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Asian Journal of Agriculture
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25804537     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Aims and Scope Asian Journal of Agriculture encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects to optimizing the quality and quantity of both plant and animal yield and final products, including agricultural economics and management, agricultural engineering and mechanization, agronomy and crop science, fish breeding, poultry breeding, plants and animals breeding, biotechnology, molecular biology, genetic diversity and breeding, food science and technology, land resources, land use, and remote sensing, plant pathology and pest management, microbiology, virology and bacteriology, organic agriculture, ecology and ecophysiology, physiology and nutrition, post-harvest technology, soil sciences, soilless culture, tissue culture technology, phytoremediation, and water management.
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Articles 150 Documents
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Hypocotyl-derived adventitious root in Boesenbergia rotunda: Histological insight and medium optimization GHANI, KHAIRUNNISA ABD.; AZHAR, SITI ZULAIHA AHAMAD; KHALID, NORZULAANI; YUSUF, NOR AZMA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100111

Abstract

Abstract. Ghani KA, Azhar SZA, Khalid N, Yusuf NA. 2026. Hypocotyl-derived adventitious root in Boesenbergia rotunda: Histological insight and medium optimization. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100111. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100111. Boesenbergia rotunda, commonly known as fingerroot, is a medicinal ginger widely valued for its bioactive flavonoids such as panduratin A, cardamonin, and pinostrobin, which exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Despite its importance, large-scale pharmaceutical use is constrained by low and inconsistent yields from rhizomes under field conditions. Adventitious Root (AR) cultures represent a promising alternative for scalable biomass and metabolite production, yet the potential of hypocotyl explants remains underexplored. This study investigated the effectiveness of different culture medium types in inducing AR formation from in vitro hypocotyls of B. rotunda. Hypocotyl explants were cultured for four weeks on solid and liquid half-strength Murashige and Skoog (½ MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) (n=6). Induction rate, root number, and root length were quantified. Results showed that liquid medium significantly enhanced AR induction, achieving 100% response compared to 95% in solid medium, with more than twice the number of roots (29.14±2.91 vs. 12.25±2.82) and nearly doubled root length (1.96±0.25 cm vs. 0.94±0.05 cm). Histological analysis confirmed that root apical meristems originated directly from pericycle cells adjacent to phloem tissues, evidencing direct organogenesis. These findings provide the first histological validation of hypocotyl-derived AR in B. rotunda and highlight the exciting potential of the liquid culture system for future biotechnological applications and metabolite production.
Land capability assessment for land use planning in West Tripura District, Northeast India with an integrated AHP-MCDA approach PANJA, KAUSIK; KRISHNAIAH, Y. V.; DAS, DEBASIS; HATI, MOUMITA; MONDAL, VAJANA; CHAKMA, ATOSHI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100114

Abstract

Abstract. Panja K, Krishnaiah YV, Das D, Hati M, Mondal V, Chakma A. 2026. Land capability assessment for land use planning in West Tripura District, Northeast India with an integrated AHP-MCDA approach. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100114. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100114. Land capability assessment is essential for evaluating land resources, revealing the strengths and limitations of land utilization, and addressing problems of land encroachment, land degradation, deforestation, and food security. In West Tripura, Northeast India, rapid urbanization and changing agricultural practices have inadvertently altered the landscape, impacting the livelihoods of local people. Proper land use planning based on land capability is needed to address land-related issues. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the land capability of the district and identify specialized land capability zones to plan for future land use through conscious utilization of the district's natural resources. In this study, USDA land capability classification was derived from soil texture, lithology, soil depth, soil fragments, slope, elevation, drainage density, rainfall, soil moisture, soil pH, land use and land cover, groundwater potential, and temperature. These factors were considered as basic parameters for evaluating land capability in this hilly region. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques were used as part of multi-criteria decision analysis, and weighted overlay analysis was performed through Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify potential Land Capability Classes (LCC) in the district. The present study identified seven land capability classes. Land areas in the riverine plains and lunga (intermontane valley) areas were categorized as very good (Class I), good (Class II), moderately good (Class III), and fair (Class IV). The remaining classes are unsuitable for agricultural practices but suitable for pasture, plantation, forestry, wildlife habitat, and natural vegetation. This study reveals that land capability classes II and III occupy nearly half (49.94%) of the potential land area. Field observations and land use analysis indicate that good and moderately good LCC areas associated with fertile floodplains and intensive agricultural practices are being encroached upon by unplanned land utilization, especially rapidly expanding settlements and rubber plantations.
Assessing the profitability of hybrid coconut farms in the Second District of Bohol, Philippines PILAYRE, TRESHA NADINE Q.; BUSCATO, MERLYN G.; GASATAN, JENFER MARIE M.; AÑOSA, ETHEL ZEAN M.
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100115

Abstract

Abstract. Pilayre TNQ, Buscato MG, Gasatan JMM, Añosa EZM. 2026. Assessing the profitability of hybrid coconut farms in the Second District of Bohol, Philippines. Asian J Agric 10: g100115. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100115. Hybrid coconut farming has emerged as a promising innovation to revitalize the coconut industry and improve smallholder livelihoods in the Philippines, yet its economic performance under real farm conditions remains insufficiently documented. This study assessed the profitability of hybrid coconut farms in the Second District of Bohol, where hybrid varieties are being promoted amid early bearing stages and ongoing post-Typhoon Odette recovery in 2021. Using a descriptive research design, data were gathered from 63 farmer-respondents through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Respondents had an average age of 57.13±11.21 years and farming experience of 19±12.38 years, cultivating farms averaging 1.34±1.72 hectares. Cost and return analysis, explicitly excluding imputed family labor to reflect cash-based profitability, revealed an average yield of 57 nuts per tree per year and a net income of ₱10,608.33 per hectare, with a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of 2.14. The modest profitability observed is primarily attributed to the early bearing stage of hybrid trees and the lingering impact of Typhoon Odette, which reduced farm productivity. Despite these constraints, hybrid coconut production remains economically viable and holds potential for increased profitability as plantations mature. Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions such as capacity building, input subsidies, and climate-resilient management practices to enhance productivity and income stability. Overall, the study provides empirical evidence to guide policymakers, investors, and development planners in promoting a sustainable and inclusive hybrid coconut industry in the Philippines.
Livelihood vulnerability and resilience of rainfed rice farmers to climate change in Java, Indonesia ROZAKI, ZUHUD; SAPUTRI, RIFKA DIAH; KAMARUDIN, MOHD FAUZI; RAHMAWATI, NUR
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100108

Abstract

Abstract. Rozaki Z, Saputri RD, Kamarudin MF, Rahmawati N. 2026. Livelihood vulnerability and resilience of rainfed rice farmers to climate change in Java, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100108. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/ g100108. Climate change, characterized by altered rainfall patterns, rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and increasing pest infestations, poses significant challenges for rain-fed rice farmers who heavily depend on rainfall. This study assesses and compares the resilience of rainfed rice farmers in Central Java (Klaten, Karanganyar, Boyolali, and Wonogiri) and Yogyakarta (Gunungkidul and Bantul), Indonesia, using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). The research involved 300 respondents from six districts, selected through purposive sampling, with data collected via structured household interviews covering social, economic, physical, environmental, and institutional indicators. The LVI was constructed by normalizing indicators and aggregating them into exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity dimensions using a weighted average approach. The results reveal moderate adaptive capacity in both provinces (A=0.36 in Central Java and 0.39 in Yogyakarta), with overall vulnerability classified as medium (LVI=0.40 and 0.46, respectively). However, the primary drivers of vulnerability vary across regions. In Central Java, education level (p=0.001) and household size (p=0.008) significantly influence vulnerability, indicating that limited human capital and higher dependency ratios increase sensitivity to climate shocks. In contrast, farming experience is the dominant factor in Yogyakarta (p=0.010), indicating that long-term reliance on traditional practices may limit adaptive responses to changing climatic conditions. These comparative findings highlight that vulnerability in rainfed rice systems is shaped not only by climatic exposure but also by region-specific socioeconomic factors. Accordingly, climate-responsive agricultural policies should be tailored to different regions, emphasizing improved extension services, access to climate and market information, adaptive training, and livelihood diversification to enhance the resilience of rainfed rice farmers.
Carbonic maceration as a value creation strategy for geographical indication coffee in Indonesia HALIL, HALIL; NUR, KURNIAWAN M.; WICAKSONO, DRIYANTO WAHYU
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100117

Abstract

Abstract. Halil, Nur KM, Wicaksono DW. 2026. Carbonic maceration as a value creation strategy for geographical indication coffee in Indonesi. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100117. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100117. Carbonic Maceration (CM) has emerged as a promising post-harvest innovation for speciality coffee, yet evidence on its economic contribution at the farm level remains limited. This study analyses the economic impact of applying Carbonic Maceration (CM) post-harvest technique to Ijen-Raung Arabica coffee, a Geographical Indication (GI) protected commodity from Bondowoso, Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 15 farmers within the Bondowoso GI Protection Association (PMPIG) during June-August 2025. The analysis integrated Economic Value Added (EVA) and Hayami Method frameworks to assess financial performance, value creation, and income distribution. Results demonstrate that CM generates substantial economic value, with an EVA of IDR 5,946,424.74 per hectare annually, confirming genuine value creation beyond cost of capital. Hayami's analysis revealed the added value of IDR 36,511.25±4,810.85 per kg (45.13±3.49% ratio), with 70.45±11.36% distributed as labour income, underscoring both profitability and equitable rural development. A critical finding was the 20.63% mass loss before processing, reducing the overall harvest-to-bean conversion to approximately 49.21%, highlighting the need for supply chain optimisation alongside CM adoption. The research novelty lies in its integrative methodology, being the first to combine EVA and Hayami Method to empirically quantify economic returns of post-harvest innovation in a GI coffee system. These findings highlight carbonic maceration as a viable post-harvest strategy for value enhancement and recommend broader adoption supported by capacity building, financial access, and quality-based market linkages.
Stakeholder analysis and development strategy for the cocoa processing agroindustry in North Luwu District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia THALIB, THALIB; SALENGKE, SALENGKE; ACHMAD, MAHMUD; ZAENUDDIN, KSATRIAWAN; ARSYAD, AISYAH TIAR; SAPUTRA, SAKRAL WIJAYA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100113

Abstract

Abstract. Thalib, Salengke, Achmad M, Zaenuddin K, Arsyad AT, Saputra SW. 2026. Stakeholder analysis and development strategy for the cocoa processing agroindustry in North Luwu District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100113. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100113. Indonesia is one of the world's leading cocoa producers, playing an important role in the national economy. However, its production continues to decline due to climate change, land use change, pest and disease attacks, and limitations in farm management. This study aims to formulate an integrated development strategy for the cocoa processing agroindustry in North Luwu District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, an area with production potential and favorable agroecological conditions. The research used a mixed-methods approach, including stakeholder analysis, SWOT analysis, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The analysis shows that government actors and the private sector play a dominant role in developing the cocoa agroindustry, while farmer and support institutions serve as system-reinforcing mechanisms. The SWOT analysis placed the cocoa agroindustry in the growth quadrant (S-O), indicating the need for a development strategy that leverages internal strengths to capture external opportunities. Furthermore, the AHP analysis identified investment, raw material quality, and human resource capacity building as priority factors in agroindustry development. The main strategy recommended is to improve product quality and innovation, supported by investment, technology, and strengthening farmer capacity. The implementation of this strategy is expected to sustainably increase productivity, competitiveness, and farmer welfare.
Assessment of morphological, molecular diversity, proximate and sensory properties of superior local durian in Jember District, East Java, Indonesia SARI, VEGA KARTIKA; IRIAWATI, NURVITTA PRAKASA AGUSTIN; RUSDIANA, RIZA YULI; SA’DIYAH, HALIMATUS; SLAMETO, SLAMETO; BASUKI, BASUKI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100126

Abstract

Abstract. Sari VK, Iriawati NPA, Rusdiana RY, Sa’diyah H, Slameto, Basuki. 2026. Assessment of morphological, molecular diversity, proximate and sensory properties of superior local durian in Jember District, East Java, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100126. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100126. One of the most valuable fruits in Indonesia is durian (Durio zibethinus). The Panti District in Jember District, East Java, Indonesia, offers an ideal combination of climatic and geographical conditions conducive to durian cultivation. This study aimed to investigate the superior local durian's morphological, molecular, proximate, and sensory diversity. Nine accessions of durian were collected from Panti District. Qualitative characters were evaluated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, while quantitative characters were analyzed descriptively to assess morphological diversity. Molecular variation was examined using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, proximate composition was determined for fruit flesh and seeds, and sensory attributes (taste, aroma, color, texture) were assessed. Results showed coefficients of variation for 10 quantitative characters ranging from 11.47 to 43.3% (low to rather low), and diversity indices for 28 qualitative characters ranging from 0.349 to 1.465 (low to moderate). Five superior durian cultivars from the Panti Jember cluster formed two groups with approximately 30% genetic similarity. The proximal content of durian accessions varies due to differences in genetic material. Sensory tests have high diversity in texture and color characters, which are critical factors influencing consumer preference. These findings provide a basic data for developing effective conservation and breeding strategies to support sustainable durian cultivation.
Supply chain analysis of agricultural and plantation commodities in North Maluku, Indonesia AJAM, M. RIDHA; RASULU, HAMIDIN; ASHARI, REYNA; TRIDTITANAKIAT, PAVALEE CHOMPOORAT; MURTINI, ERNI SOFIA; JABID, ABDULLAH W.; KAMALUDDIN, ABDUL KADIR; NURJANNAH, SITI; FATMAWATI, MILA; ROZAKI, ZUHUD; ABDULLAH, HAYUN
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100122

Abstract

Abstract. Ajam MR, Rasulu H, Ashari R, Tridtitanakiat PC, Murtini ES, Jabid AW, Kamaluddin AK, Nurjannah S, Fatmawati M, Rozaki Z, Abdullah H. 2026. Supply chain analysis of agricultural and plantation commodities in North Maluku, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100122. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100122. North Maluku is an archipelagic province in eastern Indonesia where agricultural and plantation supply chains are shaped by dispersed geography and reliance on maritime transport. This study applied a qualitative approach, combining in-depth interviews and field observation. Thirty informants were purposively selected, consisting of 15 farmers, 5 intermediaries, and 10 local traders engaged in agricultural distribution. The research examined supply chain structures, transport modes, and logistical constraints across seven major islands-Hiri, Halmahera, Bacan, Obi, Morotai, Sula, and Taliabu. The results identified five distinct supply chain typologies. Types 1-3 are associated with local vegetable distribution and short intra-island flows from farmers to end consumers, local retailers, or collectors. Type 4 reflects inter-island trade networks, commonly used for locally abundant fruits and for imported products such as carrots, potatoes, and garlic. Type 5 is for the plantation crops, such as nutmeg, cloves, and coconuts, which are largely export-oriented and involve the longest chain with multiple intermediaries. Across all types, profitability is strongly influenced by transport costs and weather-dependent marine disruptions, affecting both the availability and price stability of agricultural products as essential commodities. To enhance food security and reduce dependency on external sources, there is a need to strengthen local agricultural production through crop diversification, infrastructure development, and targeted farmer support initiatives. The results provide insights into how archipelagic geography shapes agricultural supply chains and point to strategies for building more resilient and equitable food systems.
Pruning year effects on flying insect diversity and microclimate relationships in Jamus tea agroecosystem, East Java, Indonesia SUHERIYANTO, DWI; SYAHNIAR, YOVITA YUAN
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100134

Abstract

Abstract. Suheriyanto D, Syahniar YY. 2026. Pruning year effects on flying insect diversity and microclimate relationships in Jamus tea agroecosystem, East Java, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100134. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100134. Flying insects provide essential ecosystem functions in tea agroecosystems, including pollination and pest regulation. This study examined how the post-pruning recovery cycle influences flying insect communities and microclimate in Jamus tea (Camellia sinensis) plantation. Insects were sampled and microclimate variables (temperature, humidity, light, wind speed) measured across blocks representing the first to fourth years after pruning (PY 1-4). Community metrics and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were used to evaluate diversity and habitat associations. We identified 12 insect genera, namely Diabrotica, Altica, Coccinella, Condylostylus, Musca, Syrphus, Sepedon, Taeniaptera, Gonocerus, Lasioglossum, Apanteles, and Amata. Total abundance and genus richness increased with time since pruning, with the lowest diversity and highest dominance in PY 1. Although microclimate did not differ significantly among years, CCA revealed that community composition tracked two environmental gradients: one associated with higher light and wind exposure (linked to genera Lasioglossum and Taeniaptera in later years), and another with cooler, more humid conditions (associated with genera Altica and Sepedon). These findings demonstrate that pruning primarily structures insect communities by modifying physical habitat, rather than altering average plot-level microclimate.
Selection for early maturity in F4 families of winged bean based on descriptive statistical analysis and Genotype-by-Trait grouping YULIANAH, IZMI; KUSWANTO, KUSWANTO; MUBAROK, AMRUL; PRASASTI, OSCAR TEGAR
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100121

Abstract

Abstract. Yulianah I, Kuswanto, Mubarok A, Prasasti OT. 2026. Selection for early maturity in F4 families of winged bean based on descriptive statistical analysis and Genotype-by-Trait grouping. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100121. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100121. The winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) is a nutrient-rich tropical legume with the potential to enhance protein security in developing regions. However, its adoption is limited due to long growth duration and low yield. This study evaluated genetic variability, trait correlations, and genotype-trait relationships among 22 F4 winged bean families derived from the cross between PLB (early, high pod number) and MDM (late, large-seeded). This study used a row planting design. Ten plants were planted per genotype. Quantitative traits, including flowering age (FLA), fresh pod harvest age (FPHA), pod dimensions (PDL, PDW), pod weight (PWG), pods per plant (PPP), fresh pod weight per plant (FPWP), seeds per pod (SPP), and hundred-seed weight (HSW), were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and Genotype-by-Trait (G×T) analysis with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Substantial phenotypic variability and transgressive segregation were observed, with several lines surpassing parental performance. PM 126.126 matched MDM's high yield (FPWP=825.9 g/plant), while PM 1.1 combined high yield (FPWP=825.9 g/plant) with early flowering (FLA=64.57 days). Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations between flowering age and pod weight (r=0.81) and between pod weight and hundred-seed weight (r=0.81), indicating a coordinated development of late maturity, heavy pods, and large seeds. Negative correlations between the number of pods per plant and fresh pod weight (r=-0.47) and seed weight (r=-0.43) showed a yield component trade-off. PCA-based (G×T) analysis explained 84.0% of the total variation and classified genotypes into groups: high-yield types emphasizing pod/seed size (e.g., PM 126.126), high pod number types (PM 99.99), and balanced performers (PM 57.57). Three early-maturing genotypes PM 99.99, PM 1.1, and PM 131.131 combined early flowering (64.29-64.57 days) with competitive yields (FPWP=743.6-825.9 g/plant), demonstrating the effectiveness of advanced-generation selection for developing early, high-yielding winged bean cultivars for tropical farming systems.

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