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Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal
Published by Universitas Panji Sakti
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2655853X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v2i2
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal is an information media that contains articles from research, theoretical studies, and scientific writings on agriculture especially agrotechnology i.e.: agronomy, horticulture, plant breeding, soil sciences, plant protection, and other pertinent field related to plant production.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Agronomi dan Ilmu Tanaman
Articles 425 Documents
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Indonesia’s Mangosteen Export Risk Management Strategy to China Ayu, Sri Fajar; Situmorang, Patricia Srisere Ikaria
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v8i2.2418

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the leading global producers of mangosteen, with China absorbing over 70% of its export volume. Despite this, Indonesia’s market share remains limited compared to its competitors, such as Thailand. This study examines the short- and long-term relationships between key macroeconomic variables—mangosteen export price (HEC), export value (NE), Yuan to USD exchange rate (NTC), Rupiah to USD exchange rate (NTI), Indonesia’s real exchange rate (NTR), and export volume (VE)—and the performance of exports to China using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), which is appropriate for examining both long-run equilibrium (cointegration) and short-run dynamics among the macroeconomic variables. The model captures cointegration, causal interactions, impulse responses, and variance decomposition. Findings indicate that, in the long run, NTC, NTI, NTR, and VE have a significant influence on export prices, while no statistically significant short-run causality is observed. Key risks identified include exchange rate volatility, over-reliance on the Chinese market, price fluctuations, high logistics costs, and inconsistent product quality. To mitigate these issues, the study recommends exchange rate stabilization, export market diversification, investment in cold chain logistics, and the adoption of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) with digital traceability systems. The findings support the formulation of evidence-based policies to strengthen the global competitiveness of Indonesia’s horticultural exports.
Analysis of Demand and Competition for Indonesia’s Eel in the International Market Nurzakiah, Sitty; Nurmalina, Rita; Tinaprilla, Netti
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v8i2.2048

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the main exporters of eels in the international market. Over the past few years, Indonesia has experienced a decrease in eel exports, despite a rise in world demand. This has triggered fierce competition between Indonesia and other exporting countries. This research aims to identify the demand and market competition for Indonesian eels in the international market. The analysis method used is the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) Model. The data used is secondary data from Indonesia, China, Malaysia, the United States, India, Denmark, and the Netherlands in the last 11 years (2012 - 2023). The results of this research show that there is tight competition between Indonesia, China, India, and the United States in the international market. Meanwhile, the relationship between Indonesia’s frozen eels and frozen eels from Malaysia, Denmark, and the Netherlands tends not to compete in the international market. Frozen eel from Indonesia is a normal good, so when the price increases, it will cause a decrease in demand. Frozen eel from Indonesia is an inelastic commodity with the lowest elasticity value among other major exporters, so this can be an opportunity for Indonesia to determine the desired price. Overall, Indonesia is the third-largest exporting country that benefits the most when there is an increase in frozen eel export expenditure in the international market.
Analysis of the Competitiveness of Indonesian Clove Exports to the Main Destination Barus, Rusyqy Fuad Arsa; Rachmina, Dwi; Hidayat, Nia Kurniawati
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v8i2.2268

Abstract

Indonesia is the largest producer of cloves and one of the largest exporters of cloves in the world. In 2023, Indonesia's clove production reached 135,178 tons, with an export value of US$ 99,605,682. Indonesia's clove trade balance has been in surplus since 2017-2023. Between 2021 and 2022, there was a decrease in the export value of cloves to major destination countries. This was caused by Indonesia's high demand for cloves due to the presence of the kretek cigarette industry in the country. The aim of this research is to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian cloves in its main export markets and examine the factors that influence the export of cloves to these key destination countries. This study uses Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis, Export Product Dynamic (EPD), X-Model, and panel data regression. From 2011 to 2023, Indonesia had a comparative advantage in all destination countries. The highest comparative advantage was found in the United Arab Emirates, while the lowest was in Singapore. Indonesia has a competitive advantage in four countries: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and the United Arab Emirates, and these countries show optimism for the development of exports. The variables of Indonesian clove production and export prices have a positive and significant effect on the export value of Indonesian cloves.
Development of Indonesian Organic Agrifood: Certification Process and Issues Walaela, Khais; Suprehatin, Suprehatin; Adhi, Andriyono Kilat
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v8i2.2078

Abstract

The global growth of organic agrifood has also reached Indonesia, creating opportunities and challenges for smallholder farmers. This study aims to explore the certification process and identify key barriers to obtaining organic certification for Indonesian agricultural products. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with three certified organic farming groups in Central Java—each producing rice, vegetables, or coffee. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive methods and graphical tools such as spider charts. The findings reveal that both pre-certification and certification stages typically require three months, not including land conversion, which may be shortened if prior organic practices are recognized. Major challenges during these stages include business planning, seed availability, group coordination, investment capital, pest management, and contamination prevention. These issues are rooted in limited knowledge and technical skills regarding organic standards and practices. Technological interventions—such as the use of ozone plasma, Internet of Things (IoT), and mobile cold storage—were found to support compliance and productivity, particularly in vegetable farming. However, constraints such as land fatigue, lack of rotation, limited access to organic inputs, and high certification costs persist. The study suggests that improved training, mentoring, institutional support, and access to organic inputs are essential to overcoming certification barriers and strengthening farmers’ participation in organic value chains. These insights offer practical implications for policymakers and stakeholders to promote sustainable organic farming in Indonesia.
Integrating Supply Chain Management into Food Estate Models for Enhanced Food Security Bidarti, Agustina; Irwanto, Dedi
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 8, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v8i3.2373

Abstract

This study analyzes the integration of supply chain management (SCM) within a food estate model on lowland swamp agroecosystems to strengthen national food security. A descriptive–analytical survey was conducted for eight months involving 60 farmers from three farmer groups in Muara Belida, South Sumatra. Performance was assessed using the SCOR v13.0 framework, value-added analysis (Hayami method), KPI weighting (ANP), and performance measurement (OMAX with Traffic Light System). Results show an overall SCM performance index of 7.892 (yellow category), with “Deliver” (8.280), “Make” (8.258), and “Return” (8.025) performing relatively well, while “Plan” (7.520) and “Source” (7.758) remain moderate. Policy and managerial implications highlight the need for farmer training, adoption of climate-resilient crop varieties, demand forecasting systems, and formal contractual partnerships to stabilize supply and reduce transaction costs. Findings further reveal that SCM integration enhances value addition at the farmer level and mitigates systemic risks, thereby contributing to food security by reducing logistics costs and building supply chain resilience. This research provides empirical evidence that incorporating SCM into food estate development constitutes a critical strategy for sustainable agro-industrial cluster management in lowland swamps and for achieving national food security.
Comparative Study: Internal Marketing Value of Shallot Hydroponic Performance Using NFT vs. DFT Across Two Growth Periods Sundari, Ristina Siti; Pauzy, Depy Muhamad; Firmansyah, Hary; Arif, Arif; Purba, Jhon Hardy
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 8, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v8i3.2240

Abstract

Urban farming has emerged as a strategic response to the challenges of land scarcity and food security in metropolitan areas. This study investigates the financial performance and internal marketing value of shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) agribusiness cultivated hydroponically using Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) and Deep Flow Technique (DFT) systems across two planting cycles. Conducted as a case study at P4S Galih Jaya, the research employed a quantitative descriptive approach, combining direct observation, financial documentation review, and structured stakeholder interviews. Key metrics, production output, net income, Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratio, and Break-Even Point (BEP), were calculated using standard agribusiness financial formulas. Internal marketing indicators, including employee understanding, decision alignment, and motivation, were assessed through pre- and post-cycle surveys and integrated into participatory training sessions. Results indicated that the DFT system in cycle 2 yielded the highest net income (IDR 2,036,725) and B/C ratio (3.6), while the NFT system in cycle 1 incurred a financial loss (IDR -10,155) with a B/C ratio of 0.9. These findings were embedded into internal communication tools and stakeholder training sessions to foster data-driven decision-making. Internal marketing indicators showed marked improvement between periods, demonstrating the strategic value of integrating financial literacy into agribusiness operations. The study concludes that the selection of a hydroponic system not only affects profitability but also internal stakeholder engagement. The comparative study framework offers a replicable model for urban farmers seeking to align technical performance with internal adoption and strategic planning. Further research is recommended across successive planting periods to assess long-term viability and deepen internal marketing impact.
Implementation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy as a Local Regulatory Mechanism for Sustaining Subak Anggabaya, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Wijayanti, Putu Udayani; Artini, Ni Wayan Putu; Susrusa, Ketut Budi; Mariyani, Ni Luh Devi Darmika; Rahayu, I Putu Yoga Darma
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 8, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v8i3.2250

Abstract

Land conversion remains a major threat, often driven by development and investor disregard for customary laws. Subak Anggabaya, however, enforces officially recognized awig-awig, and is being developed by the Denpasar City Government under the Subak Lestari program to protect agricultural land. While the principles of THK continue to hold firm, the subak system is increasingly pressured by modernization, environmental degradation, and the transformation of rice fields into tourism developments. The concept of Tri Hita Karana comes from three words: Tri (Three), Hita (Happiness), and Karana (Cause). The formulation of the problem in this research is how is the implementation of the Tri Hita Karana philosophy in the awig-awig in Subak Anggabaya. The types of data used in this study is qualitative data. The data collection methods used in this study are as follows: 1). Interviews; and 2) Literature study. The research population consisted of the Pekaseh Gede and three Subak administrators. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis, a type of qualitative research. The result of this research is the implementation of three aspects of the concept of Tri Hita Karana in Subak Anggabaya, namely: 1) Parhyangan, in the Subak Anggabaya area, the application of the aspect is ceremonial activities carried out from the beginning of agricultural activities to harvest; 2) Pawongan, Subak is an organization where there is often interaction between fellow subak people; 3) Palemahan is an important aspect, especially in maintaining the continuity of nature.
Enhancing Vanilla Planifolia Generative Phase via IoT-Based Microclimate Control Galushasti, Andarula; Wardana, Rudi; Wardati, Irma; Hidayat, Taufik; Malika, Uyun Erma; Rizaldi, Taufiq
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 8, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v8i3.2171

Abstract

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) is one of the agricultural commodities with high economic value, but its cultivation faces various challenges, including climate change and suboptimal environmental management. Conventional microclimate control methods are primarily manual and reactive, often failing to maintain stable conditions during the critical phase of generation. Technological innovations, especially IoT-based microclimate controllers, enable real-time monitoring and automated regulation of temperature, humidity, and light, thereby reducing environmental fluctuations that negatively affect flowering and yield. This research aims to develop and apply an IoT-based microclimate controller that optimizes growth conditions during the generative phase of vanilla, and to evaluate its impact on growth and crop yields. The study was conducted over a 3-month generative period, using 30 vanilla plants per group (n = 60 in total), with three replications. Data were collected weekly and analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests to compare growth and yield performance. The results show that IoT-based microclimate controllers significantly improved optimal temperature and humidity stability, increasing plant growth and crop yields. The average stem length and number of flowers per plant increased by 30% and 25%, respectively, compared to the control group, while vanillin content rose from 1.8% to 2.5%. These findings offer new insights into sustainable vanilla cultivation management, which can be adopted by farmers to enhance productivity and quality. Recommendations for further research include developing more advanced systems, conducting cost-benefit analyses, and applying these technologies in different climatic conditions.
Optimizing Seedling Density per Planting Hole of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) in a Deep Flow Technique Hydroponic System Febriana, I Gede; Wijana, Gede; Sukewijaya, I Made; Darmawati, Ida Ayu Putri; Pradnyawathi, Ni Luh Made
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 8, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v8i3.2441

Abstract

Market demand for baby romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) continues to rise alongside the public’s growing preference for healthy lifestyles, yet its productivity still needs improvement. This study aims to evaluate the effect of seedling density per planting hole on the growth and yield of baby romaine lettuce using the Deep Flow Technique (DFT) hydroponic system and to determine the optimal number of seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Pelaga Village, Bali, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor comprising five seedling densities (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 seedlings per hole) and six replications, totaling 120 plants.  Growth and yield parameters were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD at a 5% significance level, with regression applied to fresh shoot and crop weight. Results showed that increasing the number of seedlings significantly affected plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry shoot weight, and total fresh biomass. Shoot fresh weight increased linearly (Y = 97.86 + 11.71X; R² = 0.975), while crop fresh weight followed a quadratic trend (Y = 70.64 + 8.10X – 1.00X²; R² = 0.863), with the optimal yield obtained at three seedlings per hole. It is concluded that planting three seedlings per hole offers the best outcome in terms of both quality and quantity in a DFT hydroponic system.
Global Market Position and Demand Elasticities of Indonesian Areca Nut: An AIDS Model Analysis Futrinelsa, Silviony; Suharno, Suharno; Utami, Anisa Dwi
Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal Vol 8, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Panji Sakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37637/ab.v8i3.2449

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the market position and competitiveness of Indonesian areca nut exports in the global market using the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model. Indonesia has remained the dominant exporter of areca nut globally, holding over 50% of the market share from 2012 to 2024. However, recent fluctuations in export value and competition from other major exporters such as Myanmar, Thailand, and India highlight the need for a deeper understanding of market dynamics. The analysis utilizes secondary data under HS Code 080280, spanning the 2012–2024 period, and employs the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) approach to estimate own-price, cross-price, and expenditure elasticities. Results indicate that Indonesia’s areca nut exports are price inelastic, suggesting limited responsiveness to price changes. Cross-price elasticity values reveal complementary relationships with India and Myanmar, as well as a substitutive relationship with Thailand. Expenditure elasticity further classifies Indonesian areca nut as a normal good, in contrast to Thailand and Myanmar’s luxury classification, and India’s categorization as an inferior good. These findings provide critical insights for developing strategies to enhance the competitiveness and export performance of Indonesian areca nut in international markets.

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