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Model of Corporate Criminal Liability in Preventing Corporate Recidivism in Money Laundering Offenses Fadilah, Fatma Putri; Prasetyo, Handoyo
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12942

This study analyzes corporate criminal liability in money laundering cases involving PT Duta Palma Group through the lens of deterrence theory and examines strategies to optimize corporate liability to prevent repeat corporate offending. The research is motivated by the inadequate application of corporate criminal sanctions in the conviction of Surya Darmadi, the owner of PT Duta Palma Group, which failed to prevent subsequent money laundering offenses committed by Cheryl Darmadi involving cross-border fund transfers to Hong Kong and her escape to Singapore. A normative juridical method was employed, utilizing statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches. The novelty of this study lies in its integration of Jeremy Bentham’s deterrence theory with a comparative analysis of the French legal framework to develop a more effective model for corporate criminal liability. The findings indicate that the court's decision against Surya Darmadi lacked a sufficient deterrent effect because the sanctions imposed were not proportional to the financial and social harms caused. This study proposes a reformulated model for enhancing corporate criminal liability based on proportional sanctions, strengthened deterrence mechanisms, and the adoption of relevant features from the French legal system. Such a framework is expected to reduce the likelihood of corporate recidivism and promote more effective enforcement in money laundering cases.

Reformulasi Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Fraud Pada Lembaga Investasi Negara Aisyah Nurhalizah; Handoyo Prasetyo
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12957

This study analyzes the differences in the legal frameworks for fraud prevention in state investment institutions in Indonesia and Singapore to formulate an ideal model for strengthening Danantara's accountability as a state investment institution. The normative gap arises because Indonesia does not yet have an integrated legal system capable of addressing non-budgetary corporate fraud, while Singapore implements a more comprehensive approach through the PCA, Penal Code, and SFA, which are operated in an integrated manner by the CPIB, MAS, and CAD. This study uses a normative juridical method with legislative, comparative, and conceptual approaches to assess the effectiveness of regulations and formulate a reconstruction of the authority of law enforcement agencies. The results show that the limited definition of corruption in the Corruption Eradication Law and the scope of the Corruption Eradication Commission's authority, which is limited by Article 11, create a jurisdictional gap in handling fraud at Danantara. In contrast, Singapore has succeeded in establishing an integrated and preventive legal system based on the principle of corporate accountability. The novelty of this study lies in the idea of reformulating the KPK's authority to cover strategic corporate fraud and harmonizing criminal law and state investment governance within a single supervisory framework. These findings have important implications for the formulation of national policies to strengthen the integrity of state investment institutions through adaptive and prevention-oriented law enforcement. Penelitian ini menganalisis perbedaan kerangka hukum pencegahan fraud pada lembaga investasi negara di Indonesia dan Singapura untuk merumuskan model ideal penguatan akuntabilitas Danantara sebagai lembaga investasi negara. Kesenjangan normatif muncul karena Indonesia belum memiliki sistem hukum terintegrasi yang mampu menjangkau fraud korporasi non-anggaran, sementara Singapura menerapkan pendekatan yang lebih komprehensif melalui PCA, Penal Code, dan SFA yang dioperasikan secara terpadu oleh CPIB, MAS, dan CAD. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, perbandingan, dan konseptual untuk menilai efektivitas pengaturan dan merumuskan rekonstruksi kewenangan lembaga penegak hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan definisi korupsi dalam UU Tipikor serta ruang lingkup kewenangan KPK yang dibatasi Pasal 11 menimbulkan jurisdictional gap dalam penanganan fraud di Danantara. Sebaliknya, Singapura berhasil membangun sistem hukum yang terintegrasi dan preventif berdasarkan prinsip akuntabilitas korporasi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada gagasan reformulasi kewenangan KPK untuk mencakup fraud korporasi strategis serta harmonisasi hukum pidana dan tata kelola investasi negara dalam satu kerangka pengawasan. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi penting bagi perumusan kebijakan nasional guna memperkuat integritas lembaga investasi negara melalui penegakan hukum yang adaptif dan berorientasi pada pencegahan.

Urgensi Pengaturan Sanksi Hukum Pasal 157A Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja dalam Perlindungan Pekerja Lukman Lukman; Isnawati Isnawati; Farahwati Farahwati; S. Roy Hendrayanto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12967

This study examines the urgency of regulating legal sanctions under Article 157A of Law Number 6 of 2023 on Job Creation in strengthening worker protection and ensuring legal certainty in employment termination practices. The absence of explicit sanction norms for violations of termination of employment provisions has created a normative gap that weakens enforcement mechanisms and disrupts the balance of protection between employers and workers. This research employs a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches to analyze the coherence of Article 157A within the labor law sanction system. The findings indicate that Article 157A remains general in nature and lacks operational sanctioning power when compared to other provisions in the labor cluster, particularly Articles 185–189, which explicitly regulate administrative and criminal sanctions. Consequently, the provision tends to be non-self-executing and ineffective in preventing arbitrary termination practices. This study contributes conceptually by proposing the reconstruction of more specific and proportional sanction norms, combining administrative sanctions and fines as ultimum remedium, to enhance enforceability, legal certainty, and balanced protection in industrial relations. The research underscores that effective labor protection requires not only substantive rights regulation but also clear and enforceable sanction mechanisms to achieve justice and legal certainty in Indonesia’s employment law system. Penelitian ini mengkaji urgensi pengaturan sanksi hukum dalam Pasal 157A Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Cipta Kerja dalam rangka memperkuat perlindungan pekerja dan menjamin kepastian hukum dalam praktik pemutusan hubungan kerja. Ketiadaan norma sanksi yang tegas terhadap pelanggaran ketentuan pemutusan hubungan kerja telah menimbulkan kekosongan normatif yang melemahkan mekanisme penegakan hukum serta mengganggu keseimbangan perlindungan antara pengusaha dan pekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual untuk menganalisis koherensi Pasal 157A dalam sistem sanksi hukum ketenagakerjaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 157A masih bersifat umum dan belum memiliki daya operasional sanksi yang efektif jika dibandingkan dengan ketentuan lain dalam klaster ketenagakerjaan, khususnya Pasal 185–189 yang secara eksplisit mengatur sanksi administratif dan pidana. Akibatnya, ketentuan tersebut cenderung tidak bersifat self-executing dan kurang efektif dalam mencegah praktik pemutusan hubungan kerja secara sewenang-wenang. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi konseptual dengan mengusulkan rekonstruksi norma sanksi yang lebih spesifik dan proporsional melalui kombinasi sanksi administratif dan denda sebagai ultimum remedium, guna meningkatkan efektivitas penegakan hukum, kepastian hukum, serta keseimbangan perlindungan dalam hubungan industrial. Studi ini menegaskan bahwa perlindungan ketenagakerjaan yang efektif tidak hanya memerlukan pengaturan hak-hak substantif, tetapi juga mekanisme sanksi yang jelas dan dapat dilaksanakan untuk mewujudkan keadilan dan kepastian hukum dalam sistem hukum ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia.

Prinsip Good Governance dan Akuntabilitas Fiskal: Bukti Empiris dari Pengelolaan Anggaran Kabupaten Sumenep Rafdiansyah, Moh. Rayhan; Ronaboyd, Irfa
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12968

This study analyzes the implementation of good governance principles in managing the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) of Sumenep Regency in 2023. The research is based on Sumenep’s condition as an archipelagic region with fiscal limitations and geographical challenges that affect financial management effectiveness. The study underscores the need to balance fiscal decentralization with the principles of transparency, accountability, public participation, effectiveness, efficiency, and the rule of law. Using an empirical approach and a descriptive-analytical design, it combines interview data from the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) and community figures with analyses of the Budget Realization Report, audit results from the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK), and relevant regulations. Results show that transparency improved through the PPID portal but remains limited by publication timeliness and data format; accountability is still administrative due to dominant routine spending (83.9%) over capital expenditure (16.1%); public participation is mainly formal through Musrenbang; fiscal effectiveness is low because of high logistics costs and stagnant HDI (68.61); while the rule of law emphasizes procedural compliance without strong enforcement and anti-corruption control. The study’s novelty lies in its comprehensive empirical mapping of the five good governance principles in archipelagic regional financial management. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan prinsip good governance dalam pengelolaan APBD Kabupaten Sumenep Tahun 2023. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari kondisi Kabupaten Sumenep sebagai wilayah kepulauan dengan keterbatasan fiskal dan tantangan geografis yang berdampak pada efektivitas tata kelola keuangan daerah. Urgensi penelitian terletak pada perlunya memastikan desentralisasi fiskal berjalan seimbang dengan prinsip transparansi, akuntabilitas, partisipasi publik, efektivitas dan efisiensi, sertasupremasi hukum. Menggunakan pendekatan empiris dan rancangan deskriptif-analitis, penelitian ini mengombinasikan data wawancara dengan DPRD dan tokoh masyarakat serta analisis terhadap Laporan Realisasi APBD, hasil audit BPK, dan regulasi terkait. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa transparansi meningkat melalui portal PPID, namun masih terkendala ketepatan publikasi dan format data; akuntabilitas belum substantif karena dominasi belanja rutin 83,9 persen dibanding belanja modal 16,1 persen; partisipasi publik bersifat formal melalui Musrenbang; efektivitas fiskal rendah karena biaya logistik tinggi dan IPM stagnan 68,61; sedangkan supremasi hukum masih menekankan kepatuhan prosedural tanpa penguatan penegakan dan kontrol antikorupsi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pemetaan empiris komprehensif terhadap lima prinsip good governance dalam konteks keuangan daerah kepulauan.

Penyelesaian Sengketa Pemisahan Harta Bersama Setelah Dibuatnya Perjanjian Kawin Dalam Masa Perkawinan Erina Nur Afifa; Dwi Aryanti Ramadhani
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12993

This study analyzes the legal implications and dispute resolution mechanisms concerning the division of joint marital property following the recognition of postnuptial agreements made during marriage after Constitutional Court Decision No. 69/PUU-XIII/2015. The decision marked a significant shift in Indonesian marriage law by allowing spouses to conclude marital agreements not only before or at the time of marriage but also during the subsistence of marriage, thereby introducing greater contractual flexibility in property arrangements. Employing a normative juridical research method with statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, this study examines the legal force of postnuptial agreements and their consequences for spouses and third parties. The findings indicate that postnuptial agreements are legally valid instruments for separating joint property only if they are formally registered; otherwise, they bind the spouses internally and do not affect third parties such as creditors. Disputes arising from joint property separation may be resolved through litigation, which offers stronger legal certainty, or through non-litigation mechanisms that emphasize efficiency and amicable settlement. The novelty of this study lies in its focused analysis of dispute resolution models arising specifically from postnuptial agreements, highlighting the crucial role of registration and notarial involvement in ensuring legal certainty, fairness, and balanced protection for all parties within Indonesia’s marital property regime. Penelitian ini menganalisis implikasi hukum serta mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa pemisahan harta bersama akibat pembuatan perjanjian kawin dalam masa perkawinan pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 69/PUU-XIII/2015. Putusan tersebut menandai perubahan mendasar dalam hukum perkawinan Indonesia dengan memberikan ruang bagi suami istri untuk menyusun perjanjian perkawinan tidak hanya sebelum atau pada saat perkawinan, tetapi juga selama perkawinan berlangsung, sehingga meningkatkan fleksibilitas pengaturan harta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan konseptual untuk mengkaji kekuatan hukum perjanjian kawin pascanikah serta dampaknya terhadap para pihak dan pihak ketiga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian kawin yang dibuat dalam masa perkawinan hanya memiliki kekuatan hukum penuh apabila dicatatkan secara resmi; tanpa pencatatan, perjanjian tersebut hanya mengikat secara internal dan tidak berlaku terhadap pihak ketiga seperti kreditur. Sengketa yang timbul dapat diselesaikan melalui jalur litigasi yang memberikan kepastian hukum lebih kuat atau melalui non-litigasi yang lebih efisien dan berorientasi pada perdamaian. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penekanan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang secara spesifik timbul dari perjanjian kawin pascanikah serta pentingnya peran pencatatan dan notaris dalam menjamin kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan keseimbangan perlindungan bagi seluruh pihak dalam rezim harta perkawinan di Indonesia.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Atas Produk Bersertifikat Halal Yang Mengandung Unsur Tidak Halal Tambunan, Joy Catherine Carina; Suherman Suherman
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12994

This study aims to examine the legal liability of business actors and the Halal Product Supervisory Agency (BPJPH) for halal-certified products proven to contain non-halal elements, as well as to analyze legal protection for consumers who are harmed. The background of the study is based on the discovery of seven halal-certified products containing porcine elements, which demonstrates the urgency of evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of three main regulatory pillars (the Consumer Protection Law, the Halal Product Guarantee Law, and Government Regulation No. 42 of 2024) in ensuring legal protection for Muslim consumers. This study uses a normative legal method with a statute approach and a case study approach to the findings of seven halal-certified products proven to be non-halal, with primary and secondary legal data sources. The novelty of the study is reflected in a comprehensive analysis of post-certification systemic failures as a gap between the law on the books and the law in action. The results of the study indicate dual legal liability, namely the liability of business actors (based on strict liability and liability based on fault) and the public accountability of BPJPH for negligence in carrying out its supervisory mandate. It was found that consumer legal protection, while strong normatively, proved weak in implementation due to the failure of its preventive (supervisory) function. This study recommends fundamental strengthening of the BPJPH's post-market surveillance function to restore the system's integrity and ensure effective legal protection for Muslim consumers. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji bentuk pertanggungjawaban hukum pelaku usaha dan BPJPH terhadap produk bersertifikat halal yang terbukti mengandung unsur tidak halal, serta menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen yang dirugikan. Latar belakang penelitian didasarkan pada temuan tujuh produk bersertifikat halal yang mengandung unsur babi (porcine), yang menunjukkan urgensi evaluasi efektivitas implementasi tiga pilar regulasi utama (UU Perlindungan Konsumen, UU Jaminan Produk Halal, dan PP No. 42 Tahun 2024) dalam menjamin proteksi yuridis bagi konsumen Muslim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan studi kasus (case approach) terhadap temuan tujuh produk bersertifikat halal yang terbukti tidak halal, dengan sumber data hukum primer dan sekunder. Unsur kebaruan penelitian tercermin pada analisis menyeluruh terhadap kegagalan sistemik pasca-sertifikasi sebagai kesenjangan antara law in the book dan law in action. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pertanggungjawaban hukum ganda yaitu pertanggungjawaban pelaku usaha (berbasis strict liability dan liability based on fault) dan pertanggungjawaban publik BPJPH atas kelalaian (negligence) dalam menjalankan mandat pengawasan. Ditemukan bahwa perlindungan hukum konsumen, meski kuat secara normatif, terbukti lemah secara implementatif akibat kegagalan fungsi preventif (pengawasan). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan fundamental pada fungsi pengawasan pasca-pasar (post-market surveillance) oleh BPJPH guna memulihkan integritas sistem dan menjamin perlindungan hukum yang efektif bagi konsumen Muslim.

Konstruksi Hukum Indonesia atas Integrasi Flag State dan Port State terhadap Kejahatan Maritim Amuwardhani, Kevin Mahesa; Laot Kian, Antonius Maria
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.13003

This study analyzes Indonesia’s legal construction in integrating the authority of the flag state and port state to address transnational maritime crimes within the framework of UNCLOS. As the world’s largest archipelagic state, Indonesia faces persistent threats such as drug trafficking, human smuggling, and maritime terrorism, which exploit jurisdictional gaps and fragmented institutional authority. Using a normative–prescriptive legal method, this research applies statutory analysis, conceptual interpretation, and comparative studies of maritime governance practices in Singapore, Australia, and the Netherlands. The findings reveal that although Law No. 17 of 2008 on Shipping provides a legal basis for flag state and port state functions, their implementation remains fragmented, resulting in enforcement gaps and limited functional sovereignty. This study proposes an “Integrated Flag–Port State Functional Sovereignty Model” that harmonizes national regulations, strengthens multi-agency coordination under Bakamla as a maritime fusion authority, utilizes AI-based maritime intelligence for real-time surveillance, and enhances regional cooperation through ASEAN and the Tokyo MoU. The novelty of this research lies in formulating an operational-prescriptive model that explicitly integrates flag state and port state authorities into a unified functional sovereignty framework, offering a concrete legal blueprint to improve maritime law enforcement and close jurisdictional gaps in Indonesia’s maritime governance system. Penelitian ini menganalisis konstruksi hukum Indonesia dalam mengintegrasikan kewenangan flag state dan port state guna menanggulangi kejahatan maritim transnasional berdasarkan kerangka UNCLOS. Sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar, Indonesia menghadapi ancaman serius berupa penyelundupan narkotika, perdagangan manusia, dan terorisme maritim yang memanfaatkan celah yurisdiksi serta fragmentasi kewenangan antarinstansi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif bersifat preskriptif melalui analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, serta studi komparatif terhadap praktik tata kelola maritim di Singapura, Australia, dan Belanda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran telah mengatur fungsi flag state dan port state, pelaksanaannya masih berjalan parsial sehingga melemahkan kedaulatan fungsional dan efektivitas penegakan hukum maritim. Penelitian ini menawarkan “Model Kedaulatan Fungsional Terintegrasi Flag State–Port State” yang menekankan harmonisasi regulasi nasional, penguatan koordinasi multi-agensi dengan Bakamla sebagai maritime fusion authority, pemanfaatan intelijen maritim berbasis kecerdasan buatan untuk pengawasan real-time, serta peningkatan kerja sama regional melalui ASEAN dan Tokyo MoU. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada perumusan model integratif yang menyatukan kewenangan flag state dan port state dalam satu kerangka operasional-preskriptif guna menutup celah yurisdiksi dan memperkuat penegakan hukum maritim Indonesia.

Pluralisme Hukum dan Keadilan Gender Dalam Penetapan Nafkah Istri di Indonesia Sarah Sarah; M Adi Saputra; Firdaus Akbar; Syahriati Fakhriah
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12707

This study examines how legal pluralism shapes the determination of spousal maintenance and the protection of wives’ rights in Indonesia from a gender justice perspective. The coexistence of Islamic law, customary law, and state law often produces normative overlap and inconsistent judicial practices, which in turn weaken women’s economic protection, particularly after divorce. Existing studies tend to address these legal systems separately or adopt a purely descriptive approach, leaving a gap in integrative and evaluative analysis grounded in substantive justice. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this research analyzes Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage, the Compilation of Islamic Law, and selected religious court decisions concerning post-divorce maintenance. The findings reveal that gender injustice persists through biased interpretations of husbands’ maintenance obligations, the influence of patriarchal customary norms that obscure individual responsibility, and disparities in judicial reasoning across regions. This study contributes originality by operationalizing maqashid al-sharia, particularly the principles of protection of life (hifz al-nafs) and protection of property (hifz al-mal), as an evaluative framework for assessing gender justice within a plural legal order. The study argues that integrating maqashid al-sharia with gender-sensitive legal interpretation is essential for reconstructing Indonesian family law toward greater legal certainty and substantive justice for wives. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh pluralisme hukum terhadap penetapan nafkah dan perlindungan hak istri di Indonesia dari perspektif keadilan gender. Koeksistensi hukum Islam, hukum adat, dan hukum negara kerap melahirkan tumpang tindih norma serta ketidakkonsistenan praktik peradilan, yang berdampak pada lemahnya perlindungan hak ekonomi perempuan, khususnya pasca perceraian. Penelitian terdahulu umumnya masih bersifat parsial atau deskriptif, sehingga belum mengintegrasikan ketiga sistem hukum tersebut dalam kerangka evaluasi keadilan substantif. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yuridis melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif, penelitian ini menganalisis Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, Kompilasi Hukum Islam, serta sejumlah putusan pengadilan agama terkait nafkah pasca perceraian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidakadilan gender termanifestasi dalam bias penafsiran kewajiban nafkah suami, dominasi norma adat yang patriarkal, serta perbedaan pertimbangan hakim antarwilayah. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pemanfaatan maqashid syariah, khususnya prinsip perlindungan jiwa (hifz al-nafs) dan perlindungan harta (hifz al-mal), sebagai kerangka evaluatif operasional untuk menilai keadilan gender dalam sistem hukum pluralistik. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya integrasi maqashid syariah dan perspektif keadilan gender dalam rekonstruksi hukum keluarga guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum dan keadilan substantif bagi istri.

Urgensi Pembaharuan Kitab Hukum Acara Pidana Dalam Menjawab Tantangan Penegakan Hukum Modern di Indonesia Alwan Hadianto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12820

This study analyzes the urgency of reforming Indonesia’s Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) in response to the challenges of modern criminal law enforcement that increasingly demand legal certainty, accountability, and effective protection of human rights. Enacted in 1981, KUHAP is no longer fully capable of accommodating developments in technology, the complexity of contemporary crimes, and evolving standards of fair trial within the criminal justice system. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches by examining relevant legislation, academic literature, judicial practices, and the most recent Draft Criminal Procedure Code (RUU KUHAP). The novelty of this study lies in its integrative analysis of KUHAP reform by linking normative deficiencies, institutional relations among law enforcement agencies, and systemic weaknesses within the criminal justice process. The findings demonstrate that KUHAP reform is not merely a normative necessity but a structural and cultural imperative to ensure procedural justice, prevent abuse of authority, and strengthen public trust in the criminal justice system. Accordingly, comprehensive reform of the Criminal Procedure Code constitutes a strategic foundation for establishing a modern, transparent, and human rights–oriented criminal justice system in Indonesia. Penelitian ini menganalisis urgensi pembaruan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP) dalam menjawab tantangan penegakan hukum pidana modern yang semakin menuntut kepastian hukum, akuntabilitas, dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia secara efektif. KUHAP yang diberlakukan sejak tahun 1981 dinilai tidak lagi sepenuhnya mampu mengakomodasi perkembangan teknologi, kompleksitas tindak pidana kontemporer, serta standar fair trial dalam sistem peradilan pidana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual melalui analisis terhadap regulasi terkait, literatur akademik, praktik peradilan, serta Rancangan KUHAP terbaru. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis integratif yang mengaitkan kelemahan normatif KUHAP, relasi kelembagaan antarpenegak hukum, dan problem sistemik dalam proses peradilan pidana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembaruan KUHAP tidak hanya bersifat normatif, tetapi juga merupakan kebutuhan struktural dan kultural guna menjamin keadilan prosedural, mencegah penyalahgunaan kewenangan, serta memperkuat kepercayaan publik terhadap sistem peradilan pidana. Oleh karena itu, reformasi KUHAP menjadi landasan strategis dalam mewujudkan sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia yang modern, transparan, dan berorientasi pada hak asasi manusia.

Implementasi Nilai Pasar dan Nilai Likuidasi Sebagai Nilai Limit Dalam Lelang Hak Tanggungan Wahyu Mahendra; Zaenal Arifin; Muhammad Junaidi; Soegianto Soegianto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12877

Mortgage auctions constitute a primary mechanism for executing collateral in resolving non-performing loans. This study examines the implementation of market value and liquidation value as the basis for determining reserve prices and analyzes their implications for substantive justice for debtors and creditors. Employing a normative-empirical legal research method, this study integrates statutory analysis, doctrinal review, and empirical observations of mortgage auction practices at the State Assets and Auction Service Office (KPKNL). The findings reveal a persistent gap between normative regulations—particularly Minister of Finance Regulation No. 122 of 2023 and the Indonesian Valuation Standards—which prioritize market value, and practical implementation, where creditors frequently apply liquidation value from the initial auction stage. This practice results in the disposal of collateral at prices below fair economic value, disproportionately disadvantaging debtors and weakening substantive justice. The study argues that such implementation contradicts fairness principles and increases the potential for post-auction disputes. The novelty of this research lies in proposing a tiered reserve price model that mandates the use of market value at the initial auction stage and permits liquidation value only in subsequent auctions if the asset remains unsold, supported by transparent procedures and independent appraisers. This model is expected to enhance legal certainty, balance the interests of debtors and creditors, and strengthen public trust in the mortgage auction system. Lelang hak tanggungan merupakan mekanisme utama eksekusi jaminan dalam penyelesaian kredit bermasalah. Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi penggunaan nilai pasar dan nilai likuidasi sebagai dasar penetapan nilai limit serta implikasinya terhadap keadilan substantif bagi debitur dan kreditur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif-empiris dengan mengombinasikan analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, kajian doktrinal, dan pengamatan empiris terhadap praktik lelang hak tanggungan di Kantor Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang (KPKNL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara pengaturan normatif, khususnya Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 122 Tahun 2023 dan Standar Penilaian Indonesia yang memprioritaskan nilai pasar, dengan praktik di lapangan yang masih dominan menggunakan nilai likuidasi sejak tahap awal pelelangan. Praktik tersebut menyebabkan objek jaminan dilepas pada harga yang tidak mencerminkan nilai ekonomis wajar, sehingga merugikan debitur dan melemahkan keadilan substantif. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa kondisi tersebut berpotensi meningkatkan sengketa pasca-lelang dan menurunkan kepercayaan terhadap sistem lelang. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada tawaran model penetapan nilai limit secara berjenjang, yakni mewajibkan penggunaan nilai pasar pada pelelangan pertama dan menempatkan nilai likuidasi sebagai alternatif pada tahap berikutnya apabila objek tidak terjual, dengan mekanisme yang transparan dan melibatkan penilai independen. Model ini diharapkan mampu memperkuat kepastian hukum, menyeimbangkan kepentingan debitur dan kreditur, serta meningkatkan legitimasi sistem lelang hak tanggungan.

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Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email
zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone
+6282242226898

Journal Mail Official
usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone +6282242226898

Journal Mail Official usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location Kota semarang, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Contact Name
Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email
zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone
+6282242226898

Journal Mail Official
usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA