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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML)
Published by Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Patologi Klinik Indonesia
ISSN : 08544263     EISSN : 24774685     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.24293
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML) is a journal published by “Association of Clinical Pathologist” professional association. This journal displays articles in the Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory scope. Clinical Pathology has a couple of subdivisions, namely: Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, Immunology and Serology, Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Hepatology, Cardiovascular, Endocrinology, Blood Transfusion, Nephrology, and Molecular Biology. Scientific articles of these topics, mainly emphasize on the laboratory examinations, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis in a disease.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 1,328 Documents
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PENGARUH MEROKOK SIGARET PADA PEMERIKSAAN RESISTEN ASPIRIN D.I.S Siregar; Z. Lubis; H. Hariman
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 20, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v20i2.1082

Abstract

Based on the Framingham study, it was revealed that cigarette smoking can cause athero- thrombotic cardiovascular disease (CVD).Aspirin is the most widely used anti platelet drug in CVD; it reduces the risk of the secondary events by about 25% in cardiovasculardisease. Lately, it was reported that 5–45% of these patients are resistant to aspirin. The researchers aimed to investigate in this study theimpact of cigarette smoking on aspirin resistance. Twenty two smokers and 18 non-smokers were enrolled in this study. The researchersrequired all of the 40 subjects to take 160 mg of aspirin after the first blood sample was taken. The first sample was taken in the morning,while the second one was obtained two (2) hours after the aspirin intake. Platelet aggregation was performed using a light transmittanceaggregometry (LTA). Aspirin resistance was found in two (2) of 22 smokers (9.09%) and two (2) of 18 non-smokers (11.11%). There wereno significant differences (p>0.05) before or after taking aspirin in either both smokers or non smokers as seen from the aggregationresults. The researchers concluded that cigarette smoking does not cause aspirin resistance at all.
HoSPITAL ACQuIReD PneuMonIA onSeT DAN BAKTEREMIA Bellya Affan Roes; Dewi Kartika; Basti Andriyoko
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 20, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v20i3.466

Abstract

Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is significantly impact the patient morbidity and mortality that cause etiologic identification becomes a microbiological emergency in HAP. The etiologic identification based on the onset of pneumonia is important to determine the specific pathogens, that impact patient prognosis and prevent bacteremia. The aim of the study is to know the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of early onset HAP by determination, late onset HAP and HAP with bacteriaemia in the intensive care setting. The design of this study was retrospective descriptive. The data was collected from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology and the medical record from Dr. Hasan Sadikin hospital Bandung, from April 2013–March 2013. From the 61 episodes of HAP, 18 were early onset HAP and 43 were late onset HAP, including five (5) related to (8.2%) HAP with bacteriaemia. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common etiology of the early onset HAP (22.2%), with the highest susceptibility (75%) to amikacin, meropenem, and tigecyclin. Acinetobacter baumannii is the most common etiology of the late onset HAP (27.9%), with the highest susceptibility (75%) to amikacin and cotrymoxazole. The most common etiology of HAP with bacteriaemia is Klebsiella pneumoniae confirmed ESBL (40%) with the highest susceptibility to amikacin and meropenem (100%). Based on this study, it can be concluded that the most common bacterial profile of the early onset HAP is K. pneumoniae, while for the late onset HAP is A. baumannii, and HAP with bacteriaemia is K. pneumoniae confirmed ESBL. All of them have the highest susceptibility to amikacin.
RESIDU LEUKOSIT DALAM THROMBOCYTE CONCENTRATE Nurmalia PS; Purwanto AP; Julia Julia
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 19, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v19i1.394

Abstract

Transfusion reactions in the thrombocyte concentrate (TC) manual is often associated with the storage time due to the release of cytokines by leukocytes during storage. The results showed the majority of transfusion reactions include fever/febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR). The quality control of blood components is necessary for the determination a component of blood in the bag already qualified for or not for transfusion. The aims of this study is to determine the residual leukocytes in the TC manual of Blood Donor Unit (UDD) at PMI Semarang with the shelf life of 3−5 days in compliance with the requirements of TC quality criteria of the European Union Council (EU).A Descriptive study is conducted at the Blood Donor Unit (UDD) PMI Semarang. The TC sample consist of 30 bags and manuals from the transfusion bag, which has been stored between 3−5 days. The examination of the residual leukocytes from the TC bag is carried out by manual microscopic method as well as the counting. The results obtained from the O blood group are 13 bags (43%) of TC, the B blood group seven (7) bags (33%), A blood group two bags (7%), and AB five (5) bags (17%). The range of the residual values of white blood cells in the TC manual is from 0 up to 0.0086×109/unit. According to the EU Council of leukocytes in the TC control value is <0.2×109/unit. The results of the residual leukocytes in the TC manual with the shelf life of 3−5 days are in accordance with the quality standards. This results indicates that the residual leukocytes in the TC manual UDD PMI Semarang in accordance with the EU quality standards.
ROLE OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION ERK1/2 ON THE PROLIFERATION OF ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL (EPC) OF PATIENTS WITH STABLE ANGINA PECTORIS INDUCED BY GROWTH FACTORS (Peran Transduksi Sinyal ERK1/2 terhadap Persiapan Proliferasi Endothelial Progenitor Cell (EPC) Pasien Angina Pektoris Stabil yang Diinduksi oleh Faktor Pertumbuhan) Yudi Her Oktaviono; Djanggan Sargowo; Mohammad Aris Widodo; Yanni Dirgantara; Angliana Chouw; Ferry Sandra
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 22, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v22i3.1235

Abstract

Sel Progenitor Endotel (EPC) merupakan kelompok sel yang memiliki kekuatan angiogenik yang kemudian dikenal sebagai pilihanpengobatan seluler untuk mengimbas perbaikan lapisan intima pembuluh darah. Berdasarkan beberapa kajian sebelumnya, jumlahEPC di pasien angina pektoris stabil lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan individu yang sehat. Di samping itu, EPC juga dikenal sebagaiperamal independen terhadap perjalanan penyakit jantung koroner. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran transduksiisyarat ERK1/2 terhadap proliferasi EPC yang diambil dari darah tepi pasien angina pektoris stabil dengan imbasan pemberian faktorpertumbuhan. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian percobaan melalui uji laboratoris dengan pendekatan atau rancangan control grouptime series design. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Prodia Stem Cell Indonesia di Jakarta pada bulan Januari 2014. Sampeldarah tepi diambil dari delapan (8) subjek relawan pasien angina pektoris stabil yang memenuhi patokan kesertaan dan sebagaipembanding digunakan delapan (8) unit darah tepi yang diambil dari orang yang bukan pasien angina pektoris. Metode sel mononuklear(MNC) dari delapan (8) pasien angina pektoris stabil diisolasi selama satu (1) atau tiga (3) hari di medium tertentu dengan atautanpa penambahan suplemen. EPC yang dihasilkan dan dicat dengan metode pengecatan imunofluoresens untuk mendeteksi CD34,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) dan CD133. Pemeriksaan proliferasi sel XTT digunakan untuk menilaipertumbuhan EPC setelah kultur antara 1−3 hari, sedangkan perhitungan Colony Forming Unit (CFU) digunakan untuk menilai fungsiEPC kelompok yang terbentuk setelah dikultur antara 1−3 hari. Analisis western blot dilakukan untuk mendeteksi aktifasi ERK1/2.Hasil mengecat imunofluoresens mengukuhkan seluruh petanda membran EPC termasuk CD34, VEGR2 dan CD133. Jumlah rerata EPCyang berdaya hidup di pasien angina pektoris stabil lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pembandingnya, yaitu masing-masing 5,77×103dan 23,40×103. Jumlah EPC baik kelompok pasien angina pektoris stabil dan yang pembanding meningkat secara bermakna denganperangsangan faktor pertumbuhan. Hasil western blot menunjukkan bahwa ERK1 diekspresikan lebih tinggi pasien angina pektoris stabildibandingkan pembanding. Fosforilasi ERK2 terdeteksi di kelompok pembanding dan menguat secara bermakna seiring waktu denganperangsangan faktor pertumbuhan. Fosforilasi ini dihambat oleh U0126. Di pasien angina pektoris stabil, fosforilasi ERK2 terdeteksipada perangsangan faktor pertumbuhan setelah kultur selama tiga (3) hari.
SERUM ZINC AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS AS RISK FACTORS FOR MORTALITY IN SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME Dwi Retnoningrum; Banundari Rachmawati; Dian Widyaningrum
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 24, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v24i1.1147

Abstract

Kondisi Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) berkebahyaan terjadinya sepsis dan kegagalan multi organ. Inflamasidapat menyebabkan terjadinya redistribusi zinc ke jaringan sehingga terjadi penurunan kadar zinc plasma. Kadar CRP pada SIRSmeningkat sebagai respons peningkatan protein tahap akut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah kadar zinc dan CRP serummerupakan faktor kebahayaan kematian di pasien SIRS. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan kohort prospektif di 30pasien SIRS berusia 27–64 tahun. Kadar zinc serum diperiksa dengan metode atomic absorbance spectrophotometer (AAS) dan CRPserum dengan metode latex agglutination immunoassay menggunakan alat autoanaliser. Kejadian kematian subjek dinilai setelah 28hari perawatan. Data dilakukan uji statistik Chi-Kwadrat, bila tidak memenuhi maka dilakukan uji alternatif Fisher. Besarnya nilaifaktor kebahyaan dilakukan perhitungan kebahayaan relatif. Rerata kadar zinc dan CRP berturut-turut 81,24 ± 8,72 μg/dL, dan 8,13± 8,12 mg/dL. Kematian dalam 28 hari adalah 33,3%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar zinc plasma < 80 μg/dL bukanmerupakan faktor kebahayaan terjadinya kematian (p=0,114), sedangkan kadar CRP ≥ 10 mg/dL merupakan faktor kebahayaanterjadinya kematian di pasien SIRS (RR=3,28, 95% CI 1,33-8,13, p=0,015). Kadar zinc plasma bukan merupakan faktor kebahayaanterjadinya kematian pada SIRS, sedangkan kadar CRP merupakan faktor kebahayaan terjadinya kematian di pasien SIRS.
Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity-2 Levels As Prognostic Marker in Non-ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Sherly Purnamawaty; Tenri Esa; Ibrahim Abd Samad
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 26, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v26i2.1533

Abstract

Acute Myocardial Infarction (IMA) is the most severe manifestation of coronary arterial disease, and about 60%-75% ofIMA is NSTEMI. It is known that complications are associated with high mortality rates; therefore, predicting thedevelopment of complications in NSTEMI will help physicians improve risk stratification and determine optimal treatment.Suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (ST2) is a family of interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptors. Ischemia, injury, and myocardial infarctionwill cause cardiomyocytes to release sST2 associated with a worse prognosis. This study aimed to analyze sST2 levels inNSTEMI patients as a prognostic marker. This study used a prospective cohort method performed on NSTEMI patientstreated at Pusat Jantung Terpadu of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital during March 2019. Forty-two patients wereinvolved as samples. All patients were tested for sST2 levels by immunochromatography and followed up duringhospitalization. Data on the development of heart failure, arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock, sudden cardiac arrest, length ofstay, and outcome were recorded during follow-up. Data were statistically analyzed with Mann-Whitney and Spearman test.The results of the sST2 level in NSTEMI with and without heart failure were 114.09±92.01 ng/mL and 58.94±57.75 ng/mL(p=0.014), respectively. There was no significant difference between sST2 levels in NSTEMI with complications ofarrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, and sudden cardiac arrest compared and patients without those complications (p>0.05).The level of sST2 was significantly higher in NSTEMI patients who passed away (164.05±77.35 ng/mL) than those whosurvived (72.55±73.15 (p=0.027). There was no correlation between sST2 levels and length of stay (p=0.947). It wasconcluded that sST2 levels could be a prognostic marker for NSTEMI, particularly heart failure and outcome.
FRUCTOSAMINE AND GLYCATED ALBUMIN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS DURING RAMADHAN FASTING Vinzy Yulina; Sidarti Soehita; Muhammad Faizi; Budiono Budiono
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 23, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v23i2.1141

Abstract

Puasa Ramadhan dapat meningkatkan kebahayaan komplikasi di pasien Diabetes Melitus (DM) tipe 1, yang dapat dicegah dengankendali glikemik yang baik. Pemeriksaan fruktosamin dan albumin glikat digunakan untuk menggambarkan rerata kadar glukosa darahselama 2-3 minggu sebelumnya, sehingga lebih sesuai digunakan untuk menggambarkan kendali glikemik selama puasa Ramadhan(1 bulan). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan dan membuktikan adanya kenasaban antara kadar fruktosamin dengan nilaialbumin glikat sebelum, pertengahan dan akhir bulan puasa Ramadhan di pasien DM tipe 1 di RSUD dr.Soetomo Surabaya. Penelitianini menggunakan desain analitik observasional di 13 pasien DM tipe 1 berusia 9–18 tahun yang menjalankan puasa Ramadhan.Pemeriksaan fruktosamin menggunakan metode nitroblutetrazolium (NBT) dengan alat Cobas Integra. Nilai albumin glikat dihitungsebagai persentase kadar albumin glikat (menggunakan metode enzimatik) terhadap kadar jumlah keseluruhan albumin serum(menggunakan metode bromcresol purple), dengan alat Proline R-910. Hasil dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik t-berpasangan dankenasaban Pearson. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara rerata kadar fruktosamin pertengahan dibandingkan sebelum(p=0,307), akhir dibandingkan sebelum (p=0,249) dan akhir dibandingkan pertengahan bulan puasa Ramadhan (p=0,362). Tidakdidapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara rerata nilai albumin glikat pertengahan dibandingkan sebelum (p=0,478), akhir dibandingkansebelum (p=0,285) dan akhir dibandingkan pertengahan bulan puasa Ramadhan (p=0,247). Kenasaban positif bermakna didapatkanantara kadar fruktosamin dan nilai albumin glikat sebelum (p=0,0001, r=0,952), pertengahan (p=0,0001, r=0,948) dan akhir bulanpuasa Ramadhan (p=0,0001 dan r=0,963). Kadar fruktosamin dan nilai albumin glikat dapat digunakan sebagai tolok ukur kendaliglikemik di pasien DM tipe 1 yang menjalankan puasa Ramadhan.
NEUTROPHIL/LYMPHOCYTE COUNT RATIO ON DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER Irmayanti Irmayanti; Asvin Nurulita; Nurhayana Sennang
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 23, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v23i3.1200

Abstract

Infeksi virus dengue adalah salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang menimbulkan dampak sosial dan ekonomi. Pemeriksaanrasio netrofil/limfosit sangat mudah dan cepat dilakukan. Rasio netrofil/limfosit dihubungkan dengan perembesan plasma di pasienDBD. Untuk mengetahui rasio netrofil/limfosit pasien DBD berdasarkan derajat DBD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektifdengan mengambil data rekam medis RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar masa waktu Juni 2013–Juni 2015. Uji statistikdilakukan dengan uji Mann-Whitney, uji t dan uji kenasaban Spearman. Didapatkan 96 subjek penelitian yang memenuhi patokankesertaan. Rerata umur subjek penelitian 53,5 tahun (18–89), sebagian besar laki-laki 56,25% dan perempuan 43,75%. Uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan median leukosit grade I 4,45 (1,10–28,80), grade II 3,25 (1,60–9,20) dengan p=0,03. Median netrofil gradeI 2,41 (0,47–24,65), grade II 1,16 (0,29–6,50) dengan p=<0,01. Median trombosit grade I 113,50 (5,00–342,000), grade II 76,50(3,00–274,00) dengan p=0,009. Rasio netrofil/limfosit grade I 2,19 (0,61–17,25), grade II 0,80 (0,18–5,91) dengan p=<0,01. Ujikenasaban Spearman didapatkan nilai p<0,001 menunjukkan kenasaban antara rasio netrofil/limfosit dan derajat DBD bermakna.Nilai kenasaban Spearman sebesar -0,68 menunjukkan hubungan terbalik, semakin rendah rasio netrofil/limfosit, semakin berat derajatDBD. Uji t menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna nilai limfosit dan hematokrit pasien DBD grade I dan II. Rasio netrofil/limfositpada DBD grade I lebih tinggi daripada grade II, semakin rendah rasio netrofil/limfosit semakin berat derajat DBD.
MACROPHAGE AUTOPHAGY IN IMMUNE RESPONSE Jusak Nugraha
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 24, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v24i1.1164

Abstract

Otofagi adalah mekanisme yang digunakan oleh sel untuk menyerap, membuang dan mendaur ulang sampah. Makrofag dapatberfungsi untuk menangkap, mengonsumsi dan mencerna antigen eksogen, keseluruhan mikroorganisme, partikel yang tidak larut danbahan endogen misalnya: sel inang yang sekarat atau rusak yang dipajankan oleh limfosit. Saat ini makrofag dapat dibagi menjadi duajenis aktivasi: Aktivasi klasik (M1); Aktivasi alternatif (M2) yang memiliki efek berbeda. Aktivitas M1 meningkatkan respons Th1 misalmenyebabkan peradangan, pembunuhan patogen intraselular, DTH (tipe hipersensitivitas tertunda) dan kerusakan jaringan. AktivitasM2 menyebabkan peningkatan respons Th2 sebagai imunomodulator, deposisi matriks dan remodeling jaringan. Peran makrofagpada infeksi M.tuberculosis akan menentukan kondisi inang. Jika makrofag dapat melakukan fungsi fagositosis M.tuberculosis akandimusnahkan dan inang tidak terinfeksi. Mycobacterium TB yang patogen dapat dengan mudah menghindari fagositosis dan berhasilmenghambat otofagi makrofag. Peningkatan otofagi akan meningkatkan efikasi BCG maupun vaksin lainnya dan dengan menggunakanpendekatan merangsang otofagi untuk membasmi TB sangat berguna sehingga pengobatan berbasis otofagi untuk TB dapat segeradiwujudkan.
DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS WITH TB ANTIGEN RAPID TEST IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS WITH FOUR TYPES OF SPUCTUM SAMPLE PREPARATION Miftahul Ilmiah; IGAA. Putri Sri Rejeki; Betty Agustina Tambunan
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 23, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v23i2.1132

Abstract

Pemeriksaan mikroskopis langsung untuk mendiagnosis TB memiliki banyak keterbatasan. TB Ag Rapid Test Device merupakanmetode pemeriksaan ICT TB yang mendeteksi antigen yang disekresi khas dari Regions of Difference (RD) M.tuberculosis. Penelitiansebelumnya menunjukkan uji sering tidak berjalan dengan baik. Sampel penelitian adalah 30 dahak BTA positif dengan pemeriksaanmikroskopis langsung. Dahak diberikan 4 perlakuan berbeda yaitu: perlakuan rutin sesuai tata langkah perangkat; penambahan0,5 mL NALC 2,5% dan dahak dikocok sesuai tata langkah perangkat; perlakuan vorteks dilanjutkan pemusingan 10.000g suhu 4°C;penambahan 0,5 mL NALC 2,5%, vorteks dilanjutkan pemusingan 10.000g suhu 4°C. Hasil pemeriksaan antigen M.tuberculosis sebagaiberikut: perlakuan kesatu 43,3% positif, perlakuan kedua hasil positif tinggi (96,7%), perlakuan ketiga dan keempat didapatkanhasil positif sebesar 36,7% dan 86,7%. Pemeriksaan Ag menggunakan vorteks-pemusingan dengan pemeriksaan rutin menunjukkankesesuaian sebesar 86,6% (33,3% positif dan 53,5% negatif) dengan nilai Kappa 0,724 (p<0,0001). Perlakuan 2 (penambahan0,5 mL NALC 2,5%) dengan perlakuan 4 (penambahan NALC 2,5%-vorteks-pemusingan) menunjukkan kesesuaian sebesar 90% (86,7%positif dan 3,3% negatif) dengan nilai Kappa 0,366 (p=0,010). Pemberian pretreatment 0,5 mL NALC 2,5% dapat digunakan untukmeningkatkan hasil positif kit TB Ag Rapid Test Device untuk mendiagnosis tuberkulosis paru.

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