL 2005
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Mosquito-borne disease controle with chemical insecticide until now is still used although the risk to environmental polution and insect resistance is still high. WHO recommended to develop botanical insecticide vector control. The aim of this study is to asses the effect of water extract of sugar apple seed as larvicide against Aedes aegypti mosquito. In this study, the efficacy as a larvicide, applying several series of concentration (%, w/v) of the water extract of the sugar apple seed extract (WESAS) which were exposed to the larvae of Aedes aegypti for as long as 24 hours and the percentage of the mortality rate was examined by counting the larvae and analyzed according to the Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) conducting the probit analysis. The LC50 and LC90 (%,w/v) as larvicidal effects of water extract of the sugar apple (Annona squamosa L) showed a percentage of as high as 1,02% and 1,08% respectively. As a conclution could be drawn that WESAS, indeed had a larvicidal effect on Ae. aegypti.

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