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Asian Journal of Agriculture
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25804537     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Aims and Scope Asian Journal of Agriculture encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects to optimizing the quality and quantity of both plant and animal yield and final products, including agricultural economics and management, agricultural engineering and mechanization, agronomy and crop science, fish breeding, poultry breeding, plants and animals breeding, biotechnology, molecular biology, genetic diversity and breeding, food science and technology, land resources, land use, and remote sensing, plant pathology and pest management, microbiology, virology and bacteriology, organic agriculture, ecology and ecophysiology, physiology and nutrition, post-harvest technology, soil sciences, soilless culture, tissue culture technology, phytoremediation, and water management.
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Articles 60 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)" : 60 Documents clear
Sustainable development goals and agricultural service subscriptions: Consumer behaviors in Cebu, Philippines GARCES, JAKE JOSHUA C.
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100101

Abstract

Abstract. Garces JJC. 2026. Sustainable development goals and agricultural service subscriptions: Consumer behaviors in Cebu, Philippines. Asian J Agric 10: g100101. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100101 As the Philippines faces growing challenges in food insecurity and unsustainable consumption, this study explores why many Cebuano consumers who support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are not actively participating in agricultural subscription services. These services, which connect consumers directly with local farmers, offer a promising way to promote sustainable food systems. Through a survey of 488 respondents across Cebu Island, the study identified three types of consumers: (i) General subscribers, (ii) Price-conscious consumers, and (iii) Quality-focused consumers. General subscribers showed the strongest sustainability alignment, with 58% actively minimizing food waste, compared to 29% of price-conscious consumers and 34% of quality-focused consumers, while regression and chi-square results identified age group, marital status, and education level as significant determinants of subscription. These findings conclude that consumer subscription behaviors are shaped not only by affordability and product quality considerations but also by the degree of alignment with sustainability values, emphasizing that stronger integration of SDG-oriented practices corresponds to more consistent participation in agricultural subscription services.
Weeds in oil palm plantations and their antifungal activity against Ganoderma boninense SINONG, GRACE FLAVYELIZ; SAHRIR, MUHD ARIF SHAFFIQ; YUSOFF, NORNASUHA; ADIWENA, MUH; ALI, NUSAIBAH SYD; IBRAHIM, MOHAMAD HILMI; AWANG, AZWAN; RAKIB, MOHD. RASHID MOHD.
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100102

Abstract

Abstract. Sinong GF, Sahrir MAS, Yusoff N, Adiwena M, Ali NS, Ibrahim MH, Awang A, Rakib MRM. 2026. Weeds in oil palm plantations and their antifungal activity against Ganoderma boninense. Asian J Agric 10: g100102. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100102. Basal Stem Rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense remains the most destructive disease of oil palm, threatening global palm oil production. Current management strategies have proven largely ineffective in providing long-term disease control, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable approaches based on natural bioactive compounds. Plant-derived metabolites represent a promising alternative due to their natural antifungal properties, environmental safety, and potential compatibility with integrated disease management systems. Weeds, in particular, are often resilient to pathogens and may serve as unexplored reservoirs of bioactive compounds with antifungal potential. The present study aimed to identify weed species associated with healthy oil palm trees and evaluate their extracts’ in vitro antifungal properties against G. boninense. Three weed species, namely Hoya carnosa (W16), Ischaemum muticum (W18), and Polygala paniculata (W19), were found exclusively in association with healthy oil palm trees. Their crude extracts were evaluated in vitro against G. boninense using solvents of varying polarity. Among them, P. paniculata exhibited the strongest antifungal activity, with both aerial and below-ground parts showing pronounced inhibition. Below-ground part extracts consistently outperformed aerial parts, particularly when extracted with methanol, which yielded the highest inhibition and lowest EC50 values, suggesting a higher concentration of bioactive metabolites in root tissues. The observed antifungal efficacy correlated with solvent polarity, emphasizing the importance of targeted extraction in isolating effective phytochemicals. These findings indicate that P. paniculata, especially its methanolic root extract, represents a promising source of natural antifungal compounds. The study highlights the potential of weed plants as unconventional reservoirs of bioactive metabolites and provides a foundation for developing eco-friendly, broad-spectrum fungicides to combat G. boninense, thereby advancing sustainable disease management in oil palm plantations.
Growth and mycoremediation activity of Panaeolus antillarum on lead-contaminated coconut water media BUSTILLOS, REYNANTE G.
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100104

Abstract

Abstract. Bustillos RG. 2026. Growth and mycoremediation activity of Panaeolus antillarum on lead-contaminated coconut water media. Asian J Agric 10: g100104. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100104. This study investigated the mycoremediation potential of lead (Pb) using the coprophilous mushroom Panaeolus antillarum cultivated in solid and liquid coconut water media. Mycelial growth performance, including mycelial diameter, dry biomass, and volume loss, was evaluated under different Pb concentrations of 1 ppm, 10 ppm, 100 ppm, and 1000 ppm using coconut water gulaman as solid medium and coconut water as liquid medium. In addition, Pb accumulation in the mycelia was quantified to assess bioaccumulation capacity. Statistical analysis showed that the highest mycelial diameter and thickness were recorded at 1 ppm Pb (77.0 mm), which was not significantly different from the control without Pb (79.50 mm). In contrast, no substantial mycelial growth was observed at 1000 ppm Pb, indicating strong inhibitory effects at high metal concentration. Among all Pb-contaminated treatments, the 1 ppm medium produced the highest mycelial biomass (1.82 g) and volume loss (8.52 mL). Maximum Pb bioaccumulation was significantly recorded at 100 ppm (268 mg/kg), whereas lower accumulation capacity was observed at reduced Pb concentrations, particularly at 1 ppm (11.0 mg/kg). Notably, the detectable Pb content in mycelia grown at 1000 ppm was attributed mainly to passive adsorption rather than active uptake, as excessive Pb levels severely suppressed biomass production. Overall, the observed tolerance to Pb stress and the ability to accumulate Pb indicate that P. antillarum exhibits substantial heavy metal resistance and mycoaccumulation potential, supporting its applicability in mycoremediation strategies for Pb-contaminated substrates.
Rhizosphere microbial functional traits associated with basal stem rot suppression in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) RAMDAN, EVAN PURNAMA; GIYANTO, GIYANTO; HARTONO, ARIEF; HIDAYAT, SRI HENDRASTUTI; WIDODO, WIDODO
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100105

Abstract

Abstract. Ramdan EP, Giyanto, Hartono A, Hidayat SH, Widodo. 2026. Rhizosphere microbial functional traits associated with basal stem rot suppression in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100105. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100105. This study aimed to investigate the abundance, diversity, and functional characteristics of rhizospheric microbial communities associated with different levels of Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease incidence in oil palm plantations, with the understanding that the observed relationships represent associations rather than causal effects. Rhizospheric microbial communities play an essential role in soil health and disease suppression in oil palm plantations. Fifteen composite soil samples were collected from three field blocks with low, moderate, and high BSR incidence in the Rejosari Unit, PT Perkebunan Nusantara VII, Lampung, Indonesia. Microbial populations were quantified using standard plate counts, while diversity indices were assessed using the Shannon-Wiener, evenness, and dominance indices based on morphospecies counts. The results showed that total microbial, bacterial, and fungal populations were significantly higher in soils with low disease incidence (4.99×10⁷, 4.94×10⁷, and 5.18×10⁵ CFU g-¹, respectively) compared to moderate and high categories. Soils with low BSR incidence also exhibited greater microbial and bacterial diversity (H′=1.07 and 0.74) and lower dominance, indicating a more balanced community structure. Non-pathogenic, antagonistic, and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)-producing microbes predominated in low-incidence soils, contributing to natural disease suppression. LASSO regression identified VOC-producing and antagonistic microbes as predictors associated with BSR incidence, whereas correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association only for VOC-producing microbes (r=-0.60, p=0.02). Nitrogen-fixing microbes were positively associated with disease severity (r=0.63, p=0.01). Although causality was not tested, the results suggest that reduced BSR incidence was more closely associated with specific functional microbial groups, particularly VOC-producing microbes, than with overall microbial abundance or diversity, emphasizing that soil management strategies that support beneficial functional microbial groups may contribute to enhanced soil resilience.
SWOT-AHP analysis of youth participation in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, palm sugar agroforestry ERNAWATI, ERNAWATI; SYAHIDAH, SYAHIDAH; MUJETAHID, A.
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100103

Abstract

Abstract. Ernawati, Syahidah, Mujetahid A. 2026. SWOT-AHP analysis of youth participation in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, palm sugar agroforestry. Asian J Agric 10: g100103. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100103. Youth disengagement from agroforestry-based livelihoods threatens the continuity of palm sugar production and the broader non-timber forest product economy in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study examines factors influencing youth participation in palm sugar agroforestry and prioritizes actionable strategies to strengthen youth engagement in the Universitas Hasanuddin Educational Forest (KHDTK) landscape. Data were collected through household surveys, semi-structured expert interviews, and field observations in Rompegading and Limapoccoe Villages. An integrated SWOT-AHP approach was applied to (i) identify internal and external factors shaping youth participation, (ii) formulate strategic alternatives, and (iii) rank strategies based on expert judgments and derived priority weights. The results highlight that the most influential strategic priorities focus on value-added product innovation and the expansion of digital/social-media marketing, supported by capacity building and institutional strengthening to improve product quality, coordination, and market access. Taken together, the results suggest that palm sugar agroforestry becomes more appealing to young people when it is framed as a market-oriented agribusiness, with roles beyond traditional production such as product development, branding, and online customer engagement. The prioritized strategy package provides practical guidance for local stakeholders. It highlights targeted, youth-focused interventions that upgrade palm sugar enterprises and strengthen the attractiveness and viability of agroforestry-based livelihoods.
Physiological responses of Hiyung chili to different animal manures under acid sulfate soil conditions ABDILLAH, MUHAMMAD HELMY; LUKMANA, MILA; RAHMAWATI, LINDA; ISWAHYUDI, HERRY; INDAYATY, AMIRILIA; INDRIANI, INDRIANI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100109

Abstract

Abstract. Abdillah MH, Lukmana M, Rahmawati L, Iswahyudi H, Indayaty A, Indriani. 2026. Physiological responses of Hiyung chili to different animal manures under acid sulfate soil conditions. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100109. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100109. Acid sulfate soils are marginal lands characterized by low pH, high saturation with Fe and Al, and poor nutrient availability. This study evaluated the effects of four types of animal manure-chicken, swiftlet, goat, and cattle-at five dosage levels (100-500 g) on Hiyung chili growth and yield, conducted from January to July 2024 at Politeknik Hasnur, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 80 experimental units. Manures were composted aerobically, and dolomite was applied to plants. The data collected included plant height, leaf number, flower number, mature fruit count, fruit weight, and dry biomass, which were analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT at a 5% significance level. Chicken manure exhibited the most consistent and significant dose-response effects on the growth and yield of Hiyung chili pepper, with the 300 g dose increasing plant height, leaf number, flower number, fruit number, and fruit weight by approximately 30-60% compared to the lowest dose and showing significant differences from other manure types (DMRT 5%). In contrast, higher doses of cattle and swiftlet manure tended to reduce yield components by about 40-65%, indicating threshold effects and declining nutrient-use efficiency, with overall treatment effectiveness ranked as chicken manure > goat manure > swiftlet manure ≈ cattle manure. Chicken manure is recommended to improve Hiyung chili productivity on acid sulfate soils. This study highlights the role of local organic resources as sustainable inputs to improve soil fertility and crop productivity on acid sulfate soils, supporting long-term soil health and sustainable farming on marginal lands.
Physiological and optical indicators of tungro severity across rice varieties with different resistance levels KHAERANA, KHAERANA; MUSA, YUNUS; PATANDJENGI, BAHARUDDIN; RIADI, MUHAMMAD
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100110

Abstract

Abstract. Khaerana, Musa Y, Patandjengi B, Riadi M. 2026. Physiological and optical indicators of tungro severity across rice varieties with different resistance levels. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100110. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100110. Tungro disease is a serious threat to rice production, with potential yield losses reaching 99% depending on the severity. This study evaluated the physiological response of rice plants to tungro infection, focusing on chlorophyll and anthocyanin content and light interaction characteristics. The study was conducted on six rice varieties with varying resistance levels (TN1, Inpari 13, Inpari 30, Inpari 36, Inpari 37, and M70D) using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Tungro infection was established through controlled inoculation using two adult green leafhoppers (Nephotettix virescens) per plant and confirmed by PCR targeting Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV). Disease severity was assessed using a visual scale ranging from 1 (no symptoms) to 9 (severe stunting and leaf discoloration). Analysis of variance revealed a significant infection × variety interaction, indicating that physiological and optical responses to tungro differed among rice varieties according to their resistance level. The results showed that chlorophyll a content decreased by up to 42.8% in the susceptible variety (TN1), while chlorophyll b remained relatively stable (p>0.05). Anthocyanin content increased up to 2.7-fold in plants with a severity score of 9 compared to healthy plants. Tungro infestation reduced light absorption by up to 38.6% and increased reflection and transmission by 21.4% and 24.7%, respectively, indicating a response to mesophyll tissue damage. These findings suggest that a combination of physiological and spectral parameters can be used as an early indicator of tungro infection. This approach can potentially be developed as a rapid and non-destructive phenotyping method for breeding tungro-resistant rice varieties and to support precision optical sensor-based detection systems.
Competitiveness of Indonesian edible bird’s nest in global markets (2017-2021) HALKAM, HAMKA; DEMMALLINO, EYMAL BAHSAR; ALI, M. SALEH S.; SUHAB, SULTAN
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100106

Abstract

Abstract. Halkam H, Demmallino EB, Ali MSS, Suhab S. 2026. Competitiveness of Indonesian edible bird’s nest in global markets (2017-2021). Asian J Agric 10: g100106. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100106. Indonesia is the world’s largest producer and exporter of edible bird’s nest derived from Aerodramus fuciphagus. All edible bird’s nest produced in Indonesia is intended for export. During the period 2017 to 2021, Indonesia recorded an average annual export volume of 1,331 tons, with a total export value of US$398.4 million. Despite this strong performance, Indonesia faces several challenges in international trade, including stringent requirements for direct exports to China and increasing competition from other exporting countries. This study aimed to assess Indonesia’s competitiveness in the global edible bird’s nest market. A quantitative, descriptive, and analytical approach was employed using secondary data. The results indicate that Indonesian edible bird’s nest exhibits strong competitiveness and rapid growth in global markets. This is reflected by a high revealed comparative advantage value of 85.24, which is substantially higher than that of competing exporting countries, a revealed symmetric comparative advantage value close to +1, a position as a rising star in the export product dynamic matrix, and classification as an optimistic product under the X-Model potential export product framework. The findings further suggest that national competitiveness in the global edible bird’s nest trade increases with higher export values. Price disparities across export destinations are primarily driven by destination-specific regulatory requirements. China imports edible bird’s nest at relatively high prices under strict regulatory standards, whereas Hong Kong applies fewer regulatory controls and offers lower purchase prices. As a result, increased export volumes to China generate a substantial rise in export value, while exports to Hong Kong do not yield a comparable effect. The study also reports a 358% increase in the swiftlet population in 2021 compared to 1993. To further enhance exports, particularly to China, the Indonesian government should strengthen the registration of swiftlet houses, expand edible bird’s nest cleaning facilities in producing regions, and support the development of value-added edible bird’s nest products.
Monitoring of seed viability and longevity after storage in Purwodadi Botanic Garden Seed Bank, Pasuruan, Indonesia ENFAITH, FITRI BLESSFATH; OKTAVIA, GEBBY AGNESSYA ESA; LESTARI, DEWI AYU; ARIYANTI, ESTI ENDAH
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100107

Abstract

Abstract. Enfaith FB, Oktavia GAE, Lestari DA, Ariyanti EE. 2026. Monitoring of seed viability and longevity after storage in Purwodadi Botanic Garden Seed Bank, Pasuruan, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10: g100107. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100107. Seed longevity is determinant of efficiency of storage practice. Seed viability after storage needs to be monitored to determine seed longevity. Seed viability of selected seed in the Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG) Seed Bank, Pasuruan, Indonesia, was monitored to predict the seed longevity after storage. The material used was selected seed species that have been stored in low temperature storage (-20°C) in hermetic storage at the Purwodadi Botanic Garden Seed Bank since 2016 (7 years storage), i.e., Aleurites moluccana, Cassia grandis, C. javanica, Colona scabra, Hura crepitans, Ixora miquelii, Pterospermum diversifolium, Sterculia foetida and Swinglea glutinosa. Seeds from each species were sown in sand as the planting medium, were then observed to perceive the germination percentage, the seed viability percentage, and the seed longevity. The results showed that all selected seeds experienced a decrease in germination percentage and even lost their ability to germinate. Seed longevity varies from very short with a decreasing rate of >30% (H. crepitans, I. miquelii, P. diversifolium, S. glutinosa and S. foetida), short with a decreasing rate of 15-30% (C. javanica and C. scabra), medium with a decreasing rate ranging from 4-15% (C. grandis), to long-lived seeds with a decreasing rate of <5% (A. moluccana). SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis was conducted to determine conservation strategies for seeds stored in the PBG Seed Bank. The result was that the appropriate conservation strategy for the PBG Seed Bank was assertive or proactive.
Effects of TiO₂ nano-priming and field capacity levels on germination and growth of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) RAHMAWATI, NUR ANINDYA; SOLICHATUN, SOLICHATUN; PITOYO, ARI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100112

Abstract

Abstract. Rahmawati NA, Solichatun, Pitoyo A. 2026. Effects of TiO₂ nano-priming and field capacity levels on germination and growth of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens). Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100112. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100112. Capsicum frutescens is a vital crop in Indonesia but suffers from seasonal yield instability due to water stress. This study explored nano-priming with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) to improve seedling resilience. The experiment was conducted in two stages. In the germination stage, four TiO₂NP concentrations (0%, 2%, 4%, and 8%) were tested on seed germination using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). In the growth stage, seedlings were subjected to a 4 × 3 factorial CRD combining the same TiO₂NP concentrations with three levels of water availability (100%, 75%, and 50% field capacity), with three replicated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (p < 0.05). During germination, nano-priming with 4% TiO₂NP accelareted germination rate (5.3 days) and enhanced sprout length (6.68 cm), whereas the control exhibited slower germination (9.03 days) and shorter sprouts (2.60 cm). In the subsequent growth phase, TiO₂NPs significantly influenced seedling height, shoot-to-root ratio, and proline content. The tallest seedling was observed at 8% TiO₂NP, particularly under 75% field capacity. In contrast, optimal shoot-to-root ratio and elevated proline accumulation were associated with 2% TiO₂NP under 100% and 75% field capacity, respectively. These finding demonstrated that TiO2NP nano-priming exerts stage-dependent effects, with distinct concentrations optimizing germination performance and drought-related physiological responses during early seedling growth, highlighting its potential as a scalable approach for improving C. frutescens cultivation under water-limited conditions.

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