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Legitimasi Penerbitan Sertifikat Hak Atas Tanah di Wilayah Perairan Laut dalam Hukum Agraria Indonesia Naufal Rodiyatul Maula; Yuniar Rahmatiar; Muhammad Abas; Suyono Sanjaya
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12332

This research examines the legality of issuing ownership certificates (SHM) and building use rights (HGB) in marine areas, a practice that continues to appear in land administration despite the absence of a clear legal foundation. The fundamental problem is seen in the inconsistency between the Basic Agrarian Law, the legal regime governing marine spatial areas, and administrative practices that treat the sea as if it were eligible to become an object of land rights. Using a normative juridical technique with statutory and conceptual approaches, complemented by an examination of relevant administrative practices, this study assesses the compatibility of such certifications with the principle of legal certainty. The findings indicate that marine waters do not meet the criteria required to constitute a purpose of land rights, making the issuing of SHM/HGB in these locations legally defective and susceptible to cancellation through internal administrative correction or judicial review before the administrative court. Another finding highlights the legal uncertainty faced by certificate holders and third parties due to the inherently non-privatizable nature of marine areas. The originality of this research resides in its comprehensive investigation of the discord between agrarian and maritime legal regimes and its proposed regulatory reforms to prevent the recurrence of land-rights certification in marine spaces. Penelitian ini mengkaji legalitas penerbitan Meskipun tidak memiliki landasan hukum yang jelas, sertifikat hak milik (SHM) dan hak guna bangunan di perairan laut masih banyak digunakan dalam prosedur administrasi pertanahan. Permasalahan utamanya terlihat pada ketidaksinkronan antara Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, rezim hukum ruang laut, serta kewenangan administrasi pertanahan yang memperlakukan laut seolah-olah dapat menjadi objek hak atas tanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, serta mengevaluasi prosedur administratif penting untuk menilai kepatuhannya terhadap asas kepastian hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laut tidak memenuhi kualifikasi sebagai objek hak atas tanah sehingga penerbitan SHM/HGB di wilayah tersebut merupakan tindakan administratif yang tidak sah dan berpotensi dibatalkan melalui mekanisme koreksi internal maupun peradilan tata usaha negara. Temuan lainnya adalah adanya risiko ketidakpastian hukum bagi pemegang sertifikat dan pihak ketiga akibat status objek yang tidak dapat dilekati hak privat. Orisinalitas penelitian ini terletak pada investigasi lengkap tentang ketidaksesuaian antara undang-undang pertanian dan kelautan serta rekomendasi penataan regulasi yang dapat mencegah berulangnya penerbitan hak atas tanah di wilayah laut.

Pelanggaran Hukum dan Perspektif Sadd Adz-Dzarī’ah Pada Modifikasi Lampu Kendaraan Mukty, Anjas; Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12740

This study aims to examine the use of modified motor vehicle lights that do not comply with standards based on positive law and the perspective of Sadd Adz-Dzarī‘ah. Motor vehicles, which basically function as a means of transportation, have now also become a medium of expression through various forms of modification. However, these modifications cause problems, especially high-intensity lights that have the potential to cause accidents. The method used is normative juridical, with a focus on the analysis of positive law and Islamic law. The results of the study show that the use of high-intensity motor vehicle lights that do not meet standards not only violates positive law but also Islamic law based on the principle of Sadd Adz-Dzarī‘ah. This principle establishes the law by closing all paths that can lead to damage. Findings in the field show a high risk of accidents and fatalities, so the use of these lights needs to be prohibited because they have the potential to cause damage. This study expands the application of the Sadd Adz-Dzarī‘ah rule in the context of modern law as a theoretical basis for preventing traffic violations, and provides a reference for law enforcement and religious institutions to integrate this principle in the supervision and enactment of laws related to vehicle light modification. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji penggunaan lampu modifikasi kendaraan bermotor yang tidak sesuai standar berdasarkan hukum positif dan perspektif Sadd Adz-Dzarī‘ah. Kendaraan bermotor yang pada dasarnya berfungsi sebagai alat transportasi kini juga menjadi media ekspresi melalui berbagai bentuk modifikasi. Namun, modifikasi tersebut menimbulkan permasalahan, khususnya pada lampu berintensitas tinggi yang berpotensi menyebabkan kecelakaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan fokus pada analisis hukum positif dan hukum Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan lampu kendaraan bermotor dengan intensitas cahaya tinggi yang tidak sesuai standar tidak hanya melanggar hukum positif, tetapi juga hukum Islam berdasarkan prinsip Sadd Adz-Dzarī‘ah. Prinsip ini menetapkan hukum dengan menutup segala jalan yang dapat mengarah pada kerusakan. Temuan di lapangan menunjukkan tingginya risiko kecelakaan dan korban jiwa, sehingga penggunaan lampu tersebut perlu dilarang karena berpotensi menimbulkan kerusakan. Penelitian ini memperluas penerapan kaidah Sadd Adz-Dzarī‘ah dalam konteks hukum modern sebagai dasar teoritis pencegahan pelanggaran lalu lintas, serta memberikan acuan bagi penegak hukum dan lembaga keagamaan untuk mengintegrasikan prinsip ini dalam pengawasan dan penetapan hukum terkait modifikasi lampu kendaraan.

Transforming Civil Procedural Law in the Digital Era: Evidence, Contracts, and Legal Certainty Siregar, Dahris
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12746

This study examines the transformation of Indonesian civil procedural law in responding to the growing use of electronic contracts and digital evidence in the era of electronic commerce. Although electronic contracts have been formally recognized under Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions and its amendment, Law Number 19 of 2016, their application in civil dispute resolution continues to raise legal uncertainty, particularly in relation to evidentiary standards. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches to analyze the conformity of electronic contracts with the requirements of contract validity under Article 1320 of the Civil Code and their position within the evidentiary system governed by Article 1866 of the Civil Code. The findings demonstrate that electronic contracts possess evidentiary value equivalent to written documents, provided that electronic information and documents are accessible, readable, verifiable, and their authenticity and integrity are ensured through lawful electronic systems, digital signatures, and digital forensic verification. Furthermore, electronic evidence is affirmed as an extension of written evidence within civil procedural law, thereby strengthening legal certainty in civil disputes arising from digital transactions. The novelty of this research lies in its confirmation that the theory of civil procedural evidence accommodates electronic contracts as legally valid proof comparable to conventional written evidence, as long as both formal and substantive legal requirements are fulfilled. Accordingly, this study underscores the urgency of harmonizing civil procedural law with technological developments to enhance legal certainty, evidentiary reliability, and justice in Indonesia’s digital transaction framework.

Reassessing Article 51 of the Indonesian Competition Law Through the KPPU Decision No. 13/KPPU-I/2014 Jingga Ardeanti Putri; Iwan Erar Joesoef
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12814

This study analyses the principle of legal certainty in direct appointment practices conducted by State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) within the framework of Indonesian business competition law, using the KPPU Decision No. 13/KPPU-I/2014 involving PT Angkasa Pura I and PT ExecuJet Indonesia as a case study. The research examines the tension between the monopoly exemption granted to BUMN under Article 51 of Law No. 5 of 1999 and its obligation to uphold fair competition in the procurement process. A normative juridical method was employed, combining statutory and case study approaches, with secondary data analysed qualitatively. The findings reveal that although Article 51 allows BUMN to operate monopolies in sectors related to essential services, the direct appointment of PT ExecuJet Indonesia by PT Angkasa Pura I constituted conduct inconsistent with the principles of fair competition. The transaction failed to satisfy transparency and accountability requirements, thereby creating legal uncertainty in the procurement mechanism. This study concludes that the current regulatory framework does not sufficiently prevent anti-competitive behaviour by BUMN when exercising monopoly privileges. Therefore, a reformulation of procurement policies is required to align BUMN practices with the principles of legal certainty, transparency, and fair business competition. The study contributes to the development of competition law discourse by highlighting the regulatory gaps in the intersection between monopoly exemptions and procurement governance.

The Principle of Justice in The Dispute Between Hendy Irwanto Fong and KSP Indosurya Regarding Termination of Employment Mikie Aditya Wicaksana; Iwan Erar Joesoef
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12832

This study analyzes the application of the principle of justice in efficiency-based employment termination disputes, focusing on Supreme Court Decision No. 1774 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2022 concerning the dispute between Hendy Irwanto Fong and KSP Indosurya. The increasing reliance on efficiency as a ground for termination, particularly during periods of economic crisis, has intensified tensions between business sustainability and the protection of workers’ rights. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches to examine judicial reasoning and its implications for substantive justice. The findings reveal that the Supreme Court prioritized procedural legal certainty by affirming the judex facti decision, while insufficiently addressing proportional fairness in the calculation and fulfillment of workers’ entitlements. The absence of complete material evidence, particularly regarding wage components, significantly weakened the worker’s claim and resulted in limited protection of substantive rights. This study demonstrates that formal compliance with procedural law often outweighs considerations of distributive and corrective justice, as articulated in Aristotelian justice theory. The novelty of this research lies in its dual contribution: practically, it formulates strategic guidance for drafting employment termination claims that are both formally valid and materially substantiated to strengthen workers’ access to justice; academically, it enriches labor law scholarship by integrating justice theory with judicial practice in Indonesian industrial relations disputes. The study concludes that achieving fairness in employment termination cases requires not only procedural compliance but also material completeness, judicial sensitivity to proportional justice, and institutional support to address evidentiary imbalances between employers and workers.

Evaluasi Kebijakan Perizinan Usaha Berbasis Risiko Pada Usaha Mikro Adel Wella , Berta; Khasanah, Dian Ratu Ayu Uswatun; Pongantung, Ronald Jolly
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12856

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the risk-based business licensing policy through the Online Single Submission Risk-Based Approach (OSS-RBA) for micro-enterprises in Blora Regency and to formulate policy strengthening strategies to enhance the effectiveness and equity of licensing services for sustainable micro-enterprise empowerment. The research is motivated by the fact that many micro-entrepreneurs still lack legal business status, limiting their access to financing, training, and partnership opportunities. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method using primary and secondary data, documentation, and interviews with DPMPTSP officers and thirty micro-entrepreneurs. The findings indicate that the OSS-RBA has been effective, efficient, adequate, responsive, and accurate, as evidenced by a significant increase in Business Identification Numbers (NIB) from 1,118 in 2021 to 8,132 in 2023 and 6,257 in 2024, supported by the jemput bola outreach program that reached 541 micro-entrepreneurs across multiple districts. Nevertheless, equity remains a challenge due to limited human resources and technical disruptions at the central OSS system. Based on Dunn’s six dimensions of public policy evaluation, the OSS-RBA policy is considered substantively successful but requires strengthening in human resource capacity and system stability to ensure service sustainability and fairness. The study enriches the theoretical discourse on digital-based public policy evaluation and provides practical contributions to improving inclusive and sustainable risk-based business licensing governance for micro-enterprise development. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan kebijakan perizinan usaha berbasis risiko melalui sistem Online Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) pada usaha mikro di Kabupaten Blora serta merumuskan strategi penguatan kebijakan yang dapat meningkatkan efektivitas dan pemerataan layanan perizinan dalam rangka pemberdayaan usaha mikro secara berkelanjutan. Latar belakang penelitian ini didorong oleh masih banyaknya pelaku usaha mikro yang belum memiliki legalitas, sehingga kesulitan mengakses pembiayaan, pelatihan, dan peluang kemitraan. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif melalui analisis data primer, sekunder, dokumentasi, dan wawancara dengan petugas DPMPTSP serta tiga puluh pelaku usaha mikro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi OSS-RBA telah berjalan efektif, efisien, cukup memadai, responsif, dan tepat sasaran, yang tercermin dari peningkatan signifikan jumlah Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) dari 1.118 pada 2021 menjadi 8.132 pada 2023 dan 6.257 pada 2024 melalui program jemput bola yang menjangkau 541 pelaku usaha. Namun, aspek pemerataan masih terhalang oleh keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, jangkauan program yang belum merata, dan gangguan teknis sistem di tingkat pusat. Berdasarkan evaluasi enam dimensi kebijakan publik menurut Dunn, kebijakan OSS-RBA berhasil secara substantif namun masih memerlukan penguatan kapasitas SDM dan infrastruktur digital untuk menjamin keberlanjutan serta pemerataan layanan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperluas pemahaman tentang efektivitas kebijakan perizinan digital di tingkat daerah melalui penerapan enam dimensi evaluasi Dunn secara komprehensif dan memberikan rekomendasi praktis bagi peningkatan tata kelola perizinan usaha mikro yang lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan.

Kritik Yuridis Terhadap Sistem First to File Pada Perlindungan Hukum Merek Indonesia Winata, Henry; Satino Satino
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12903

The purpose of this study is to examine the basis of a judge's considerations and the form of legal protection related to the cancellation of the Nacepim trademark registration, as stated in Supreme Court Decision Number 639 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2020. The first-to-file system in Indonesia still leaves room for injustice for business actors who have used a trademark in practice but did not immediately apply for registration, thus requiring a reassessment of the trademark registration mechanism. The urgency of this research arises from the need to balance legal certainty and substantive justice for bona fide early users. The method used is normative legal research through a case study and legislation approach. The findings show that although the judge's considerations in the Nacepim case followed the provisions of the Trademark Law, the absolute application of first to file still has weaknesses, including the risk of trademark squatting and a lack of protection for first users. This study concludes that there is a need for a registration model that combines the first-to-file principle with the first-to-use element, accompanied by stricter substantive examinations and both preventive and repressive protection mechanisms by the DJKI. The novelty of this study lies in the proposed hybrid model and the analysis of the latest ruling that strengthens the position of early users in facing bad-faith registrations. Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji dasar pertimbangan hakim serta bentuk perlindungan hukum terkait pembatalan pendaftaran merek Nacepim sebagaimana tercantum dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 639 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2020. Sistem first to file di Indonesia masih menyisakan ruang ketidakadilan bagi pelaku usaha yang telah lebih dahulu memakai merek secara nyata, tetapi tidak segera mengajukan pendaftaran, sehingga diperlukan penilaian ulang terhadap mekanisme pendaftaran merek. Urgensi penelitian ini muncul dari kebutuhan menyeimbangkan antara kepastian hukum dan keadilan substantif bagi pengguna awal yang beriktikad baik. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan kasus dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa walaupun pertimbangan hakim dalam perkara Nacepim telah mengikuti ketentuan UU Merek, penerapan first to file secara absolut tetap menyimpan kelemahan, termasuk risiko trademark squatting dan kurangnya perlindungan bagi pemakai pertama. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perlunya model pendaftaran yang menggabungkan prinsip first to file dengan unsur first to use, disertai pemeriksaan substantif yang lebih ketat dan mekanisme perlindungan baik preventif maupun represif oleh DJKI. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada tawaran model hibrida tersebut serta analisis putusan terbaru yang memperkuat posisi pengguna awal dalam menghadapi pendaftaran beriktikad buruk.

Proporsionalitas dan Akuntabilitas dalam Tata Kelola Digital Atas Pembatasan Akses Internet Bagi Anak di Indonesia Eka Nurhikmah; Nelvina Djaja; Laurenzia Luna
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12924

This study examines the policy on restricting children’s internet access following the enactment of Government Regulation No. 17 of 2025 through the lens of Administrative Law and international children’s rights. The growing use of digital platforms by children offers educational benefits but simultaneously exposes them to harmful content, digital exploitation, privacy risks, and potential technology addiction. The study addresses the need for a regulatory framework that ensures child protection while upholding proportionality, justice, and Indonesia’s obligations under the CRC and ICCPR. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and comparative approaches, this research analyses national regulations and compares them with international practices, particularly in Singapore. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on children as a vulnerable group often overlooked in internet restriction debates and its integrative analysis linking national administrative law with international child rights standards. The findings indicate that Government Regulation No. 17 of 2025 constitutes a progressive step toward strengthening child protection in the digital sphere. However, several challenges remain, including unclear age-verification standards, risks of data leakage, and potential limitations on children’s rights to access information and participate in digital environments. This study concludes that clear technical guidelines, robust accountability mechanisms for Electronic System Providers, and enhanced parental digital literacy are essential to ensure effective, proportional, and equitable implementation of the policy. Penelitian ini menganalisis kebijakan pembatasan akses internet bagi anak setelah diterbitkannya PP No. 17 Tahun 2025 dari perspektif Hukum Administrasi Negara (HAN) dan hak anak internasional. Peningkatan penggunaan platform digital oleh anak memberikan manfaat pendidikan, tetapi juga menimbulkan risiko konten berbahaya, eksploitasi digital, pelanggaran privasi, serta potensi kecanduan teknologi. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya regulasi yang tidak hanya berorientasi pada perlindungan anak, tetapi juga selaras dengan prinsip keadilan, proporsionalitas, serta kewajiban Indonesia berdasarkan CRC dan ICCPR. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan dan perbandingan, termasuk meninjau praktik negara lain seperti Singapura. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada fokus terhadap anak sebagai kelompok rentan yang kerap terabaikan dalam diskursus pembatasan internet serta analisis integratif yang menghubungkan HAN dengan standar hak anak internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PP No. 17 Tahun 2025 merupakan langkah progresif dalam penguatan perlindungan anak di ruang digital, namun implementasinya masih menghadapi tantangan terkait standar verifikasi usia, risiko kebocoran data, serta potensi pembatasan hak anak atas informasi dan partisipasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perlunya pedoman teknis yang jelas, mekanisme akuntabilitas yang kuat bagi PSE, serta peningkatan literasi digital orang tua untuk memastikan implementasi kebijakan yang efektif, proporsional, dan berkeadilan.

Kepastian Hukum Business Judgment Rule Dalam Memberikan Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Direksi Perseroan Lina Husnul Khairiyyah; Heru Sugiyono
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12930

This study aims to examine legal certainty and the accountability of directors in making business decisions through the application of the Business Judgment Rule (BJR) doctrine. The background of this research stems from the high risk of criminalization against directors who act in a business capacity, even though they have acted in good faith. The urgency of this research lies in the need for legal certainty that can provide protection for directors so that they remain bold in making strategic decisions without fear of legal threats. This study uses a normative juridical method with a case approach, namely Decision No. 12/Pid.Sus-TPK/2024/PN Jkt.Pst related to LNG procurement by Pertamina. The results of the analysis show that the BJR doctrine has the potential to provide legal protection for directors, as long as business decisions are made in good faith, with due care, and without conflicts of interest. However, this protection is conditional because it can still be set aside in the event of a violation of the principles of GCG and fiduciary duty. In Decision No. 12/Pid.Sus-TPK/2024/PN Jkt.Pst, BJR's defense was rejected due to procedural violations, such as the absence of approval from the Board of Commissioners and the General Meeting of Shareholders, as well as the absence of adequate risk assessment and technical analysis. The novelty of this study lies in its normative analysis of the application of BJR in criminal cases involving state-owned enterprises, which has not been widely studied in Indonesian legal literature. The consistent application of GCG and fiduciary duty principles is key to achieving legal certainty and protecting directors from future legal risks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah kepastian hukum dan pertanggungjawaban direksi dalam mengambil keputusan bisnis melalui penerapan doktrin Business Judgment Rule (BJR). Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari tingginya risiko kriminalisasi terhadap direksi yang bertindak dalam kapasitas bisnis meskipun telah beritikad baik. Urgensi penulisan terletak pada kebutuhan akan kepastian hukum yang mampu memberikan perlindungan bagi direksi agar tetap berani mengambil keputusan strategis tanpa rasa takut terhadap ancaman hukum. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan yaitu yuridis normatif dengan fokus pada pendekatan kasus, khususnya melalui Putusan No. 12/Pid.Sus-TPK/2024/PN Jkt.Pst terkait pengadaan LNG oleh Pertamina. Dari analisis yang dilakukan, terlihat bahwa doktrin BJR berpotensi memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi direksi, sepanjang keputusan bisnis dilakukan dengan itikad baik, kehati-hatian, dan tanpa konflik kepentingan. Namun, perlindungan tersebut bersifat kondisional karena tetap dapat dikesampingkan apabila terjadi pelanggaran terhadap prinsip GCG dan fiduciary duty. Dalam Putusan No. 12/Pid.Sus-TPK/2024/PN Jkt.Pst, pembelaan BJR ditolak karena terdapat pelanggaran prosedural, seperti ketiadaan persetujuan Dewan Komisaris dan RUPS, serta absennya kajian risiko dan analisis teknis yang memadai. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis normatif terhadap penerapan BJR dalam perkara pidana korporasi BUMN, yang sebelumnya belum banyak dikaji dalam literatur hukum Indonesia. Penerapan prinsip GCG dan fiduciary duty secara konsisten menjadi kunci terwujudnya kepastian hukum dan perlindungan direksi dari risiko hukum di masa mendatang.

Keadilan Hukum Bagi Pekerja Berdasarkan Klausul Non-Kompetisi Dalam Kontrak Kerja Dennis Atallah; Suherman Suherman
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12932

This study analyzes legal justice for workers in the application of non-competition clauses in employment contracts, particularly in the context of unequal bargaining positions between employers and employees. Although non-competition clauses are commonly used to protect trade secrets and business interests, Indonesian labor law does not explicitly regulate their scope and limitations, resulting in legal uncertainty and inconsistent judicial decisions. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches, focusing on court decisions concerning non-competition clauses and comparing Indonesian practice with regulatory models in the United States. The findings reveal that the application of non-competition clauses may restrict workers’ constitutional right to work and hinder career mobility, especially when such clauses are imposed without proportional compensation and clear limitations. The study further demonstrates that excessive reliance on the principle of freedom of contract often undermines substantive justice for workers. The novelty of this research lies in offering a comparative regulatory framework that integrates j Penelitian ini mengkaji urgensi pengaturan sanksi hukum dalam Pasal 157A Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Cipta Kerja dalam rangka memperkuat perlindungan pekerja dan menjamin kepastian hukum dalam praktik pemutusan hubungan kerja. Ketiadaan norma sanksi yang tegas dan operasional terhadap pelanggaran ketentuan PHK menimbulkan ambiguitas normatif yang melemahkan penegakan hukum serta menciptakan ketimpangan perlindungan antara pengusaha dan pekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual untuk menganalisis kedudukan Pasal 157A dalam sistem sanksi hukum ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumusan Pasal 157A masih bersifat umum dan belum memiliki daya sanksi yang efektif jika dibandingkan dengan ketentuan lain dalam klaster ketenagakerjaan, khususnya Pasal 185–189 yang secara tegas mengatur sanksi administratif dan pidana. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan norma Pasal 157A cenderung tidak efektif dalam mencegah praktik PHK yang sewenang-wenang. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi konseptual melalui tawaran rekonstruksi norma sanksi yang lebih spesifik dan proporsional dengan menitikberatkan pada sanksi administratif yang diperkuat dengan denda sebagai ultimum remedium, guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan yang berimbang dalam hubungan industrial. ustice-oriented principles, including reasonable duration, limited scope, and compensation requirements, as reflected in the Freedom to Work Act and consideration requirements applied in the United States. This study concludes that the establishment of explicit and worker-oriented regulations on non-competition clauses is essential to ensure legal certainty, balanced protection, and a fair labor market in Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengkaji urgensi pengaturan sanksi hukum dalam Pasal 157A Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Cipta Kerja dalam rangka memperkuat perlindungan pekerja dan menjamin kepastian hukum dalam praktik pemutusan hubungan kerja. Ketiadaan norma sanksi yang tegas dan operasional terhadap pelanggaran ketentuan PHK menimbulkan ambiguitas normatif yang melemahkan penegakan hukum serta menciptakan ketimpangan perlindungan antara pengusaha dan pekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual untuk menganalisis kedudukan Pasal 157A dalam sistem sanksi hukum ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumusan Pasal 157A masih bersifat umum dan belum memiliki daya sanksi yang efektif jika dibandingkan dengan ketentuan lain dalam klaster ketenagakerjaan, khususnya Pasal 185–189 yang secara tegas mengatur sanksi administratif dan pidana. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan norma Pasal 157A cenderung tidak efektif dalam mencegah praktik PHK yang sewenang-wenang. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi konseptual melalui tawaran rekonstruksi norma sanksi yang lebih spesifik dan proporsional dengan menitikberatkan pada sanksi administratif yang diperkuat dengan denda sebagai ultimum remedium, guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan yang berimbang dalam hubungan industrial.

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Zaenal Arifin

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+6282242226898

Journal Mail Official
usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA

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Contact Name Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone +6282242226898

Journal Mail Official usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location Kota semarang, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email
zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone
+6282242226898

Journal Mail Official
usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA