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<![CDATA[The Effect of TROP2 Expression on Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Development in Iraqi Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Sadik A. Abdullah]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17634
<![CDATA[Background : Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is common type of the thyroid cancers, it’s onset in female at 30-50 years more than male and account for about 80% of all thyroid cancer cases . PTC diagnosis depend on histo-pathological finds of abnormal papillary architectures in the tissue as golden standerd of PTC diagnosis . Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) is trans-membrane glycoprotein receptor ,encoded by Tacstd2 gene , observe in various cancer types specially epithelial cancers . TROP2 has the up-regulation ( overexpression) in cancer cells such as pancreatic , thyroid and ovarian cancers. Objective of the Study:It’s shown up-regulation of TROP 2 in PTC Iraqi patients by Immunohistochemical method.Materials and Methods: The current study done in Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital from March 2020 to January 2021 , was included 30 cases of PTC patients and 30 healthy subjects , all of subject’s age were more than 30 years . This study depend on collect of paraffin embedded PTC biopsies then used Immunohistochemical method to examined the present of TROP2 in all cases.Results: This qualitative study shows significant expression of TROP2 in PTC patients compare with control groups .Conclusion: The current study demonstrate effect of TROP2 expression on PTC development]]>
<![CDATA[Study of Asphervon Gum Effect on Diuresis, Spermatogenesis and Its Effect on Testosterone Level in Rat Male Blood ]]>
<![CDATA[Samedinov Rustem Selyametovich]]>;
<![CDATA[Nabiev Abduvali Nabievich]]>;
<![CDATA[Tulyaganov Sattar Khakimovich]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17635
<![CDATA[The effect of Asphervon resin gum on spermatogenesis, on the level of testosterone in the blood of rats was studied, and the effect of two dosages of the drug on diuresis of rats with an aqueous load was also considered. Data have been obtained on the quantitative change of sperm in the rat ejaculate, on the ability of Asfervon to reduce testosterone levels in the rat’s blood, and also, a pronounced dose has been revealed - the dependent diuretic effect of the drug Asfervon.]]>
<![CDATA[Long-Term Consequences of Intraoperative Spillage of Bile and Gallstones During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ]]>
<![CDATA[Rafa’a Sami Mahmood Al- Hayali]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17636
<![CDATA[Compared to open cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is linked to a greater rate of iatrogenic gallbladder perforation. The long-term effects of gallstones and spilled bile are unknown. Over a three-year period, data were gathered prospectively from 1059 patients who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The operating techniques and postoperative outcomes of individuals who had gallbladder perforation were examined in detail. Long-term follow-up (varying from 24 to 59 months) was available for 92 % of patients. The gallbladder was perforated in 306 patients (29%); it was more prevalent in men and was linked to increasing age, body weight, and the presence of omental adhesions (all P less than 0.001). Patients with acute cholecystitis had no higher risk (P = 0.13). Pyrexia was more likely postoperatively in individuals who had gallbladder contents spilled (18% vs. 9%; P less than 0.001). Intra-abdominal abscesses formed in 1 (0.6%) of 177 patients with just bile leakage and 3 (2.9 %) of 102 patients with both gallstones and bile spilling, but no intra-abdominal abscesses formed in the 696 patients in whom the gallbladder was removed intact (P less than 0.001). During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, intraperitoneal leakage of gallbladder contents is linked to an increased risk of intra-abdominal abscess. Attempts should be undertaken to irrigate the operating field in order to drain spilt bile and retrieve all gallstones that may have been spilled during the process.]]>
<![CDATA[Medical Negligence Pertaining to Medical Records: A Retrospective Study ]]>
<![CDATA[Sanjay Sukumar]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17637
<![CDATA[Background: Medical record is a vital document, and the doctor/hospital has to maintain these records properly. Most medical negligence cases rely heavily on medical records to establish a case of negligence against the doctor. Poorly filled or incomplete medical records will usually work against the favour of the treating doctor. Methods: A total of 242 cases of medical negligence cases decided by the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) from 2015 to 2019 (5 years) were analysed, and negligence/deficiency in service was proven in 126 cases of these lacunae in the medical records were found in 37 cases. Results: Some of the common mistakes were missed entry in the medical records (37%), deficient consent form (20%) and missing medical records (17%). Conclusion: Medical records play a vital role in medical negligence cases. Not maintaining proper medical records can leave the doctors/hospital vulnerable in liability cases.]]>
<![CDATA[Antibacterial effects of Ceftriaxone/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Combination Against Ceftriaxone resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Urinary Tract Infections ]]>
<![CDATA[Sarah F. Al-Taie]]>;
<![CDATA[Dhafar N. Al-Ugaili]]>;
<![CDATA[Khawla A. Kasar]]>;
<![CDATA[Laith A. Yaaqoob]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17638
<![CDATA[This study was designed to shed light on the issue of pathogenic bacteria resistance to antibiotic, and to overcome it by taking the advantages of nanotechnology. A hundred and twenty urine samples were collected from patients of different ages and of both genders who showed symptoms of urinary tract infections, from three hospitals in Baghdad. Ceftriaxone E. coli was detected and isolated from these samples. More recently, nanotechnology application has grown in importance in this problem. In this study, we used Zinc oxide nanoparticle to enhance the activity of ceftriaxone. Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP) was prepared by biological method of processing of a fresh leaf aloe vera plants. Further characterization methods, which are Fourier, transform infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) (which showed that the average diameter of the newly created ZnO NP is 45.55 nm) were applied for checking the created nanoparticle. Antimicrobial ability of ZnO NP showed an inhibition zone with a 13 mm in diameter. The isolates of E. coli showed a resistance to ceftriaxone at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. The results of inhibition activity of ceftriaxone antibiotic against Escherichia coli isolates of the current study showed a remarkable change when mixed with ZnO NP, in which ceftriaxone became affective in inhibiting Escherichia coli growth.]]>
<![CDATA[Effectiveness of Mixed Clove Flower Extract (Syzygium Aromaticum) And Sweet Wood (Cinnamon Burmanni) on the Growth of Enterococcus Faecalis ]]>
<![CDATA[Sarahfin Aslan]]>;
<![CDATA[Masriadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Rahmah Hasanuddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Andi Tenri Biba Mallombasang]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Azizah A.R]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17639
<![CDATA[Failed root canal treatment can cause problems such as recurring pain and leave persistent bacteria in the root canal. One of the bacteria that often causes root canal treatment failure is Enterococcus faecalis. The use of a root canal irrigation agent such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) can help inhibit the growth of bacteria in the root canal. The use of materials derived from nature can be used as an alternative material for root canal irrigation because they inhibit growth and kill bacteria and have fewer side effects than chemicals. Several studies have tried to prove the use of ingredients of natural origin in the form of a mixture and the results obtained are higher when compared to single use. Natural ingredients that are often used as herbal medicine include cloves and cinnamon. Objective. To determine the effectiveness of a mixture of clove flower extract (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamon burmanni) on the growth of Enterococcus faecalis. Methods. Using experimental laboratory methods, with a research design in the form of Post Test Only Control Design, sampling by random sampling using 5 treatments and 5 repetitions. Statistical test using One Way Anova. Results. This study showed the diameter of the inhibition zone of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in a mixture of clove flower (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamon burmanni) extract at 5% concentration of 10.84 ± 0.73, 10% concentration of 15.00 ± 0.80 mm. The concentration of 15% was 16.32 ± 1.04 mm and based on statistical tests obtained a significant value of P <0.01. Conclusion. The alternative hypothesis of this study is accepted and this study shows that there is an effectiveness of a mixture of clove flower extract (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamon burmanni) concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% in inhibiting the growth of Enterococcus faecalis.]]>
<![CDATA[Efficacy of Serum Levels of Antioxidants in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Satyam Joshi]]>;
<![CDATA[Khushboo Desai]]>;
<![CDATA[Hemal Joshi]]>;
<![CDATA[Darshan Patel]]>;
<![CDATA[Neha Verma]]>;
<![CDATA[Riya Shah]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17642
<![CDATA[Background and Aim: Serum total protein, albumin and uric acid are plasma’s potent antioxidant defense; it comes out convincing enough to be used as a reliable marker of oxidative stress in the body and could be helpful in the early identification of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), against the other invasive and not so cost effective diagnostic adjuncts. Hence the present study was aimed to compare the serum levels of total protein, albumin and uric acid in oral submucous fibrosis patients.Material & Methods: Patients were assigned to one of three groups: Group one consisted of 25 healthy individuals, Group two consisted of 25 individuals with chewing tobacco habit without OSMF, Group three consisted of 25 patients with chewing tobacco habit with OSMF. Participants were instructed to fast overnight. On the following day between 8 and 10 AM, 5 ml of venous blood was drawn from each subject using a sterile disposable syringe taking care to prevent hemolysis. Assay of albumin & total protein were carried out using the bromocresol green method and that for uric acid was carried out by biuret method.Results: Mean serum levels of Total protein decreased from group I to group III; difference was not found to be statistically significant. Serum levels of Albumin decreased from group I to group III; difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Serum levels of Uric acid decreased from group I to group II; difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the degree of oxidative damage in OSMF can be assessed by estimation of serum Total Protein, Albumin & Uric Acid levels in affected patients. Underlying deficiency of antioxidants can be corrected by dietary supplementation of these antioxidants. This may be helpful for successful management of OSMF and for avoiding the consequences of malignancy.]]>
<![CDATA[The Differential Pattern in Skeletal-Dental Age and Duration of Growth Spurt based on Chronological Age and Gender Types (A Comparison Study Between Indonesian and Malaysian Children Populations) ]]>
<![CDATA[Seno Pradopo]]>;
<![CDATA[Sindy Cornelia Nelwan]]>;
<![CDATA[Ardianti Maartrina Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Amalia Wimarizky]]>;
<![CDATA[Achmad Nadian Permana]]>;
<![CDATA[Diana Md Zahid]]>;
<![CDATA[Syiral Mastura Abdullah]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17643
<![CDATA[Context: Growth and development is a continuous process that occurs intrauterine and continues until adulthood. In the process of reaching adulthood, children must go through various stages of growth and development, Growth is influenced by two main factors, namely internal (genetic) factors and external (environmental) factors. Internal factors include gender, obstetrics and race or ethnicity. Based on the background pattern above, the researcher wants to compare the difference in the duration of growth spurt between the Malaysian and Indonesian populations in terms of the Cervical Vertebrae Maturation (CVM) seen on the lateral cefalogramAims: to compare the differences in the duration of growth spurt between girl and boy in Indonesian and Malaysia Population based on Cervical Vertebrae Maturation (CVM) seen in the lateral cephalogram to determine the right time and orthodontic treatment plan in order to get maximum treatment results.Methods and Material: The study was conducted in June 2020. The research variables were divided into 3 types, namely independent variables (chronological age), dependent variables (skeletal age and growth spurt duration) and controlled variables (Indonesian population children, Gender, CVM CS3 - CS4). Every sample that met the criteria was performed skeletal maturity analysis using Cervical Vertebrae Maturation.Results: The boy sample required a duration of age to reach maturity, 17.93 months in Indonesia and 17.91 months in Malaysia. Meanwhile, the girs sample only required the duration of growth spurt, namely 6.59 months in Indonesia and 6.64 months in MalaysiaConclusion: There is no significant difference between the duration of growth spurt in Indonesian Boy and Malaysian Boy and so does the duration of growth spurt for Indonesian and Malaysian girl.]]>
<![CDATA[Effects of Motivational Interviewing on the Self-Efficacy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Siska Puji Lestari]]>;
<![CDATA[Titin Andri Wihastuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Dina Dewi Sartika Lestari Ismail]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17644
<![CDATA[Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that cannot be fully cured, thereby needing continuous treatment. As poor lifestyles increase in number and variation, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing every year. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of motivational interviewing on the self-efficacy of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This study is an experimental study using Non-Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design. The population was type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving treatment at Polres Tuban Polyclinic. Sample collection was performed purposively with a sample size of 58 patients. This study utilized univariate and bivariate analyses using the t-test for two dependent means. The results of statistical analyses showed the effects of motivational interviewing on the self-efficacy of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in which there was an increase in the mean score of the intervention group from 27.3 to 36.8 (p=0.000). We concluded that motivational interviewing has an effect on improving the self-efficacy of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.]]>
<![CDATA[Is there a Relationship between the Characteristics and Attitudes of Adolescents with Premarital Sex? ]]>
<![CDATA[SiwiRizki Utami]]>;
<![CDATA[Muthmainnah]]>;
<![CDATA[Oedojo Soedirham]]>;
<![CDATA[YuliPuspita Devi]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17645
<![CDATA[Background: Premarital sex is one of the high-risk behaviors of adolescents today. The characteristics of adolescents can also be a triggering factor for premarital sex. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between characteristics and attitudes of adolescents towards premarital sex in East Java Province.Methods: This is a quantitative research with a cross sectional research design. The data used were taken from Program Performance and Accountability Survey (2018) on adolescents aged 15-24 years in East Java Province. The sample of this study was 2796 adolescents after normal weight adolescents were carried out. The dependent variable in this study is the attitude of adolescents, while the independent variables are place of residence, age, gender, education, and economic status. Data collection using smartphones and instruments that refer to the IDHS and PMA. The data were analyzed descriptively and tested using chi-square with a significance level of 0.05.Result and Conclusion: The results showed that the characteristics associated with the attitude of female adolescent was the place of residence with a significance value of 0.026. Age was related to the attitude of male adolescent with a significance value of 0.014. Education was related to the attitude of female adolescent (p-vaue = 0.000) and attitudes of male adolescent (p-value = 0.016). Economic status was related to the attitude of female adolescent (p-value = 0.000) and attitudes of male adolescents (p-value = 0.035). Characteristics had a relationship with adolescent attitudes in conducting pre-primary sex behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to have appropriate efforts to prevent adolescent risk behavior in accordance with the characteristics and needs of today’s youth]]>
