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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Assessment for the Risk Factors of Polypharmacy in Elderly Patients Mustafa Majed Helayeel; Dhuha Ahmed Majeed; Noor Mohammed Falih; Inam Sameh Arif; Amani Anees Abbody
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15876

Abstract

Polypharmacy is typical clinical issue in elderly people, it includes prescribed medications, over-the-counter (OTC) and herbal preparations.A total of 173 Iraqi elderly patients of age 60 years and above, were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using structured, cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. List of required data were recorded by interviewing patients during admission to Baghdad teaching hospital, Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital and 3 community pharmacies in Baghdad governorate. From August - September 2019 in Baghdad-Iraq. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25). Relationships between daily drug consumptions (DDC) and other continuous variables were examined using spearmen’s correlation. For between-group comparisons of daily drug consumptions, Student’s t-tests were performed. For categorical variables with more than 2 categories, multi-factor ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was performed.Significant number of the older Iraqi patient population has a high prevalence of polypharmacy with a highprevalence of consumption of lipid modifying drugs, proton pump inhibitor, oral antidiabetic drugs, and angiotensin II receptor antagonist. according to this study. The findings of this study showed that the higherDDC was significantly associated with hypertension alongside higher number of comorbidities, ADRs andPIM. Intraclass polypharmacy was highly associated with anti-hypertensives and lipid modifying drugs, suggesting revision of the drug-dispensing policy among older Iraqi population.
Morphmetrical and Histological Changes in Domestic Chicken Kidneys in Response to Salinated Water Mustafa Saddam Ghaj
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15877

Abstract

Background: The high ratio of salt in the water of my country (Iraq) had bad effect on the products of the poultry industry, therefor were focusing in this study on the effect of salt on the kidney of birds Material and Method: were carried on Twenty domesticate chicken(Gallus gallus) and divided into two groups (control and stressed) ten birds for each, used for determinate the morphological and histological differences in the kidneys .For histological study, kidney samples were taken to prepared slid to check the structure tissue of kidney in both groups. Result: The mean weight of kidney in stressed was (5.31 ± 0.55) g. It was heavier than the kidney of control group which weighted (4.08±0.47) g. The same difference was recorded about the size of kidney; the length (5.38 ± 0.49 cm) and width (2.40±0.32 cm) of kidney in stressed group was higher than that of control group (length 4.33±0.41 cm) and width (2.00±0.31 cm). Also some histological changes in stressed group was differed than control.Conclusion: The moderate salt level in food or drinking water was a toxic for chickens. The structure and function of chickens’ kidney were less efficiently to eliminate (NaCl), therefore severe histological changes in kidney and others vital organs.
The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of ACE-I/ARBs Drug on hs-CRP and HDL-Cholesterol in CKD Patient Muhammad Iqbal Mubarok; Maftuchah Rochmanti; Mochamad Yusuf; Mochammad Thaha
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15878

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is progressive disease that closely related to the chronic inflammatory process.Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE-I)/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) is the main therapy in the management of CKD, based on the recent sudies stated that this drug have pleiotropic effects as anti-inflammation.The aim of this study is tosee the interaction of hs-CRP and HDL-Cholesterol to prove the role of ACE-I/ARBs as an anti-inflammatory treatment for CKD patient. In this study we compared hsCRP, HDL Cholesterol and HDL Cholesterol /hs-CRP ratio levels in CKD patients who consumeand do not consumeACE-I/ARBs. Forty eight samples of CKD patients were taken randomly and then separated into two group based on their consumption of ACE-I/ARBs, each group have 24 samples.There were significantly different of mean of hs-CRP, HDL Cholesterol, and HDL Cholesterol/hs-CRP ratio between group, the mean concentration of hs-CRP in the ACE-I/ARBs group was significantly lower than in non-ACE-I/ARBs group (1,48±0,81 vs 4,19±4,02; P= 0.038),the mean of HDL (48,95±13,05vs 41,50±12,31; P= 0,048).There were negative correlation between HDL Cholesterol and hs-CRP, positive correlation between HDL Cholesterol/hs-CRP ratio and eGFR.This result indicate that hs-CRP and HDL-Cholesterol monitoring very important in CKD patient.
Preceptorship Model for Nursing Undergraduate Students: A Systematic Review Muhammad Irwan; Nur Isriani Najamuddin; Risnah; Musdalifah; Syamsiah Rauf; Andi Adriana Amal; Muthaharah
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15879

Abstract

Objectives: To find out the effectiveness of clinical education models for nursing undergraduate programs.Methods: From the PubMed, Science direct, Wiley online, and Secondary Search databases, 7 articles were obtained consisting of qualitative research that discussed the model of implementing preceptorship for nurses and undergraduate nursing students. The selection of research articles to be reviewed by establishing the inclusion and exclusion criteria then the process of searching for articles is synthesized into PRISMA flow diagram. Journal criticisms have been carried out using Qualitative CASP tools and Case-control. Results: Researches from 8 countries that have been published and can be generalized to where the average participant is described as a student undergraduate nursing, nursing staff and clinical facilitators / supervisors. This type of intervention is focused on various clinical education models for undergraduate nursing programs. The findings obtained regarding the effectiveness of the clinical education model for undergraduate nursing programs. This review literature proves that the clinical facilitator model (preceptrorship) is better than the educator model based on student perception and learning outcomes. Conclusion: This review literature proves that the clinical facilitator model (preceptrorship) is better than the standard educator model based on student perceptions and student learning outcomes themselves, it is proven that the preceptorship model provides greater involvement and learning environment compared to the standard facilitator model. All clinical education models show the advantages or disadvantages and limitations of each, however the potential student learning outcomes can be maximized if the model used is the results evaluated using systematic research.
Restrictions of Health Service in Doctor Private Practice During the Covid-19 Pandemic Muhammad Joni Ardi; Intan Sudarmadi; Dian Sari Pratiwi; Mokhamad Khoirul Huda
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15880

Abstract

Covid-19 has a huge impact on medical workers’ existence. They are at the forefront of treating Covid-19 patients. The high mortality rate for medical workers, especially doctors, indicates the need to regulate the doctor’s office so that there is no paralysis of health services during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data on the high mortality rate for health workers, especially doctors, need to get more attention. Besides, the ratio of doctors to the population is essential. The increasing number in doctors’ death rates causes doctors’ ratio to the population to decrease and needs to be anticipated by restricting the practice of private doctors. Restriction of services in private doctor’s practice places will cause the quality and quantity of services to decrease. Legal protection is also needed for doctors to limit their services in practice places. The government issued several legal rules. It was Act Number 36 the Year 2014 on Health Workers Article 57 paragraph (4) and from medical professional organizations to manage the restriction of health services in private practice.Covid-19 pandemichas created a policy in restricting the health services in doctor’s private practice, aiming to reduce the impact of deaths on doctors. This is following the Medical Act and Medical Ethics Code.
Correlation of Hematological Parameters on Maternal and Pediatric Leprosy ImmunityRatio: A Study in Endemic Areas in East Java, Indonesia Muhammad Yulianto Listiawan; Flora Ramona Sigit Prakoeswa; Anang Endaryanto; Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15882

Abstract

Background: Leprosy is chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Endemic areas stillexisted with stable number of new cases including new cases of pediatric leprosy and female leprosy cases.Close contact and women’s role in household increase the risk of transmission of leprosy to their children.Population lived in endemic areas are prone to contract leprosy due to dysregulation of immune system. Thisstudy aims to analyze correlation of hematological parameters and immunity ration in maternal and pediatricleprosy in endemic areas.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in endemic areas in Tuban Regency, East Java Province,Indonesia. The blood sample was taken from the subjects and underwent complete hematological parametertest (hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hematocrit) and measurement of T cellsactivityratio(Th1/Th2 ratio and Th17/Treg ratio) by ELISA. Correlation test was done between blood testresultsand the immunity ratio of maternal and pediatric leprosy in endemic areas.Results: 33 pairs of maternal and pediatric leprosy cases were analyzed. This study found correlationbetween RBC (p value= 0.029) and HCT (p value= 0.038) with Th17/Treg ratio in children population. Nosignificant results observed in mothers population.Conclusion: The result of this study shows that hematological paramaters (HB and HCT) related to theTh17/Treg ratio and could play roles in the incidence of dysregulation of immune system in children leprosy.
Space Occupying Lesion- Uncovering the Hidden Pathology of the Brain: A Case Report Mukul Sharma; Afsar Jahan; Biplab Rath; Sudipta Ranjan Singh; Manoj Kumar Mohanty
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15883

Abstract

Sudden deaths as a result of undiagnosed primary intra-cranial lesions are the rarest of rare. A brought deadcase of 32-year-old female with past history of headache without any clinical diagnosis was found to be thecase of “transitional meningioma with focal rhabdoid differentiation which is histo-pathologically classifiedas WHO Grade 1 intra cranial lesion1. A complete autopsy including gross findings, internal findings withhistopathology and immuno-histochemistry can help us to diagnose the missed pathology to conclude thecause of death. It will also give the idea about autopsy-based statistics of these rare intra-cranial lesionswhich would help us to focus the cases with the history of headache to diagnose early with interventions andinvestigation including MRI or CT scan during life.
The Role of Cdk5 and TRPV1 in Meloxicam Resistance Signal Transduction in Rat Experiencing Chronic Pain Mohammad F. Qorib; Reny I’tishom; Sri A. Sudjarwo; Ahmad Basori
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15884

Abstract

Chronic pain is a common case and become a serious problem. Chronic pain management are inconclusive.One of the common treatment option is NSAID. Treatment Failed are around 34-79% of total case. Thesetreatment failed suspected as NSAID resistance. Treatment failed can be caused by a some molecule thatmake NSAID loss of efficacy. Cdk5 is one of the molecule that active in chronic pain condition. Cdk5 canincrease transmembrane insertion and activate TRPV1. The aim of this research is analyzed the role of cdk5and TRPV1 in NSAID resistance of chronic pain rat. This research used 42 rats as a subject and dividedinto 6 groups with random allocation method and factorial design. Meloxicam treatment was given orallyevery day for 7 days after rats have a chronic pain (28 days). Chronic pain induction used a CFA injection.Results : cdk5 and TRPV1 expression at the dorsal root ganglia of chronic pain groups are increase, nosignificant different of pain threshold and inflammation sign between treatment and no treatment groupsafter chronic pain occurred. Conclusion : chronic pain can induce cdk5 and TRPV1 expression, and inducedby meloxicam treatment. Cdk5 and TRPV1 have a positive correlation with meloxicam resistance.
Cardio-renal Protective Role of Alpha Lipoic Acid Against Mesterolone in Relation to ANP, Nrf2 and TSPO genes Mohammed Hayder Asker; Tahani S.S. Al-Azawi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15885

Abstract

The protective role of Alpha Lipoicacide on cardio_renal function in rabbits subjected to Mesterolone wasstudied. A total of twenty adult female rabbits was divided into fourgroups:Control,Mesterolone(0.65mg/kg B.w),Lipoic acid(10 mg/kg B.w) and Mesterolone +Lipoic acid.All animals received treatment everyday for 60 days by oral administration during the period from 1stAugust 2018 to 1st June 2019. At theend of the experiment, animals were anesthetized by double dose anesthesia, heart and kidney tissues forRNA isolation were taken.This retrospective study was carried out in Department of physiology/College ofVeterinary Medicine/University of Baghdad/Iraq. The heart and kidney tissue were isolated for the expressionof atrial natriuretic peptide,nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 and Translocator protein genes.Theresults showed a significant increase in the expression of the genes in Mesterolonegroup.Whereas, Lipoicavid supplementation decreases them. These results indicate the important effect of Alpha lipoic acid oncardiorenal function. These anabolic androgenic steroids such as Mesterolone exert an up regulation of atrialnatriuretic peptide,nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 and Translocator protein genes expression toovercome the damage of heart and kidney tissue induced by them.
Determinants and Impact of Child Marriage on the Bride in Indonesia Nunik Puspitasari
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15886

Abstract

This study aims to analyze variables thought to be determinants and effects of child marriage on the bride.The design of this study was a case-control study. The number of samples was 116 brides consisting of 58brides married at age <18 years old as a case group and 58 brides who got married at age> 18 years old as acontrol group. There were 23 variables thought to be determinants and nine variables suspected as the impactof child marriage. The variables that were significantly associated with child marriage were 1) the ethnicof the bride, 2) father’s education, 3) mother’s education, 4) the occupational of the bride, 5) education ofthe bride and 6) the purpose of marriage was to lived happily (psychological). While the variables that weresignificantly affected the child marriage were: 1) the bride’s education and 2) the purpose of marriage wasto lived happily (psychological). Variables that significantly to the impact of child marriage were women’sindependence or women’s autonomy. The determinants of child marriage were the bride’s education, andthe purpose of marriage was to lived happily (psychological). The impact of child marriage was women’sautonomy.

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