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JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM)
Published by Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26550814     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Volume I Nomor 1 Periode Mei - Oktober Tahun 2018. Jurnal ini memberikan ruang bagi akademisi, peneliti dan pengguna hasil penelitian dan pengabdian untuk mendiseminasikan, menginformasikan, mendiskusikan dan menggunakan hasil penelitian dan pengabdian sebagai upaya meningkatkan kualitas kebijakan di bidang farmasi yang berbasis ilmiah dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Jurnal ini menyajikan hasil penelitian, pengabdian masyarakat serta artikel ilmiah di bidang farmasi.
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Articles 237 Documents
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Antioxidant Potential of the Asteraceae Family in Counteracting Free Radicals in Cigarette Smoke: An Overview Azali, Aulia Syafadilla; Rajab, Muhammad Andy; Lathifah, Sofiani; Akrom
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/4vbm3x10

Abstract

Cigarette smoke exposure triggers oxidative stress in the respiratory system through an increase in free radicals and a decrease in endogenous antioxidant activity, which contributes to lung damage and chronic diseases such as COPD and lung cancer. This study aims to investigate the potential of species from the Asteraceae family as a source of natural antioxidants in protecting the lungs and trachea from damage caused by exposure to free radicals in cigarette smoke. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with reference to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted systematically through the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases until June 2025. The inclusion criteria included in vivo studies using Asteraceae plant extracts in animals with induced oxidative stress in the respiratory system, as well as involving the measurement of biomarkers such as MDA, GSH, SOD, and CAT. Of the 198 articles found, 10 articles met the criteria and included species such as Tridax procumbens, Chromolaena odorata, Pulicaria petiolaris, and Baccharis retusa. The results showed that these species had significant antioxidant activity through their flavonoid, polyphenol, and triterpenoid compound content. However, most studies did not use a direct cigarette smoke exposure model. In conclusion, the Asteraceae family has great potential as a source of natural antioxidants to protect the respiratory system from oxidative stress, although further research with more relevant exposure models is needed. Toxicology and metabolomics approaches are also needed to strengthen the evidence for practical application in the treatment of lung diseases caused by cigarette smoke.
Gastroprotective Effectiveness Test of 70% Ethanol Extract of Karamunting Leaves on White Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Rangkuti, Saru Noliqo; Nuraini, Nuraini; Melisa
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/1w27kw61

Abstract

Background: Gastritis is a health disorder in digestion, especially the stomach. Treatment of gastritis can be cured by using medicinal plants which are thought to have compounds that are efficacious as gastroprotective. The karamunting plant is one of the biodiversity that must be developed because the karamunting plant has one of the properties as a gastroprotective. Karamunting, among others, has various kinds of ingredients such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and triterpenoids which are useful as herbal medicines. Objective: This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites, determine the effectiveness of healing gastritis in rats and determine what dose of 70% ethanol extract of karamunting leaves has the effectiveness of gastroprotective healing in rats. Method: Test animals were divided into 6 groups consisting of group I negative control CMC 0.5%; group II positive control of 500mg/5ml sucralfate; group III induction control 1000mg/kgBB; groups IV, V, VI 70% ethanol extract of karamunting leaves at a dose of 20mg/200g BW of rats, a dose of 40mg/200g BW of rats and a dose of 60mg/200g BW of rats. After the treatment, the animals were dissected and the stomach was observed macroscopically. Result: Data were analyzed with the Kruskal Wallis test, and followed by the Mann-Whitney test. The results of this study showed that 70% ethanol extract of karamunting leaves has effectiveness as a gastroprotective. A dose of 20mg/200gBW rats has a % protection value of 76%, a dose of 40mg/200gBW rats has a % protection value of 75%, and a dose of 60mg/200gBW rats has a % protection value of 100%. Statistical test results showed that there was a significant difference in each group on gastroprotective effectiveness (p <0.05). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was that the 70% ethanol extract of caramunting leaves had the most optimal gastroprotective effectiveness at dose III, namely 60mg/200gBW rats.
Formulation and Evaluation of Body Lotion Preparation from Ethanol Extract of Avocado Leaves (Persea americana Mill.) as Antioxidant with DPPH Method Simanjuntak, Putri Nuraimun; Herlina , Herlina; Aritonang, Barita; Harahap, Hasni Yaturramadhan
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/hf00qs72

Abstract

Skin damage is a common problem that can affect appearance and health. Excessive exposure to free radicals from UV rays is one of the main causes of skin damage, the use of body lotions containing natural antioxidant compounds is very important to protect the skin from these effects. Avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) have been known to contain antioxidant chemicals that are good for skin protection, one of which is flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to determine whether avocado leaf body lotion preparations can function as antioxidants and to develop body lotion preparations that meet the evaluation test requirements. The research stages included the preparation of simple drugs, the preparation of avocado leaf extract, the test of antioxidant functional groups with UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, the preparation of avocado leaf ethanol extract body lotion, the evaluation of body lotion preparations, and the testing of antioxidant activity of body lotions using the DPPH method. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. Avocado leaf extract body lotion was formulated in four concentration variations (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). All formulas meet SNI, with a pH of 7 and a spreadability of between 5-7 cm. Antioxidant activity tests showed a decreasing IC50 value with increasing extract concentration: 12.4643 µg/mL (2%), 4.6300 µg/mL (4%), and 1.1065 µg/mL (6%), which are categorized as very strong. The formulation with a concentration of 6% showed stronger activity. The conclusion of this study indicates that lotion made from avocado leaf extract has the potential as a skin care product with very strong antioxidant capabilities.
Antibacterial Activity of Cananga Extract (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.F. & Thomson) Against Streptococcus Mutans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacteria Purwa Hita, I Putu Gede Adi; Budhi Setiawan, Putu Yudhistira; Wintariani, Ni Putu; anggarini, Dewi
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/nyc2kg76

Abstract

Background: Streptococcus mutans is a gram-positive bacterium commonly found in the oral cavity, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that can form biofilms. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of 96% ethanol extract of ylang-ylang flowers (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson) against S. mutans and P. aeruginosa using the disk diffusion method. Methods: This was an experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Results: The test results showed that ylang-ylang flower extract exhibited antibacterial activity against S. mutans with an average zone at a 40% concentration of 16.6 ± 2.5 mm, categorized as strong. Meanwhile, against P. aeruginosa, the average inhibition zone at a 40% concentration was 7.2 ± 2.2 mm, categorized as moderate. Phytochemical analysis showed that kenanga flower extract contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, monoterpenes, and alkaloids. Conclusion: 96% ethanol extract of kenanga flowers effectively inhibits the growth of S. mutans and P. aeruginosa at a concentration of 40%. These results indicate that kenanga has potential as a natural antibacterial source for development in the pharmaceutical field.
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Based Gel as Patchouli Oil Delivery : Physical Characteristic and In Vivo Skin Irritation Test Mayangsari, Fransisca Dita; Aditya Sindu Sakti; Merry Anggelya Mentari
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/vc33d509

Abstract

Patchouli oil (PO) contained patchoulol, which has antioxidant activity, making it a valuable ingredient in anti-aging products. However, this oil is volatile and chemically unstable. Therefore, it needs to be formulated into a Nanostructured Lipid Carriers based gel (NBG). This study aims to observe the effect of PO’s concentration on the physical characteristics and skin irritation of NBG preparations. NBG consists of 50% NLC and 50% gel. There are three formulas observed in this study, namely NBG-0 (0% PO), NBG-2 (2% PO), NBG-4 (4% PO). NLC prepared using the High Shear Homogenization method. Based on the physical characteristics test, it is known that all formulas have differences in the aroma aspect, where NBG-0 odorless, while NBG-2 and NBG-4 have a patchouli scent. All formula do not have differences in color and consistency. All formula have a pH in the range of 5.92 - 6.21. Statistically, increasing the concentration of PO decreases the pH of NBG. The three formulas have a viscosity in the range of 4.493 - 9.880 cP. Statistically, viscosity of NBG increasased by increasing concentration of PO. Based on in vivo skin irritation tests using white mice, it is known that all formulas have the same IIP (Primary Irritation Index) value. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the concentration of PO (0%, 2%, 4%) affects the aroma, pH and viscosity aspects but does not affect the color and consistency of NBG. Increasing the PO concentration in NBG up to 4% did not cause skin irritation.
Isolation and Structural Analysis of Active Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds from Elephantopus mollis Kunth Verawati, Verawati; Almahdy, Almahdy; Febriyenti, Febriyenti; Prima Putra, Deddi
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/a2hcyr24

Abstract

Elephantopus mollis is a common weed found in West Sumatra, known for its diverse traditional uses and rich phytochemical content. This study aimed to isolate phenolic compounds and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the polar extract of E. mollis herb. The polar extract was obtained through successive extraction using solvents of increasing polarity. Separation of the polar extract was carried out using Amberlite XAD-4 resin chromatography with methanol and water eluents, followed by isolation through silica gel column chromatography using a step-gradient polarity elution system. The separation and isolation processes were monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Structural identification of the isolated compound was performed using UV-Vis, IR, NMR, and LC-MS spectroscopic techniques. Subfraction D of the polar extract exhibited a high phenolic content of 618.06 ± 3.38 mg GAE /g. From subfraction D, a phenolic compound designated D3a was isolated as a yellowish-white powder (95.30 mg) with an Rf value of 0.64, producing a dark blue color upon reaction with 10% FeCl₃. The antioxidant activity of compound D3a was classified as very strong, with an IC₅₀ value of 12.42 ppm. Based on physicochemical characterization, compound D3a was identified as caffeic acid with a molecular formula of C₉H₈O₄ and a molecular weight of 180.049.
Development and Method Validation of HPLC Method as an Key Method in the Analysis of Olopatadine HCl Handoyo, Theodorus Rexa; Djohansah, Violetta; Arbah, Windy Annisa
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/68pp3f94

Abstract

Olopatadine hydrochloride (HCl) is a widely used second-generation antihistamine, and its accurate quantification is critical to ensure product quality and therapeutic efficacy. Reliable analytical methods are therefore essential for regulatory compliance and routine quality control. This study aimed to develop and validate a simple and robust high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of olopatadine HCl in pharmaceutical samples. The method was validated in accordance with USP <1225>, AOAC, and ICH Q2(R1) guidelines, with evaluation of key parameters including linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity, and system suitability. The validation outcomes confirmed that the method provided strong linearity across the tested range, acceptable recovery values, excellent repeatability, and sufficient sensitivity for low-level detection. Overall, the developed HPLC method proved to be accurate, precise, selective, and reliable. Its simplicity and cost-effectiveness make it particularly suitable for routine quality control of olopatadine HCl in research and pharmaceutical industry laboratories.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Two or Three Dosage Forms of N-Acetylcysteine in ICU Patients with Pneumonia July; Rahayu, Sri Teguh; Khairani, Aura Febri
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/s13m6d29

Abstract

Background: Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung tissue caused by various microorganisms, exposure to chemicals, or physical lung damage. The mucolytic N-acetylcysteine (NAC), administered in varying numbers of dosage forms, is frequently used as an adjunctive therapy in the management of pneumonia. Objective: This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) mucolytic therapy using two versus three NAC dosage forms in ICU patients with comorbid pneumonia, by analyzing clinical improvement, ICU length of stay, and drug costs. Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Prof. Dr. dr. Mahar Mardjono National Brain Center Hospital, involving medical record data from 88 pneumonia patients, who received two or three NAC dosage forms. Result: Of the patients, 51.1% had a length of stay (LOS) exceeding 9 days, with a higher proportion in the three-dosage-form group (73.7% vs. 45.0%, P = 0.083). Medical records and radiological findings indicated greater clinical improvement in the three-dosage-form group (31.6% vs. 16.0%, P = 0.001). The Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) was Rp20,932 for two dosage forms and Rp27,961 for three dosage forms per 1% effectiveness, demonstrating a lower cost per unit of effectiveness for two dosage forms. The Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) was Rp35,169 per 1% additional effectiveness, with an additional cost of Rp548,637 for a 15.6% effectiveness increase in the three-dosage-form group. Conclusion: Therapy with three dosage forms of N-acetylcysteine yields better clinical improvement compared to two dosage forms, but is associated with a longer ICU length of stay and higher drug costs.
The Relationship of Risk Factors for Medication Error in the Electronic Prescription Prescribing Phase in the Outpatient Pharmacy Installationof Hospital X Sekar Pratiwi, Arum; Endah Lestari, Yovita; Annisa Primadiamanti
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/80vdkc63

Abstract

Backrgound: Medication errors are avoidable drug misuse incidents that occur during the drug administration process. Medication errors occur at various stages, such as writing a prescription (prescribing), translating a prescription (transcribing), providing and compounding medication (dispensing) and administering medication (administration. Prescribing errors are the most common type of error found in prescription services. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the percentage of medication errors in the prescribing phase of electronic prescriptions and the relationship between prescription characteristics, including the clinic where the prescription was issued, the type of drug, and the number of drugs, with the occurrence of medication errors. Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective, non-experimental, observational cross-sectional study. The study used electronic prescription data from outpatient pharmacy installations from January to February 2025, with a total of 400 samples. A description of medication error events and an analysis of the relationship between variables were performed using the Chi-Square test. Results: The results showed that medication errors in administrative requirements were 100%, pharmaceutical requirements were 69.5%, and clinical requirements were 80%. There was a significant association between polyclinic origin of prescription and medication error in pharmaceutical and clinical requirements (p-value < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between drug type and medication error in pharmaceutical and clinical requirements (p-value < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between the number of drugs and medication errors in pharmaceutical and clinical requirements (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: This study reveals a relationship between risk factors, including the polyclinic origin of the prescription, type of drug, and number of drugs, and the occurrence of medication errors in the prescribing phase.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of (Acalypha indica L.) Leaves as a Treatment for Gastric Ulcers in Male Rattus norvegicus Rats Wulandari, Suci; Hasni Yaturramadhan Harahap; Rinanda Desela Br Tambunan; Basyariah Lubis
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/bvmsms48

Abstract

Acalypha indica L., commonly known as Indian copperleaf, is a wild medicinal plant typically found along roadsides and in gardens. Its leaves contain various bioactive compounds, including saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. Traditionally, the plant has been used for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, which help combat oxidative stress caused by free radicals. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ethanol extract of Acalypha indica L. leaves in treating gastric ulcers in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research was a true experimental study involving the extraction of Acalypha indica L. leaves using ethanol, preparation of the extract suspension, and induction of gastric ulcers in rats using aspirin at a dose of 800 mg/kg body weight (BW) administered orally. A total of 30 male Rattus norvegicus rats were divided into six groups. Three control groups is Ulcer control, Negative control, Positive control. Three treatment groups receiving ethanol extract of Acalypha indica leaves (EEAIL) at doses of: EEDAA 50 mg/kgBB, EEDAA100 mg/kg BB, EEDAA 200 mg/kgBB. Ulcer induction was carried out daily until surgical examination was performed on days 4, 9, and 14. Macroscopic observations of the stomach were conducted to assess the number of ulcers and ulcer scores. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test to determine significant differences between groups. Macroscopic examination showed that the ethanol extract of Acalypha indica leaves (EEAIL) reduced the number of gastric ulcers. Complete healing of ulcers was observed in the positive control group, as well as in the groups receiving EEAIL at 200 mg/kg BW and 100 mg/kg BW, by day 14. In contrast, the 50 mg/kg BW group and the ulcer control group showed no signs of healing by the end of the observation period. The most effective dose was 200 mg/kg BW, demonstrating the highest capacity to reduce the number of gastric ulcers.

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