cover
Contact Name
Zaenal Arifin
Contact Email
zaenal@usm.ac.id
Phone
+6282242226898
Journal Mail Official
usmlawreview@usm.ac.id
Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno - Hatta
Location
Kota semarang,
Jawa tengah
INDONESIA
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW
Published by Universitas Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26214105     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/julr.v2i2.2266
Core Subject : Social,
Journal USM LAW REVIEW (JULR) is an academic journal for Legal Studies published by Master of Law, Semarang University. It aims primarily to facilitate scholarly and professional discussions over current developments on legal issues in Indonesia as well as to publish innovative legal researches concerning Indonesian laws and legal system. The focus and scope of this journal are legal problems in the fields of Criminal Law; Civil Law; Constitutional Law; International Law; Administrative Law; Islamic Law; Business Law; Medical Law; Environmental Law; Adat Law; Agrarian Law; Legal Philosophy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 561 Documents
Kewenangan Bea dan Cukai Dalam Penegakan Hukum Penyelundupan Ekspor di Indonesia Casnoyo Casnoyo; Zaenal Arifin; Kukuh Sudarmanto; Cita Tsaabiethah Agustria Sasti
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12884

Abstract

This study analyzes the authority of Customs and Excise Officials in enforcing export smuggling laws in Indonesia and examines factors affecting the effectiveness of Article 102A of the Customs Law. Using a normative-empirical legal research method, this study combines statutory analysis with empirical data from law enforcement practices at the Tanjung Emas Customs and Excise Office. The findings indicate that enforcement of export smuggling provisions remains suboptimal, as many violations are redirected to other legal provisions with lighter sanctions. Key obstacles include high inspection costs for export goods already loaded onto vessels, social pressure from other exporters and transport operators, and the discretionary use of authority in response to complex field conditions. These factors weaken legal certainty and the deterrent effect of export smuggling law enforcement. This study argues that although administrative discretion is legally justified, it requires clearer boundaries and stronger institutional support to enhance enforcement effectiveness. The novelty of this research lies in its analysis of the relationship between the formulation of Article 102A and the practical limitations faced by Customs authorities, leading to recommendations for clearer discretionary guidelines, improved inter-unit coordination, and strengthened institutional capacity.   Penelitian ini menganalisis kewenangan Pejabat Bea dan Cukai dalam penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana penyelundupan di bidang ekspor serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas penerapan Pasal 102A Undang-Undang Kepabeanan. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif-empiris dengan mengombinasikan analisis peraturan perundang-undangan dan data empiris dari praktik penegakan hukum di KPPBC Tipe Madya Pabean Tanjung Emas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum penyelundupan ekspor belum optimal karena banyak pelanggaran dialihkan ke ketentuan lain dengan sanksi yang lebih ringan. Kendala utama meliputi tingginya biaya pemeriksaan barang ekspor yang telah dimuat di atas sarana pengangkut, tekanan sosial dari eksportir lain dan pemilik sarana pengangkut, serta penggunaan diskresi administratif dalam menghadapi kompleksitas kondisi lapangan. Kondisi ini berdampak pada lemahnya kepastian hukum dan daya cegah penegakan hukum penyelundupan ekspor. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa penggunaan diskresi perlu dibatasi secara jelas dan didukung penguatan kelembagaan. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada analisis keterkaitan antara rumusan Pasal 102A dan keterbatasan kewenangan Bea dan Cukai dalam praktik penegakan hukum, serta rekomendasi penguatan pedoman diskresi dan koordinasi penegakan hukum.
Reformasi Politik Hukum Konservasi Satwa Liar Dilindungi di Indonesia Dyah Retna Prabaningrum; Haikal Al Farizi; Ageng Darma Putra Vijaya
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12893

Abstract

This study examines the political direction of protected wildlife conservation law in Indonesia following the enactment of Law Number 32 of 2024, amending Law Number 5 of 1990 on the Conservation of Living Natural Resources and Ecosystems (KSDAHE). The research is motivated by the persistent rise in illegal wildlife trade, indicating the inadequacy of existing regulations and law enforcement mechanisms. This study employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, analyzing conservation regulations, government policies, and theories of legal politics and ecological justice. The findings reveal that the KSDAHE Law remains largely influenced by an anthropocentric and centralized paradigm, as reflected in regulatory conflicts, the inadequate implementation of the principle of meaningful participation in the legislative process, and weaknesses in the legal structure for mitigating conservation crimes. The novelty of this study lies in applying political law analysis to assess conservation policy effectiveness by positioning ecological justice and community participation as key evaluative benchmarks. This study recommends a reform of conservation policy through the strengthening of meaningful participation, a paradigm shift toward ecological justice, increased public legal awareness, the development of sustainable ecotourism, and the utilization of technology in conservation monitoring to ensure equitable and sustainable wildlife protection.   Penelitian ini menganalisis arah politik hukum kebijakan konservasi satwa liar dilindungi di Indonesia pasca berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya (KSDAHE). Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari maraknya perdagangan ilegal satwa liar yang menunjukkan lemahnya efektivitas regulasi dan penegakan hukum konservasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, melalui analisis terhadap regulasi konservasi, kebijakan pemerintah, serta teori politik hukum dan keadilan ekologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UU KSDAHE secara substansial masih didominasi paradigma antroposentris dan sentralistik, yang tercermin dari konflik norma antarregulasi, belum optimalnya penerapan asas partisipasi bermakna dalam proses legislasi, serta lemahnya struktur hukum dalam memitigasi kejahatan konservasi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penggunaan analisis politik hukum untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas kebijakan konservasi dengan menempatkan keadilan ekologis dan keterlibatan masyarakat sebagai tolok ukur utama. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan reformasi arah kebijakan konservasi melalui penguatan prinsip partisipasi bermakna, pergeseran paradigma menuju keadilan ekologis, peningkatan kesadaran hukum masyarakat, pengembangan ekowisata berkelanjutan, serta pemanfaatan teknologi dalam pengawasan konservasi guna mewujudkan perlindungan satwa liar yang berkeadilan dan berkelanjutan.
Keabsahan Hukum Fitur Pengaduan Shopee Sebagai Bukti Elektronik dalam E-Commerce Mardiyati, Nursanti
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): -
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.12896

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the legal validity of Shopee’s complaint feature in Shopee transaction disputes and the legal implications if such evidence is not recognized in civil proceedings. The issue arises from disputes related to product discrepancies and the absence of clear legal standards regarding the admissibility of Shopee’s internal system records in civil litigation. The urgency of this research lies in ensuring legal certainty and consumer protection in e-commerce transactions. This study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, supported by empirical data consisting of negative consumer reviews and documented cases of rejected refunds or returns on Shopee. The novelty of this research lies in its theoretical examination of Shopee’s complaint feature as admissible evidence under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the principle of legality in civil procedural law, and authentication as a prerequisite for the validity of digital evidence. The findings indicate that Shopee’s complaint feature meets the formal requirements of valid electronic evidence; however, in judicial practice, its evidentiary weight is often categorized merely as a supporting indication and considered weak due to authentication limitations, lack of digital forensic verification, non-transparent internal verification mechanisms, and inconsistent judicial acceptance in similar cases. This research contributes to the development of digital evidence assessment in e-commerce disputes by offering a framework for evaluating the validity of marketplace-based evidence. It further emphasizes the urgency of regulatory reconstruction and technical guidelines for the admissibility of digital evidence to ensure legal certainty, platform accountability, and consumer protection in online transactions.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keabsahan hukum fitur pengaduan Shopee dalam kasus transaksi Shopee dan implikasi hukum jika fitur pengaduan tidak diakui sebagai bukti sah. Permasalahan ini berawal dari sengketa transaksi Shopee, terkait ketidaksesuaian barang dan ketiadaan standar hukum yang tegas dari sistem internal Shopee dalam proses perdata. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dan perlindungan konsumen dalam transaksi e-commerce. Metode penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan data empiris berupa ulasan negatif konsumen dan kasus penolakan refund atau retur Shopee. Kebaruan penelitian ini, secara teoretis menganalisis fitur pengaduan Shopee sebagai bukti yang sah menurut Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik asas legalitas pembuktian hukum acara perdata, dan konsep autentikasi sebagai syarat validitas bukti digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fitur pengaduan Shopee memenuhi unsur sah alat bukti elektronik, namun dalam praktik peradilan kekuatan pembuktiannya dianggap sebagai petunjuk dan dipandang lemah karena keterbatasan autentikasi, verifikasi ahli digital forensik, tidak transparannya mekanisme verifikasi internal platform, serta inkonsistensi penerimaan oleh majelis hakim dalam perkara sejenis. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan kajian pembuktian digital dalam sengketa e-commerce dengan kerangka penilaian validitas bukti berbasis sistem marketplace. Penelitian ini menegaskan urgensi rekonstruksi regulasi dan pedoman teknis penerimaan bukti digital agar dapat menjamin kepastian hukum, akuntabilitas platform, dan perlindungan konsumen dalam transaksi daring.
Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Fotografer Terhadap Kehilangan Foto Dalam Perspektif Hukum Perdata Dwisa, Rasfi; Sulastri, Sulastri; Sulastri Sulastri
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12945

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the form of photographers' responsibilities as service providers under civil law after an agreement with service users. The phenomenon of photo loss by photographers raises legal issues regarding breach of contract and consumer protection that have not been specifically regulated. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach through literature study. The results of the study indicate that breach of contract in photography services is generally caused by the negligence of service providers in fulfilling their obligations. The form of responsibility that must be fulfilled is to provide compensation to service users based on mutual agreement. However, due to the unique nature of photography services and the irreproducible results, the form of compensation needs to be regulated more specifically and proportionally. The conclusion of this study confirms that photographers have civil legal responsibility for losses due to breach of contract. The novelty of this study lies in emphasizing the importance of special regulations regarding the responsibilities of photography service providers by considering the unique characteristics of these services.   Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk tanggung jawab fotografer sebagai penyedia jasa berdasarkan hukum perdata setelah adanya perjanjian dengan pengguna jasa. Fenomena kehilangan hasil foto oleh fotografer menimbulkan persoalan hukum mengenai wanprestasi dan perlindungan konsumen yang belum diatur secara spesifik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wanprestasi dalam jasa fotografi umumnya disebabkan oleh kelalaian penyedia jasa dalam memenuhi kewajibannya. Bentuk tanggung jawab yang harus dipenuhi adalah memberikan ganti rugi kepada pengguna jasa berdasarkan kesepakatan bersama. Namun, karena sifat jasa fotografi yang unik dan hasilnya tidak dapat diulang, bentuk ganti rugi perlu diatur lebih spesifik dan proporsional. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa fotografer memiliki tanggung jawab hukum perdata atas kerugian akibat wanprestasi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penekanan pentingnya pengaturan khusus mengenai tanggung jawab penyedia jasa fotografi dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik unik jasa tersebut.
Model Pemidanaan Korporasi Berbasis Efek Jera dalam Kasus Korupsi di Indonesia Pitra Rinanti; Handoyo Prasetyo
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.13005

Abstract

This study analyzes the application of the deterrence effect concept in corporate sentencing for corruption offenses by examining Supreme Court Decision Number 2583 K/Pid.Sus/2024. The research is motivated by the weak deterrent impact of corporate corruption sentencing in Indonesia, as reflected in sanctions that are disproportionate to the magnitude of state losses. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory and case approaches, supported by conceptual and comparative analyses of asset confiscation practices in Singapore and Hong Kong. The findings reveal that the cassation decision fails to adequately reflect the deterrence effect, as the imposed fines and compensation are not proportional to the state's loss of IDR 480 billion. This condition indicates the absence of substantive justice in corporate corruption sentencing. The novelty of this research lies in integrating the directing mind theory, deterrence theory, and theories of justice proposed by John Rawls and Aristotle to assess the effectiveness of corporate criminal liability. The study recommends a multi-track punishment system for corporate corruption cases, combining proportional fines, asset confiscation, and legal reform of Article 18 paragraph (1)(b) of the Anti-Corruption Law to enhance deterrence and substantive justice in Indonesia.   Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan konsep deterrence effect dalam pemidanaan korporasi pada tindak pidana korupsi dengan merujuk pada Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2583 K/Pid.Sus/2024. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada lemahnya efek jera dalam pemidanaan korupsi korporasi di Indonesia, yang tercermin dari tidak proporsionalnya sanksi pidana dengan besarnya kerugian negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, serta didukung pendekatan konseptual dan komparatif melalui perbandingan praktik perampasan aset di Singapura dan Hong Kong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa putusan kasasi tersebut belum mencerminkan deterrence effect secara optimal, karena pidana denda dan uang pengganti yang dijatuhkan tidak sebanding dengan kerugian negara sebesar Rp480 miliar. Kondisi ini menunjukkan belum terpenuhinya keadilan substantif dalam pemidanaan korporasi pelaku korupsi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi teori directing mind, deterrence effect, serta teori keadilan John Rawls dan Aristoteles dalam mengevaluasi efektivitas pemidanaan korporasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan model pemidanaan korporasi berbasis multi-track punishment system melalui kombinasi denda proporsional, perampasan aset, dan pembaruan Pasal 18 ayat (1) huruf b Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi guna memperkuat efek jera dan keadilan substantif.
Konstitusionalisasi Hak atas Kebebasan Berekspresi di Era Digital Pasca-Amandemen UUD 1945 Anastasya; Eny Kusdarini
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.13025

Abstract

The disparity between constitutional guarantees and the practice of restricting expression in public and digital spaces reflects a crisis in the effectiveness of human rights protection within the national legal system. Constitutional reform through the Fourteenth Amendment has strengthened the position of the right to freedom of expression, particularly in Article 28E paragraph (3). However, its implementation remains hindered by weak oversight and regulatory ambiguity, especially in Articles 27 and 28 of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law), which are still subject to multiple interpretations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the compatibility between constitutional guarantees of freedom of expression and the practice of legal restrictions in the digital era, based on Lon Fuller’s principle of the internal morality of law. This study is relevant due to the significant gap between constitutional guarantees and the reality on the ground, where restrictions and violations persist, particularly in the digital age. Using a qualitative approach with a normative juridical method, the findings demonstrate that constitutional guarantees are consistent with international standards. Nevertheless, national regulations require adaptive reforms and progressive oversight mechanisms to ensure that freedom of expression can be substantively realized in Indonesia’s constitutional democracy in the digital era. The novelty of this research lies in its critical analysis of Fuller’s internal morality of law, which emphasizes transparency and openness as prerequisites for justice in a democratic legal system, and in its evaluation of the validity of regulations restricting freedom of expression in Indonesia’s digital age.   Ketimpangan antara jaminan konstitusional dan praktik pembatasan ekspresi di ruang publik dan digital menunjukkan adanya krisis efektivitas perlindungan hak asasi manusia dalam sistem hukum nasional. Reformasi konstitusi melalui empat kali amandemen memang telah memperkuat posisi hak berekspresi, khususnya dalam Pasal 28E ayat (3), namun penerapannya masih terkendala lemahnya pengawasan, ambiguitas regulasi terutama Pasal 27 dan 28 UU ITE yang masih multitafsir. Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kesesuaian antara jaminan konstitusional kebebasan berekpresi dan praktik pembatasan hukum di era digital berdasarkan prinsip moralitas internal hukum Lon Fuller. Penelitian ini relevan karena adanya kesenjangan antara jaminan konstitusi yang baik dengan realitas di lapangan yang masih banyak pembatasan dan pelanggaran, terutama di era digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jaminan konstitusional telah selaras dengan standar internasional, tetapi regulasi nasional masih membutuhkan pembaruan adaptif dan mekanisme pengawasan yang progresif agar kebebasan berekspresi dapat terwujud secara substantif di era digital dan demokrasi konstitusional Indonesia. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada analisis kritis terhadap moralitas internal hukum menurut Fuller, yang menekankan pentingnya transparansi dan keterbukaan sebagai prasyarat keadilan dalam sistem hukum demokratis dan menilai keabsahan regulasi pembatasan kebebasan berekspresi di era digital Indonesia.  
Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Perubahan Harga Sepihak Dalam Transaksi Hotel di Platform Traveloka Rica Hardyanti; Otong Syuhada; Riky Pribadi
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.13033

Abstract

This study examines legal protection for consumers against unilateral price changes in hotel booking transactions conducted through the Traveloka digital platform and formulates a legal liability model between hotels and digital platforms. The research adopts a juridical-empirical (socio-legal) approach by combining normative analysis of the Consumer Protection Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Civil Code, and Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 on Electronic Commerce with field data obtained from interviews with consumers, hotel management, and platform representatives. The findings indicate that post-confirmation price changes violate consumer rights, the principle of good faith, and legal certainty, and constitute both breach of contract and unlawful acts. These practices are exacerbated by the absence of clear regulations defining the allocation of liability between hotels and digital platforms, resulting in a legal vacuum that weakens consumer protection. The novelty of this study lies in integrating a normative-empirical approach with global liability theories to develop a joint liability framework applicable to digital hotel transactions. This study recommends strengthening digital consumer protection through post-confirmation price-lock mechanisms, prohibition of unilateral clauses, and mandatory re-consent procedures to ensure fairness, transparency, and legal certainty in online hotel transactions.   Penelitian ini menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen terhadap praktik perubahan harga sepihak dalam transaksi pemesanan hotel melalui platform digital Traveloka serta merumuskan model tanggung jawab hukum antara hotel dan platform digital. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris (socio-legal research) dengan memadukan analisis normatif terhadap Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, serta Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik, dengan data lapangan berupa wawancara konsumen, pihak hotel, dan penyedia platform. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan harga setelah konfirmasi dan pembayaran merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hak konsumen, asas iktikad baik, dan kepastian hukum, serta dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai wanprestasi dan perbuatan melawan hukum. Praktik tersebut diperparah oleh ketiadaan pengaturan tegas mengenai pembagian tanggung jawab antara hotel dan platform digital, sehingga menciptakan kekosongan hukum dan melemahkan posisi konsumen. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi pendekatan normatif-empiris dengan teori tanggung jawab hukum global untuk merumuskan konsep joint liability antara hotel dan platform digital. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan regulasi perlindungan konsumen digital melalui penerapan price-lock pascakonfirmasi, larangan klausul sepihak, dan mekanisme re-consent guna menjamin kepastian hukum dan keadilan dalam transaksi hotel daring. 
Penerapan Asas Keadilan dalam Penetapan Warisan Tanpa Ahli Waris di Peradilan Agama Najma, Siti Najla Nur; Surahmad Surahmad
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.13034

Abstract

This study examines the application of the principle of justice in determining inheritance without heirs in the Religious Court Decision of Tigaraksa Number 291/Pdt.P/2023/PA.Tgrs and its conformity with the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). The research is motivated by the lack of uniform interpretation of Article 191 of the KHI in religious court practices, which may result in legal uncertainty and the absence of substantive justice. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches by analyzing the Compilation of Islamic Law, Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 1991, and judicial legal reasoning. The findings indicate that the judges applied the principle of justice substantively and contextually by prioritizing family welfare and the values of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, particularly the protection of property (ḥifẓ al-māl) and family ties (ḥifẓ al-nasl). The court interpreted Article 191 of the KHI progressively, concluding that the case did not constitute inheritance without heirs since lawful blood relatives were still present. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of voluntary inheritance determinations integrating substantive justice, judicial ijtihad (ijtihad qadhā’i), and social welfare considerations. This study recommends that the Supreme Court issue guidelines or circular letters to standardize the interpretation of Article 191 of the KHI in order to ensure legal certainty and consistent application of substantive justice within religious courts.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan asas keadilan dalam penetapan harta warisan tanpa ahli waris pada Penetapan Pengadilan Agama Tigaraksa Nomor 291/Pdt.P/2023/PA.Tgrs serta kesesuaiannya dengan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI). Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada belum seragamnya penafsiran Pasal 191 KHI dalam praktik peradilan agama, yang berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan ketidakadilan substantif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual, melalui analisis KHI, Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991, serta pertimbangan hukum majelis hakim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim menerapkan asas keadilan secara substantif dan kontekstual dengan mengutamakan kemaslahatan keluarga serta prinsip maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, khususnya perlindungan terhadap harta (ḥifẓ al-māl) dan silaturahmi keluarga (ḥifẓ al-nasl). Hakim menafsirkan Pasal 191 KHI secara progresif dengan menilai bahwa perkara tersebut tidak termasuk kategori warisan tanpa ahli waris karena masih terdapat kerabat sedarah yang sah. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis penetapan voluntair waris yang mengintegrasikan asas keadilan substantif, ijtihad qadhā’i, serta perspektif kemaslahatan sosial. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya pedoman atau Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung guna menyeragamkan penerapan Pasal 191 KHI agar tercipta kepastian hukum dan keadilan substantif di lingkungan peradilan agama.
Implikasi Hukum Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) Asing Terhadap Kedaulatan Indonesia di Zona Ekonomi klusif Indonesia terhadap Kedaulatan dan Yurisdiksi Nasional Rizki Rizki; Laot Kian, Antonius Maria; See, Benedictus Renny
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.13039

Abstract

This study examines the legal vacuum and enforcement challenges arising from the operation of foreign Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) in Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), a strategic issue because it has the potential to affect sovereignty, underwater security, and the protection of critical infrastructure. The research questions include the regulation of UUVs under UNCLOS 1982, the national legal response to autonomous underwater technology, and relevant regulatory models for Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical method combined with a comparative approach to the practices of other countries. The results of the study show that: (1) UNCLOS does not yet provide a definition or operational instruments for the interception and attribution of UUV nationality; (2) national laws, particularly the Maritime Law and EEZ Law, do not yet regulate the definition of UUVs, interception SOPs, or seizure authority; and (3) weaknesses in coordination and technological limitations expand the gray area for dual-use UUV operations that pose a threat to maritime security. The theoretical contribution of this research lies in the formulation of a new interpretive framework that integrates the characteristics of autonomous technology into the maritime legal regime while offering a normative basis for the formation of national regulations that are more harmonious with UNCLOS. The novelty of this research lies in its systematic analysis of the disharmony between international norms and national laws and the formulation of normative parameters for designing operational UUV regulations for policymakers.   Penelitian ini menelaah kekosongan hukum dan tantangan penegakan yang muncul akibat beroperasinya Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) asing di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) Indonesia, suatu isu strategis karena berpotensi memengaruhi kedaulatan, keamanan bawah laut, dan perlindungan infrastruktur kritis. Pertanyaan penelitian meliputi pengaturan UUV menurut UNCLOS 1982, respons hukum nasional terhadap teknologi bawah air otonom, serta model regulasi yang relevan untuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan komparatif terhadap praktik negara lain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) UNCLOS belum menyediakan definisi maupun instrumen operasional untuk intersepsi dan atribusi kebangsaan UUV; (2) hukum nasional, terutama UU Kelautan dan UU ZEE, belum mengatur definisi UUV, SOP intersepsi, serta kewenangan penyitaan; dan (3) kelemahan koordinasi serta keterbatasan teknologi memperluas ruang abu-abu bagi operasi UUV dual-use yang berisiko mengancam keamanan maritim. Kontribusi teoretis penelitian terletak pada perumusan kerangka interpretatif baru yang mengintegrasikan karakteristik teknologi otonom ke dalam rezim hukum laut, sekaligus menawarkan dasar normatif bagi pembentukan regulasi nasional yang lebih harmonis dengan UNCLOS. Novelti penelitian ini terletak pada analisis sistematis mengenai ketidakharmonisan antara norma internasional dan hukum nasional serta penyusunan parameter normatif untuk merancang regulasi UUV yang operasional bagi pembuat kebijakan.   
Deepfake Sebagai Bentuk Kejahatan Siber Baru: Tantangan Kriminalisasi Dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia Nurkholisah, Siti; Rismana, Daud; Eko Nugroho, Afrizal; Munjiyah, Amrina; Ayunisa, Qurota
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.13060

Abstract

This article examines the effectiveness of Indonesian criminal law regulations, particularly the ITE Law, the Personal Data Protection Law, and the New Criminal Code, in criminalizing deepfakes as an artificial intelligence–based cybercrime with increasingly complex, multidimensional, and socio-politically disruptive impacts. This study employs a normative juridical method through in-depth qualitative analysis, an examination of 15 court decisions from 2023–2025, and a comparative approach with international frameworks such as the EU AI Act and the US DEEPFAKES Accountability Act. The findings reveal that existing regulations remain largely reactive, lack a technical definition of deepfake, and fail to satisfy the principles of legal certainty (lex certa), preventive and repressive legal protection, proportionality of sanctions, and the balance between freedom of expression and privacy protection. Limitations in digital forensic evidence, inadequate law enforcement capacity to verify AI-generated content, and low public digital literacy contribute to systemic enforcement ineffectiveness and heightened victim vulnerability. The novelty of this article lies in its integrated approach combining positive legal analysis, open-source digital forensic technology, and digital literacy as preventive instruments within a unified theoretical framework. This study recommends regulatory reform through the explicit definition of deepfake, inter-legislative harmonization, the enhancement of accessible forensic technologies, and the strengthening of national digital literacy to establish an adaptive and just criminal law system in the digital era.   Artikel ini mengkaji efektivitas regulasi hukum pidana Indonesia, khususnya Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi, dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Baru, dalam mengkriminalisasi deepfake sebagai bentuk kejahatan siber berbasis kecerdasan buatan yang semakin kompleks, multidimensional, dan berpotensi mengganggu stabilitas sosial-politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan analisis kualitatif mendalam, studi terhadap 15 putusan pengadilan periode 2023–2025, serta pendekatan komparatif dengan kerangka internasional seperti EU AI Act dan US DEEPFAKES Accountability Act. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regulasi yang berlaku masih bersifat reaktif, belum memuat definisi teknis deepfake, serta belum memenuhi asas kepastian hukum (lex certa), fungsi perlindungan preventif dan represif, proporsionalitas sanksi, serta keseimbangan antara kebebasan berekspresi dan perlindungan privasi. Hambatan pembuktian forensik digital, keterbatasan kapasitas penegak hukum dalam memverifikasi konten berbasis AI, dan rendahnya literasi digital masyarakat menciptakan ketidakefektifan penegakan hukum yang sistemik dan memperbesar kerentanan korban. Kebaruan artikel ini terletak pada integrasi analisis hukum positif, teknologi forensik open source, dan literasi digital sebagai instrumen preventif dalam satu kerangka teoretik terpadu. Artikel ini merekomendasikan reformasi regulasi melalui perumusan definisi deepfake, harmonisasi antar-undang-undang, penguatan forensik digital yang terjangkau, serta pengembangan literasi digital nasional guna mewujudkan sistem hukum pidana yang adaptif dan berkeadilan di era digital.