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JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM)
Published by Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26550814     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Volume I Nomor 1 Periode Mei - Oktober Tahun 2018. Jurnal ini memberikan ruang bagi akademisi, peneliti dan pengguna hasil penelitian dan pengabdian untuk mendiseminasikan, menginformasikan, mendiskusikan dan menggunakan hasil penelitian dan pengabdian sebagai upaya meningkatkan kualitas kebijakan di bidang farmasi yang berbasis ilmiah dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Jurnal ini menyajikan hasil penelitian, pengabdian masyarakat serta artikel ilmiah di bidang farmasi.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 314 Documents
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The Effect of a Combination of Activated Carbon and Bentonite on Reducing COD, BOD, and TSS Levels in Tofu Industry Wastewater Aritonang, Barita; Ritonga, Ahmad Hafizullah; Harefa, Karnirius; Dicky Yuswardi Wiratma; herlina, herlina
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/cbxjb379

Abstract

Wastewater produced from tofu manufacturing typically contains substantial amounts of organic substances and suspended particles. The concentrations of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) frequently surpass the permissible thresholds established in the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry (Permen LHK) No. P.16 of 2019. Such high levels of pollutants may degrade water quality and pose risks to both aquatic ecosystems and public health in nearby areas. This study investigates the efficiency of combining activated carbon and bentonite, in both raw and activated forms, for reducing BOD, COD, and TSS concentrations in wastewater originating from tofu industries. The BOD test was performed using a five-day incubation at 24 °C, COD was analysed via the closed reflux method, and TSS was quantified using the gravimetric approach. Adsorbent characteristics were examined in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), supported by functional group analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and morphological observation with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that activation enhanced pore development and improved the adsorption capability of both materials. The combined activated carbon and bentonite effectively decreased BOD from 3,600 mg/L to 140 mg/L, COD from 1,500 mg/L to 185 mg/L, and TSS from 320 mg/L to 270 mg/L. All treated parameters met the regulatory quality standards, indicating that the activated mixture of these adsorbents provides an efficient and environmentally sound method for treating tofu processing wastewater.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity Test of N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, and Ethanol Extracts of Menteng Leaves (Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw.) Mull.Arg.) Against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli Tambunan, Ika Julianti; Yessi Febriani; Yufida Laia; Peronika Tampubolon; Sudewi
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/d6fm3g18

Abstract

Background: Infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans remain a global health problem. Since prolonged use of synthetic drugs can cause side effects and resistance, natural alternatives are needed. Menteng leaves (Baccaurea racemosa) contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids/terpenoids, and tannins, which have potential antimicrobial properties. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of menteng leaves against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. Method: The research was conducted experimentally through sample collection, simplicia preparation, successive maceration extraction, phytochemical screening, and antimicrobial testing using the agar well diffusion method. Results: From 500 g of simplicia, 10.5 g of n-hexane extract, 11.4 g of ethyl acetate extract, and 18 g of ethanol extract were obtained. Phytochemical screening showed that all three extracts contained different secondary metabolites, with the ethanol extract having the most complete profile. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed in the ethanol extract, with inhibition zones of 18.92 mm against S. aureus, 18.35 mm against E. coli, and 19.58 mm against C. albicans at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. Conclusion: These results indicate that the ethanol extract of menteng leaves has strong potential as a natural antibacterial and antifungal agent.
The Potential of Durian (Durio zibethinus) Fruit Peel Extract on Blood Pressure, SOD, and hsCRP Levels in Male Wistar Rats Harahap, Hasni Yaturramadhan; Pranata, Chandra
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/6fhzjm83

Abstract

Hypertension remains a major global health problem and is recognized as a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Its pathogenesis involves complex mechanisms, particularly oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. An imbalance between free radical production and endogenous antioxidant defense, especially the enzyme Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), leads to endothelial dysfunction and elevated blood pressure. In parallel, inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) play important roles in the progression of hypertension. Although conventional therapies are effective, they are often associated with side effects and long-term costs, prompting interest in alternative treatments derived from natural resources. Durian peel (Durio zibethinus), usually considered waste, is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study employed a true experimental design with a post-test control group using male Wistar rats induced with hypertension by L-NAME administration. Animals were randomized into five groups: negative control, positive control (captopril), and three treatment groups with different extract doses. Assessments included blood pressure measurement, SOD activity, IL-6, and hs-CRP levels. Results demonstrated that durian peel extract contained an average flavonoid level of 16.27 mg QE/g with moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 88.90 µg/mL). The highest dose (800 mg/kgBW) reduced blood pressure by 14.2 ± 3.90 mmHg, approaching the effect of captopril (15.03 ± 6.30 mmHg). Moreover, SOD activity increased, IL-6 levels declined at medium to high doses, and hs-CRP levels decreased significantly, nearly comparable to the positive control. In conclusion, durian peel extract shows potential as an antihypertensive agent through mechanisms involving enhanced antioxidant defense and reduced systemic inflammation.
Administration of Etlingera hemisphaerica Fruit Juice on the Recovery of Glucose Levels Due to HgCl₂ Treatment in Mice (Mus musculus ) Davina Shava Ferlia; Aceng Ruyani; Deni Parlindungan; Annisa Puji Astuti; Afrizal Mayub
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/20j17j97

Abstract

Background: Fruit juice is highly needed nowadays due to its effectiveness as a source rich in antioxidants.Research Objective: This study aims to reduce glucose levels caused by the administration of HgCl₂, which is neurotoxic and cytotoxic, capable of damaging pancreatic β-cells that produce insulin. Etlingera hemisphaerica was utilized as a potential solution because it contains compounds such as terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, and polyphenols that can lower glucose levels by maintaining the normal function of pancreatic β-cells. Method: This study applied a true experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design, involving measurements taken before and after treatment. The subjects were divided into three test groups K1, K2, and K3 each consisting of three Mus musculus , with a total of nine mice. Results: The administration of Etlingera hemisphaerica Fruit Fresh Drink (MSBE) did not show a significant effect in reducing blood glucose levels in Mus musculus  induced with HgCl₂. Conclusion: The secondary metabolites contained in E. hemisphaerica  have not yet been able to repair or maintain blood glucose levels under conditions of damage caused by HgCl₂ exposure.
Antibacterial Activity Test of 96% Ethanol Extract of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Against the Growth of StreptococcusPneumoniae Bacteria Harry Nugraha Bachtiar; Irna Diyana Kartika Kamaluddin; Iin Widya Ningsi; Adriani; Dwi Anggita
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/6z84gr80

Abstract

Abstract Background: Pneumonia is an infectious disease with a high global prevalence that contributes significantly to mortality in children and adults. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum), a traditional Indonesian medicinal plant, has been identified as having antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Some of its natural constituents, such as flavonoids, have shown antimicrobial activity with a low toxicity profile. Therefore, the phytochemical content in red ginger is assumed to be able to combat Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, which is one of the main etiologies of Pneumonia. Objective: Evaluating the potential of 96% ethanol extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) as an antimicrobial agent in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Method: This study applied a true experimental approach with a post-test design to evaluate the effectiveness of 96% ethanol extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) as an agent that inhibits the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. The method used was the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). Results: The study showed that the ethanol extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) exhibited antibacterial activity; however, its effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae was not significant.Conclusion: The 96% ethanol extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) demonstrated resistance, showing only minimal inhibitory activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae. This condition contrasts with the positive control, chloramphenicol, which produced a significant inhibition zone and was categorized as sensitive. Therefore, the effectiveness of red ginger extract in inhibiting the growth of this bacterium is considerably lower than that of chloramphenicol.
Lymphocyte Level Profile Between Active and Inactive Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Receiving Methylprednisolon Therapy Kurniawan, Rudi erwin
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/pwmsfc33

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and excessive lymphocyte activation, requiring accurate monitoring of disease activity. This study aimed to analyze the differences in lymphocyte levels between active and inactive SLE patients receiving methylprednisolone therapy. The methodology involved measuring lymphocyte counts from patients’ venous blood samples, followed by classification based on the MEX-SLEDAI score as an indicator of disease activity. Data were then analyzed to determine significant differences between the two groups. The results demonstrated that patients with active SLE had significantly lower lymphocyte counts (mean 838.35/μL) compared to inactive patients (mean 1957.65/μL). These findings indicate that a decrease in lymphocyte levels is closely associated with higher disease activity, suggesting that lymphocyte count may serve as a potential indicator of SLE activity. In conclusion, lymphocyte levels can be considered a useful parameter for assessing disease activity in SLE patients undergoing methylprednisolone therapy. This study provides valuable insight for clinical diagnosis and disease activity monitoring. Times New Roman 9 pt and single space. The abstract should contain the background, objectives, methodology, results, and conclusions. The abstract should contain background, objectives, methodology, results, and conclusions and be written in each opening paragraph. The abstract should not contain tables/images without including a citation. The use of abbreviations should be minimum except for units. Objectives and methodology are arranged in the form of past tense, while the results and conclusions in the form of simple present tense.
Evaluation of the Physical Stability of Body Butter Containing Cocoa Peel Extract (Theobroma cacao L.) Hanapi, Muzdalifah Rizqa R; Febrianika Ayu Kusumaningtyas; Ria Rezki Botutihe
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/7b6v6k12

Abstract

Skin is the outermost part of the human body that interacts directly with the environment, which is one of the risk factors that cause dry skin. Brown skin (Theobroma cacao L.) contains one of the compounds, namely polyphenols which are grouped as a type of flavonoid that can protect the skin from compounds that cause dry skin, sides, dullness, and wrinkles. This study aims to formulate body butter with variations in the concentration of 1% (F1), 3% (F2), 5% (F3) chocolate skin extract which is then tested for physical properties including organoleptical, pH, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, and stability using centrifugation. The results showed that cocoa bark extract (Theobroma cacao L.) body butter preparation was not stable in storage for approximately 1 year but remained stable in storage for less than 6 months.
Cream Formulation of Ampelas Twig Extract (Tetracera macrophylla Wall. Ex Hook.f. & Thomson) as a Wound Healer Ladeska, Vera; Nabela, Trisantia; Efendi, Kriana
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/y0n7tx23

Abstract

The island of Kalimantan is where the native Indonesian plant known as ampelas originated. The twigs of this plant offer a variety of pharmacological properties, including the ability to treat fever, gout, and diabetes, according to scientific and empirical research. In order to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of ampelas twig ethyl acetate extract in the healing phase of open wounds, this study was conducted. A cream containing ethyl acetate extract of ampelas twigs at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6% was applied to the wounds of male Wistar strain white rats in five groups: group I was the negative control, group II was the positive control hydrocortisone 2.5 percent, and groups III, IV, and V were the test animal models. Until the fourteenth day, the rats' backs were shaved, wounds were formed to the dermis layer, and the wounds were treated and monitored for shrinking. ANOVA statistical analysis revealed that the proportion of open wound healing varied significantly between test groups. The Tukey test revealed that ampelas twig ethyl acetate extract at a concentration of 6% could heal wounds on par with the positive control. For all test groups, the best time to heal open wounds was on day 14.
Drug Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension Patients at RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin, Banda Aceh Saragi, Sahat; Fitriana, Ruhul
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/34ygtz72

Abstract

DM(DM) is one of the diseases with a high prevalence. Indonesia ranks fifth in the world, contributing 90–95% of all diabetes cases through type 2 DM. This study aimed to identify the characteristics (age, gender, education, occupation), number of medications used, potential drug interactions, severity level of drug interactions, and the association between the number of medications and the potential for drug interactions. This was an observational study with a descriptive quantitative design and retrospective data collection. The sample consisted of 349 patients who met the inclusion criteria: patients with type 2 DM and hypertension, aged ≥18 years, receiving outpatient care at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital in 2021, and using at least one type 2 DM drug and one antihypertensive drug. The results showed that most patients were aged 56–65 years (36%), male (53.6%), had senior high school education or equivalent (46.4%), and worked as civil servants (25.8%). A total of 56.2% of patients used ≥5 medications. The most commonly used antidiabetic drug was insulin (66.44%), the most common antihypertensive was ARB (37.95%), cardiovascular prevention was dominated by statins (87.24%), and the most frequently used non-antidiabetic and non-antihypertensive drug was PPI (25.19%). A total of 92.8% of patients experienced potential drug interactions, with 1,250 total interactions. The majority were of moderate severity (85.8%) with a pharmacodynamic mechanism (78.8%). The most frequent potential interaction occurred between amlodipine and atorvastatin (3.68%). Chi-square test results showed a statistically significant relationship between the number of medications used and the potential risk of drug interactions.
Antipyretic Activity Test of 70% Ethanol Extract of Red Andong Leaves (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Chev) in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Jawa La, Elisabeth Oriana; Salma, Cut Asyifa Baezura Mangkurat; Ni Ketut Esati; Repining Tiyas Sawiji
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/cjzzj881

Abstract

Introduction: Fever is a common health problem that can cause discomfort and may lead to serious complications. One alternative treatment for fever is the use of herbal plants that have been proven to possess antipyretic effects, such as red to plant leaves (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev). Objective: To evaluate the secondary metabolite content and assess the antipyretic activity of 70% ethanol extract of red ti plant leaves in male Wistar rats induced with fever using 5% peptone. Methodology: This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatment groups: a negative control group (1% Na-CMC), a positive control group (paracetamol at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW), and three test groups receiving 70% ethanol extract of red ti plant leaves at doses of 1,200 mg/kgBW, 1,800 mg/kgBW, and 2,400 mg/kgBW. Antipyretic activity was assessed by measuring the reduction in body temperature of the test animals, expressed as a percentage of antipyretic power, and statistically analyzed to evaluate the antipyretic effect of the extract. Results: The study showed that the 70% ethanol extract of red to plant leaves tested positive for flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which are potential antipyretic compounds. Additionally, the extract demonstrated significant antipyretic activity, as indicated by a notable reduction in the body temperature of the test animals. All three doses of the extract resulted in a temperature decrease, with the 2,400 mg/kgBW dose showing the most optimal antipyretic effect, approaching the effectiveness of paracetamol as the positive control. Conclusion: The 70% ethanol extract of red ti plant leaves has been proven to exhibit antipyretic activity, with the 2,400 mg/kgBW dose demonstrating an effect comparable to paracetamol. The extract also contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, phenol, terpenoids and saponins.

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